Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation.

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444

Human gut microbes associated with obesity

Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/4441022a · Cited by 8,785

Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography

Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815

A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes

Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11450 · Cited by 6,762

Toll-Like Receptors

Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143

Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells

Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y., Fukuda, S., Endo, T. A., Nakato, G., Takahashi, D., Nakanishi, Y., Uetake, C., Kato, K., Kato, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12721 · Cited by 5,549

Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota

Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J. I., Gordon, J. I., Jansson, J. K., & Knight, R. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11550 · Cited by 5,533

Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration

Marshall, B., & Warren, J. R. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91816-6 · Cited by 5,509

The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic T reg Cell Homeostasis

Smith, P. M., Howitt, M. R., Panikov, N., Michaud, M., Gallini, C. A., Bohlooly-Y, M., Glickman, J. N., & Garrett, W. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241165 · Cited by 5,413

Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation

Arpaia, N., Campbell, C., Fan, X., Dikiy, S., van der Veeken, J., deRoos, P., Liu, H., Cross, J. R., Pfeffer, K., Coffer, P. J., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12726 · Cited by 4,838

Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases

Frank, D. N., St. Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706625104 · Cited by 4,611

Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria

Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554

Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis

Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 · Cited by 4,251

Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity

Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322 · Cited by 3,754

Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species

Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Shima, T., Imaoka, A., Kuwahara, T., Momose, Y., Cheng, G., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Ohba, Y., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198469 · Cited by 3,752

Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile

van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Fuentes, S., Zoetendal, E. G., de Vos, W. M., Visser, C. E., Kuijper, E. J., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., Tijssen, J. G. P., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1205037 · Cited by 3,708

Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection

Brenchley, J. M., Price, D. A., Schacker, T. W., Asher, T. E., Silvestri, G., Rao, S., Kazzaz, Z., Bornstein, E., Lambotte, O., Altmann, D., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1511 · Cited by 3,559

Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine

Ley, R. E., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 · Cited by 3,358

Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43

Maslowski, K. M., Vieira, A. T., Ng, A., Kranich, J., Sierro, F., Yu, D., Schilter, H. C., Rolph, M. S., Mackay, F., Artis, D., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08530 · Cited by 3,241

Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time

Costello, E. K., Lauber, C. L., Hamady, M., Fierer, N., Gordon, J. I., & Knight, R. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1177486 · Cited by 3,231

Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood

Cummings, J. H., Pomare, E. W., Branch, W. J., Naylor, C. P., & Macfarlane, G. T. (1987) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.28.10.1221 · Cited by 3,119

Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control

Karlsson, F. H., Tremaroli, V., Nookaew, I., Bergström, G., Behre, C. J., Fagerberg, B., Nielsen, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12198 · Cited by 3,115

Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome

Grice, E. A., Kong, H. H., Conlan, S., Deming, C. B., Davis, J., Young, A. C., Program, N. C. S., Bouffard, G. G., Blakesley, R. W., Murray, P. R., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171700 · Cited by 2,953

An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System

Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910

Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota

Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Oshima, K., Suda, W., Nagano, Y., Nishikawa, H., Fukuda, S., Saito, T., Narushima, S., Hase, K., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12331 · Cited by 2,872

Fusobacterium nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment

Kostic, A. D., Chun, E., Robertson, L., Glickman, J. N., Gallini, C. A., Michaud, M., Clancy, T. E., Chung, D. C., Lochhead, P., Hold, G. L., et al. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.007 · Cited by 2,718

A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β– and retinoic acid–dependent mechanism

Coombes, J. L., Siddiqui, K. R. R., Arancibia-Cárcamo, C. V., Hall, J. A., Sun, C., Belkaid, Y., & Powrie, F. M. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070590 · Cited by 2,708

Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Signaling via its FadA Adhesin

Rubinstein, M. R., Wang, X., Liu, W., Hao, Y., Cai, G., & Han, Y. W. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.012 · Cited by 2,476

A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease

Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L., & Kasper, D. L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07008 · Cited by 2,340

Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota

Arthur, J. C., Perez-Chanona, E., Mühlbauer, M., Tomkovich, S., Uronis, J. M., Fan, T.-J., Campbell, B. J., Abujamel, T., Dogan, B., Rogers, A. B., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224820 · Cited by 2,263

Commensal Bacteria Control Cancer Response to Therapy by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment

Iida, N., Dzutsev, A., Stewart, C. A., Smith, L., Bouladoux, N., Weingarten, R. A., Molina, D. A., Salcedo, R., Back, T., Cramer, S., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240527 · Cited by 2,251

Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome

Yoshimoto, S., Loo, T. M., Atarashi, K., Kanda, H., Sato, S., Oyadomari, S., Iwakura, Y., Oshima, K., Morita, H., Hattori, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12347 · Cited by 2,219

Molecular Analysis of Commensal Host-Microbial Relationships in the Intestine

Hooper, L. V., Wong, M. H., Thelin, A., Hansson, L., Falk, P. G., & Gordon, J. I. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5505.881 · Cited by 2,202

Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5

Vijay-Kumar, M., Aitken, J. D., Carvalho, F. A., Cullender, T. C., Mwangi, S., Srinivasan, S., Sitaraman, S. V., Knight, R., Ley, R. E., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179721 · Cited by 2,068

The Intestinal Microbiota Modulates the Anticancer Immune Effects of Cyclophosphamide

Viaud, S., Saccheri, F., Mignot, G., Yamazaki, T., Daillère, R., Hannani, D., Enot, D. P., Pfirschke, C., Engblom, C., Pittet, M. J., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240537 · Cited by 2,050

Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis

Scher, J. U., Sczesnak, A., Longman, R. S., Segata, N., Ubeda, C., Bielski, C., Rostron, T., Cerundolo, V., Pamer, E. G., Abramson, S. B., et al. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.01202 · Cited by 2,047

Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity

Markle, J. G. M., Frank, D. N., Mortin-Toth, S., Robertson, C. E., Feazel, L. M., Rolle-Kampczyk, U., von Bergen, M., McCoy, K. D., Macpherson, A. J., & Danska, J. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233521 · Cited by 2,025

NLRP6 Inflammasome Regulates Colonic Microbial Ecology and Risk for Colitis

Elinav, E., Strowig, T., Kau, A. L., Henao-Mejia, J., Thaiss, C. A., Booth, C. J., Peaper, D. R., Bertin, J., Eisenbarth, S. C., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.022 · Cited by 2,024

Inflammation-induced cancer: Crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms

Elinav, E., Nowarski, R., Thaiss, C. A., Hu, B., Jin, C., & Flavell, R. A. (2013) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3611 · Cited by 2,000

Reciprocal T H 17 and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation Mediated by Retinoic Acid

Mucida, D., Park, Y., Kim, G., Turovskaya, O., Scott, I., Kronenberg, M., & Cheroutre, H. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1145697 · Cited by 1,982

Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma

Kostic, A. D., Gevers, D., Pedamallu, C. S., Michaud, M., Duke, F., Earl, A. M., Ojesina, A. I., Jung, J., Bass, A. J., Tabernero, J., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.126573.111 · Cited by 1,960

Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes

Wen, L., Ley, R. E., Volchkov, P. Y., Stranges, P. B., Avanesyan, L., Stonebraker, A. C., Hu, C., Wong, F. S., Szot, G. L., Bluestone, J. A., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07336 · Cited by 1,921

Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease

Maloy, K. J., & Powrie, F. M. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10208 · Cited by 1,911

Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/- mice

Devkota, S., Wang, Y., Musch, M. W., Leone, V., Fehlner-Peach, H., Nadimpalli, A., Antonopoulos, D. A., Jabri, B., & Chang, E. B. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11225 · Cited by 1,904

Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid

Sun, C., Hall, J. A., Blank, R. B., Bouladoux, N. J., Oukka, M., Mora, J. R., & Belkaid, Y. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070602 · Cited by 1,880

Disordered Microbial Communities in Asthmatic Airways

Hilty, M., Burke, C. M., Pedro, H., Cárdenas, P., Bush, A., Bossley, C. J., Davies, J. C., Ervine, A., Poulter, L. W., Pachter, L. S., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008578 · Cited by 1,874

A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses

Wu, S., Rhee, K.-J., Albesiano, E., Rabizadeh, S., Wu, X., Yen, H.-R., Huso, D. L., Brancati, F. L., Wick, E., McAllister, F., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2015 · Cited by 1,812

Temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis

Kong, H. H., Oh, J., Deming, C., Conlan, S., Grice, E. A., Beatson, M. A., Nomicos, E., Polley, E. C., Komarow, H. D., Program, N. C. S., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.131029.111 · Cited by 1,808

Mechanisms of Disease: pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Sartor, R. B. (2006) · Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0528 · Cited by 1,806

Specific Microbiota Direct the Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T-Helper Cells in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine

Ivanov, I. I., Frutos, R. D. L., Manel, N., Yoshinaga, K., Rifkin, D. B., Sartor, R. B., Finlay, B. B., & Littman, D. R. (2008) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.09.009 · Cited by 1,770

Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system

Macpherson, A. J., & Harris, N. L. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1373 · Cited by 1,683

Microbial Exposure During Early Life Has Persistent Effects on Natural Killer T Cell Function

Olszak, T., An, D., Zeissig, S., Vera, M. P., Richter, J., Franke, A., Glickman, J. N., Siebert, R., Baron, R. M., Kasper, D. L., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1219328 · Cited by 1,661

Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota

Kamada, N., Chen, G. Y., Inohara, N., & Núñez, G. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2608 · Cited by 1,625

The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000.

Kosek, M. N., Bern, C., & Guerrant, R. L. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,617

The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota

Round, J. L., Lee, S. M., Li, J., Tran, G., Jabri, B., Chatila, T. A., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206095 · Cited by 1,604

Induction of Protective IgA by Intestinal Dendritic Cells Carrying Commensal Bacteria

Macpherson, A. J., & Uhr, T. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091334 · Cited by 1,584

Gut-Residing Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Drive Autoimmune Arthritis via T Helper 17 Cells

Wu, H.-J., Ivanov, I. I., Darce, J., Hattori, K., Shima, T., Umesaki, Y., Littman, D. R., Benoist, C., & Mathis, D. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.001 · Cited by 1,577

Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens

Buffie, C. G., & Pamer, E. G. (2013) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3535 · Cited by 1,564

Vitamin effects on the immune system: Vitamins A and D take centre stage

Mora, J. R., Iwata, M., & von Andrian, U. H. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2378 · Cited by 1,559

The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease

Osborn, O., & Olefsky, J. M. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2627 · Cited by 1,551

Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota

Hooper, L. V., & Macpherson, A. J. (2010) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2710 · Cited by 1,530

Exposure to Environmental Microorganisms and Childhood Asthma

Ege, M. J., Mayer, M., Normand, A.-C., Genuneit, J., Cookson, W. O. C. M., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Heederik, D., Piarroux, R., & von Mutius, E. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1007302 · Cited by 1,529

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity by Butyrate

Davie, J. R. (2003) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.7.2485s · Cited by 1,515

Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection

Ichinohe, T., Pang, I. K., Kumamoto, Y., Peaper, D. R., Ho, J. H., Murray, T. S., & Iwasaki, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1019378108 · Cited by 1,502

The Key Role of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in the Coordinated Maturation of Gut Helper T Cell Responses

Gaboriau-Routhiau, V., Rakotobe, S., Lécuyer, E., Mulder, I., Lan, A., Bridonneau, C., Rochet, V., Pisi, A., De Paepe, M., Brandi, G., et al. (2009) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.08.020 · Cited by 1,452

Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin

Cash, H. L., Whitham, C. V., Behrendt, C. L., & Hooper, L. V. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127119 · Cited by 1,432

Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens

McGuckin, M. A., Lindén, S. K., Sutton, P., & Florin, T. H. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2538 · Cited by 1,428

The Antibacterial Lectin RegIIIγ Promotes the Spatial Segregation of Microbiota and Host in the Intestine

Vaishnava, S., Yamamoto, M., Severson, K. M., Ruhn, K. A., Yu, X., Koren, O., Ley, R., Wakeland, E. K., & Hooper, L. V. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209791 · Cited by 1,412

Adenoma–linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated tumour growth

Grivennikov, S. I., Wang, K., Mucida, D., Stewart, C. A., Schnabl, B., Jauch, D., Taniguchi, K., Yu, G.-Y., Österreicher, C. H., Hung, K. E., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11465 · Cited by 1,327

Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Lee, Y. K., Menezes, J. S., Umesaki, Y., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000082107 · Cited by 1,323

The microbiology of butyrate formation in the human colon

Pryde, S. E., Duncan, S. H., Hold, G. L., Stewart, C. S., & Flint, H. J. (2002) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11467.x · Cited by 1,320

Host-Mediated Inflammation Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae

Lupp, C., Robertson, M. L., Wickham, M. E., Sekirov, I., Champion, O. L., Gaynor, E. C., & Finlay, B. B. (2007) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.06.010 · Cited by 1,310

Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination

Berer, K., Mues, M., Koutrolos, M., Rasbi, Z. A., Boziki, M., Johner, C., Wekerle, H., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10554 · Cited by 1,251

Dangerous liaisons: STAT3 and NF-κB collaboration and crosstalk in cancer

Grivennikov, S. I., & Karin, M. (2010) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.005 · Cited by 1,160

Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity

Clarke, T. B., Davis, K. M., Lysenko, E. S., Zhou, A. Y., Yu, Y., & Weiser, J. N. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2087 · Cited by 1,154

Microbial Flora Drives Interleukin 22 Production in Intestinal NKp46+ Cells that Provide Innate Mucosal Immune Defense

Satoh‐Takayama, N., Vosshenrich, C. A. J., Lesjean‐Pottier, S., Sawa, S., Lochner, M., Rattis, F. M., Mention, J., Thiam, K., Cerf–Bensussan, N., Mandelboim, O., et al. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.001 · Cited by 1,133

Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis

Bouskra, D., Brézillon, C., Bérard, M., Werts, C., Varona, R., Boneca, I. G., & Eberl, G. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07450 · Cited by 1,107

Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells

Stappenbeck, T. S., Hooper, L. V., & Gordon, J. I. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.202604299 · Cited by 1,095

Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals

Naik, S., Bouladoux, N., Wilhelm, C., Molloy, M. J., Salcedo, R., Kastenmuller, W., Deming, C., Quinones, M., Koo, L., Conlan, S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225152 · Cited by 1,092

Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 influence colitis

Iliev, I. D., Funari, V. A., Taylor, K. D., Nguyen, Q., Reyes, C. N., Strom, S. P., Brown, J., Becker, C. A., Fleshner, P. R., Dubinsky, M., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1221789 · Cited by 1,073

The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction

Sudo, N., Sawamura, S., Tanaka, K., Aiba, Y., Kubo, C., & Koga, Y. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1739 · Cited by 1,070

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits inflammation to compete with the intestinal microbiota

Stecher, B., Robbiani, R., Walker, A. W., Westendorf, A. M., Barthel, M., Kremer, M., Chaffron, S., Macpherson, A. J., Buer, J., Parkhill, J., et al. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050244 · Cited by 1,048

Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens

Ng, K. M., Ferreyra, J. A., Higginbottom, S. K., Lynch, J. B., Kashyap, P. C., Gopinath, S., Naidu, N., Choudhury, B., Weimer, B. C., Monack, D. M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12503 · Cited by 1,035

Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota

Lathrop, S. K., Bloom, S. M., Rao, S. M., Nutsch, K., Lio, C.-W., Santacruz, N., Peterson, D. A., Stappenbeck, T. S., & Hsieh, C.-S. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10434 · Cited by 1,034

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Epidemiology and Prevention

Gupta, N., Limbago, B. M., Patel, J. B., & Kallen, A. J. (2011) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cir202 · Cited by 1,033

A diversity profile of the human skin microbiotaPreprint

Grice, E. A., Kong, H. H., Renaud, G., Young, A., Bouffard, G. G., Blakesley, R. W., Wolfsberg, T. G., Turner, M. L. C., & Segre, J. A. (2008) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.075549.107 · Cited by 1,026

Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface

Vaishnava, S., Behrendt, C. L., Ismail, A. S., Eckmann, L., & Hooper, L. V. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808723105 · Cited by 1,019

Host-Derived Nitrate Boosts Growth of E. coli in the Inflamed Gut

Winter, S. E., Winter, M. G., Xavier, M. N., Thiennimitr, P., Poon, V., Keestra, A. M., Laughlin, R. C., Gomez, G., Wu, J., Lawhon, S. D., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232467 · Cited by 1,019

Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity

Abt, M. C., Osborne, L. C., Monticelli, L. A., Doering, T. A., Alenghat, T., Sonnenberg, G. F., Paley, M. A., Antenus, M., Williams, K. L., Erikson, J., et al. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.011 · Cited by 993

Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization

Iwase, T., Uehara, Y., Shinji, H., Tajima, A., Seo, H., Takada, K., Agata, T., & Mizunoe, Y. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09074 · Cited by 991

Gender Bias in Autoimmunity Is Influenced by Microbiota

Yurkovetskiy, L., Burrows, M. P., Khan, A. A., Graham, L., Volchkov, P., Becker, L., Antonopoulos, D. A., Umesaki, Y., & Chervonsky, A. V. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.013 · Cited by 943

Virus-Plus-Susceptibility Gene Interaction Determines Crohn's Disease Gene Atg16L1 Phenotypes in Intestine

Cadwell, K., Patel, K., Maloney, N. S., Liu, T., Ng, A., Storer, C. E., Head, R. D., Xavier, R. J., Stappenbeck, T. S., & Virgin, H. W. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.05.009 · Cited by 927

Communicable Ulcerative Colitis Induced by T-bet Deficiency in the Innate Immune System

Garrett, W. S., Lord, G. M., Punit, S., Lugo‐Villarino, G., Mazmanian, S. K., Ito, S., Glickman, J. N., & Glimcher, L. H. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.017 · Cited by 915

Colonization resistance of the digestive tract in conventional and antibiotic-treated mice

van der Waaij, D., Vries, J. M. B.-D., & der Wees, J. E. C. L.-V. (1971) · Journal of Hygiene · doi:10.1017/s0022172400021653 · Cited by 907

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Infections

Murray, B. E. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200003093421007 · Cited by 894

What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?

Blaser, M. J., & Falkow, S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2245 · Cited by 878

Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation

Josefowicz, S. Z., Niec, R. E., Kim, H. Y., Treuting, P. M., Chinen, T., Zheng, Y., Umetsu, D. T., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10772 · Cited by 862

Microbial Dysbiosis in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients

Sobhani, I., Tap, J., Roudot‐Thoraval, F., Roperch, J. P., Letulle, S., Langella, P., Corthier, G., Nhieu, J. T. V., & Furet, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016393 · Cited by 859

Intestinal Bacterial Colonization Induces Mutualistic Regulatory T Cell Responses

Geuking, M. B., Cahenzli, J., Lawson, M. A. E., Ng, D. C. K., Slack, E., Hapfelmeier, S., McCoy, K. D., & Macpherson, A. J. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.021 · Cited by 840

Exogenous Stimuli Maintain Intraepithelial Lymphocytes via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation

Li, Y., Innocentin, S., Withers, D. R., Roberts, N. A., Gallagher, A., Grigorieva, E. F., Wilhelm, C., & Veldhoen, M. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.025 · Cited by 837

Reversible Microbial Colonization of Germ-Free Mice Reveals the Dynamics of IgA Immune Responses

Hapfelmeier, S., Lawson, M. A. E., Slack, E., Kirundi, J. K., Stoel, M., Heikenwalder, M., Cahenzli, J., Velykoredko, Y., Balmer, M. L., Endt, K., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188454 · Cited by 835

IgA Response to Symbiotic Bacteria as a Mediator of Gut Homeostasis

Peterson, D. A., McNulty, N. P., Guruge, J. L., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.013 · Cited by 828

Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development.

Cebra, J. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.5.1046s · Cited by 819

Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease

Lodes, M. J., Cong, Y., Elson, C. O., Mohamath, R., Landers, C. J., Targan, S. R., Fort, M., & Hershberg, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200420295 · Cited by 802

Natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands control organogenesis of intestinal lymphoid follicles

Kiss, E. A., Vonarbourg, C., Kopfmann, S., Hobeika, E., Finke, D., Esser, C., & Diefenbach, A. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214914 · Cited by 801

Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota

Smith, K., McCoy, K. D., & Macpherson, A. J. (2006) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.10.002 · Cited by 789

Enterobacteriaceae Act in Concert with the Gut Microbiota to Induce Spontaneous and Maternally Transmitted Colitis

Garrett, W. S., Gallini, C. A., Yatsunenko, T., Michaud, M., DuBois, A., Delaney, M. L., Punit, S., Karlsson, M., Bry, L., Glickman, J. N., et al. (2010) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.08.004 · Cited by 788

Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3–dependent inflammation after skin injury

Lai, Y., Di Nardo, A., Nakatsuji, T., Leichtle, A., Yang, Y., Cogen, A. L., Wu, Z.-R., Hooper, L. V., Schmidt, R. R., von Aulock, S., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2062 · Cited by 781

Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10–producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3–grabbing nonintegrin

Smits, H. H., Engering, A. J., van der Kleij, D., de Jong, E. C., Schipper, K., van Capel, T. M. M., Zaat, B. A. J., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Wierenga, E. A., & van Kooyk, Y. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.036 · Cited by 778

Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (NIDDK IBDGC), Rivas, M. A., United Kingdom Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium, Beaudoin, M., Gardet, A., Stevens, C., Sharma, Y., Zhang, C. K., Boucher, G., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.952 · Cited by 771

Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5

Uematsu, S., Fujimoto, K., Jang, M. H., Yang, B., Jung, Y.-J., Nishiyama, M., Sato, S., Tsujimura, T., Yamamoto, M., Yokota, Y., et al. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1622 · Cited by 769

Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Anatomical Containment of Lymphoid-Resident Commensal Bacteria

Sonnenberg, G. F., Monticelli, L. A., Alenghat, T., Fung, T. C., Hutnick, N. A., Kunisawa, J., Shibata, N., Grunberg, S., Sinha, R., Zahm, A. M., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1222551 · Cited by 764

Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells

Worbs, T., Bode, U., Yan, S., Hoffmann, M., Hintzen, G., Bernhardt, G., Förster, R., & Pabst, O. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20052016 · Cited by 732

Aberrant expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria in IgA-deficient gut

Suzuki, K., Meek, B., Doi, Y., Muramatsu, M., Chiba, T., Honjo, T., & Fagarasan, S. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307317101 · Cited by 721

Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement

Chieppa, M., Rescigno, M., Huang, A. Y.-C., & Germain, R. N. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20061884 · Cited by 711

Bacterial Imprinting of the Neonatal Immune System: Lessons From Maternal Cells?

Pérez, P. F., Dore, J. M., Leclerc, M., Levenez, F., Benyacoub, J., Serrant, P., Segura-Roggero, I., Schiffrin, E. J., & Donnet‐Hughes, A. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1649 · Cited by 676

Sphingolipids from a Symbiotic Microbe Regulate Homeostasis of Host Intestinal Natural Killer T Cells

An, D., Oh, S. F., Olszak, T., Neves, J. F., Avci, F. Y., Erturk-Hasdemir, D., Lu, X., Zeissig, S., Blumberg, R. S., & Kasper, D. L. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.042 · Cited by 643

Mucus Enhances Gut Homeostasis and Oral Tolerance by Delivering Immunoregulatory Signals

Shan, M., Gentile, M., Yeiser, J. R., Walland, A. C., Bornstein, V. U., Chen, K., He, B., Cassis, L., Bigas, A., Cols, M., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1237910 · Cited by 642

Intestinal Microbiota Promote Enteric Virus Replication and Systemic Pathogenesis

Kuss-Duerkop, S. K., Best, G. T., Etheredge, C. A., Pruijssers, A. J. P., Frierson, J. M., Hooper, L. V., Dermody, T. S., & Pfeiffer, J. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1211057 · Cited by 631

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits

Brandl, K., Plitas, G., Mihu, C. N., Ubeda, C., Jia, T., Fleisher, M., Schnabl, B., DeMatteo, R. P., & Pamer, E. G. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07250 · Cited by 631

Toll-Like Receptor-4 Promotes the Development of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Tumors

Fukata, M., Chen, A., Vamadevan, A. S., Cohen, J., Breglio, K. J., Krishnareddy, S., Hsu, D. S., Xu, R., Harpaz, N., Dannenberg, A. J., et al. (2007) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.09.008 · Cited by 623

Regulation of Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis Through the Adaptor Protein MyD88

Rakoff-Nahoum, S., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140488 · Cited by 594

Preferential Generation of Follicular B Helper T Cells from Foxp3 + T Cells in Gut Peyer's Patches

Tsuji, M., Komatsu, N., Kawamoto, S., Suzuki, K., Kanagawa, O., Honjo, T., Hori, S., & Fagarasan, S. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169152 · Cited by 592

Innate Immune Function by Toll-like Receptors: Distinct Responses in Newborns and the Elderly

Kollmann, T. R., Levy, O., Montgomery, R. R., & Goriely, S. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.014 · Cited by 591

Role of Gut Commensal Microflora in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Ditrio, L. E., Burroughs, A. R., Foureau, D. M., Haque-Begum, S., & Kasper, L. H. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900747 · Cited by 590

Neonatal and early life vaccinology

Siegrist, C. (2001) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00028-7 · Cited by 590

Differential regulation of antiviral T-cell immunity results in stable CD8+ but declining CD4+ T-cell memory

Homann, D., Teyton, L., & Oldstone, M. B. A. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/90950 · Cited by 587

Microbial translocation augments the function of adoptively transferred self/tumor-specific CD8+ T cells via TLR4 signaling

Paulos, C. M., Wrzesinski, C., Kaiser, Hinrichs, C. S., Chieppa, M., Cassard, L., Palmer, D. C., Boni, A., Muranski, P., Yu, Z., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32205 · Cited by 586 · cited 2×

Consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by gut-related microbes

Marcobal, A., Barboza, M., Froehlich, J. W., Block, D. E., German, J. B., Lebrilla, C. B., & Mills, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf9044205 · Cited by 568

Oral tolerance

Weiner, H. L., da Cunha, A. P., Quintana, F. J., & Wu, H. D. (2011) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01017.x · Cited by 561

The Role of Retinoic Acid in Tolerance and Immunity

Hall, J. A., Grainger, J. R., Spencer, S. P., & Belkaid, Y. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.002 · Cited by 559

Coadaptation of Helicobacter pylori and humans: ancient history, modern implications

Atherton, J. C., & Blaser, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci38605 · Cited by 549

Transient Inability to Manage Proteobacteria Promotes Chronic Gut Inflammation in TLR5-Deficient Mice

Carvalho, F. A., Koren, O., Goodrich, J. K., Johansson, M. E. V., Nalbantoglu, I., Aitken, J. D., Su, Y., Chassaing, B., Walters, W. A., González, A., et al. (2012) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.07.004 · Cited by 548

Vitamin D controls T cell antigen receptor signaling and activation of human T cells

von Essen, M. R., Kongsbak‐Wismann, M., Schjerling, P., Ølgaard, K., Ødum, N., & Geisler, C. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1851 · Cited by 547

The oral metagenome in health and disease

Belda‐Ferre, P., Alcaraz, L. D., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Romero, H., Simón‐Soro, Á., Pignatelli, M., & Mira, Á. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.85 · Cited by 540

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells Induce Monocyte Emigration in Response to Circulating Toll-like Receptor Ligands

Shi, C., Jia, T., Méndez‐Ferrer, S., Hohl, T. M., Serbina, N. V., Lipuma, L., Leiner, I. M., Li, M. O., Frenette, P. S., & Pamer, E. G. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.02.016 · Cited by 524

Probiotics Ameliorate Recurrent Th1-Mediated Murine Colitis by Inducing IL-10 and IL-10-Dependent TGF-β-Bearing Regulatory Cells

Giacinto, C. D., Marinaro, M., Sanchez, M., Strober, W., & Boirivant, M. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3237 · Cited by 522

A polysaccharide from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects against CNS demyelinating disease

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Wang, Y., Begum-Haque, S., Dasgupta, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2010) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2010.29 · Cited by 507

Host-Mediated Inflammation Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae

Lupp, C., Robertson, M. L., Wickham, M. E., Sekirov, I., Champion, O. L., Gaynor, E. C., & Finlay, B. B. (2007) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.08.002 · Cited by 501

Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses

Hall, J. A., Bouladoux, N. J., Sun, C., Wohlfert, E. A., Blank, R. B., Zhu, Q., Grigg, M. E., Berzofsky, J. A., & Belkaid, Y. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.08.009 · Cited by 500

Fucose sensing regulates bacterial intestinal colonization

Pacheco, A. R., Curtis, M. M., Ritchie, J. M., Munera, D., Waldor, M. K., Moreira, C. G., & Sperandio, V. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11623 · Cited by 499

Oral tolerance in the absence of naturally occurring Tregs

Mucida, D. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24487 · Cited by 498

Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity Linked to Microbial Translocation in Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

Estes, J. D., Harris, L. D., Klatt, N. R., Tabb, B., Pittaluga, S., Paiardini, M., Barclay, G. R., Smedley, J. V., Pung, R., Oliveira, K. M., et al. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001052 · Cited by 498

Microbial Translocation Across the GI Tract

Brenchley, J. M., & Douek, D. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075001 · Cited by 496

Interleukin 23 production by intestinal CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells in response to bacterial flagellin enhances mucosal innate immune defense

Kinnebrew, M. A., Buffie, C. G., Diehl, G. E., Zenewicz, L. A., Leiner, I., Hohl, T. M., Flavell, R. A., Littman, D. R., & Pamer, E. G. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.12.011 · Cited by 491

Commensal Bacteroides Species Induce Colitis in Host-Genotype-Specific Fashion in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Bloom, S. M., Bijanki, V. N., Nava, G. M., Sun, L., Malvin, N. P., Donermeyer, D. L., Dunne, W. M., Allen, P. M., & Stappenbeck, T. S. (2011) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.04.009 · Cited by 488

The oral microbiota: Living with a permanent guest

Avila, M., Ojcius, D. M., & Yilmaz, Ö. (2009) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2009.0874 · Cited by 482

Identification of Multiple Isolated Lymphoid Follicles on the Antimesenteric Wall of the Mouse Small Intestine

Hamada, H., Hiroi, T., Nishiyama, Y., Takahashi, H., Masunaga, Y., Hachimura, S., Kaminogawa, S., Takahashi‐Iwanaga, H., Iwanaga, T., Kiyono, H., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.57 · Cited by 481

Temporal Variability of Human Vaginal Bacteria and Relationship with Bacterial Vaginosis

Srinivasan, S., Liu, C., Mitchell, C. M., Fiedler, T. L., Thomas, K. K., Agnew, K. J., Marrazzo, J. M., & Fredricks, D. N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010197 · Cited by 471

Intestinal microbiota containing Barnesiella species cures vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonization

Ubeda, C., Bucci, V., Caballero, S., Djukovic, A., Toussaint, N. C., Equinda, M., Lipuma, L., Ling, L., Gobourne, A., No, D., et al. (2013) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01197-12 · Cited by 466

Postnatal acquisition of endotoxin tolerance in intestinal epithelial cells

Lotz, M., Gütle, D., Walther, S., Ménard, S., Bogdan, C., & Hornef, M. W. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20050625 · Cited by 464

Oral tolerance.

Weiner, H. L. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10762 · Cited by 455

Detection of pathogenic intestinal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5 on intestinal CD11c+ lamina propria cells

Uematsu, S., Jang, M. H., Chevrier, N., Guo, Z., Kumagai, Y., Yamamoto, M., Kato, H., Sougawa, N., Matsui, H., Kuwata, H., et al. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1362 · Cited by 450

Environmental enteropathy: critical implications of a poorly understood condition

Korpe, P. S., & Petri, W. A. (2012) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.007 · Cited by 449

A dominant, coordinated T regulatory cell-IgA response to the intestinal microbiota

Cong, Y., Feng, T., Fujihashi, K., Schoeb, T. R., & Elson, C. O. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812681106 · Cited by 445

Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids as modulators of immunity: What relevance for health?

Meijer, K., de Vos, P., & Priebe, M. G. (2010) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32833eebe5 · Cited by 443

Dysregulation of Allergic Airway Inflammation in the Absence of Microbial Colonization

Herbst, T., Sichelstiel, A., Schär, C., Yadava, K., Bürki, K., Cahenzli, J., McCoy, K., Marsland, B. J., & Harris, N. L. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201010-1574oc · Cited by 440

Naturally transmitted segmented filamentous bacteria segregate with diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice

Kriegel, M. A., Sefik, E., Hill, J. A., Wu, H.-J. J., Benoist, C. O., & Mathis, D. J. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1108924108 · Cited by 436

Mucosal antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease are directed against intestinal bacteria.

Macpherson, A. J., Khoo, U. Y., Forgács, I., Philpott‐Howard, J., & Bjarnason, I. (1996) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.38.3.365 · Cited by 435

Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Inhibit T-Cell-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling and Regulation of Microflora

Qiu, J., Guo, X., Chen, Z. E., He, L., Sonnenberg, G. F., Artis, D., Fu, Y., & Zhou, L. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.002 · Cited by 431

Challenges in infant immunity: implications for responses to infection and vaccines

PrabhuDas, M., Adkins, B., Gans, H. A., King, C. L., Levy, O., Ramilo, O., & Siegrist, C. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0311-189 · Cited by 430

Virus-specific CD4(+) memory-phenotype T cells are abundant in unexposed adults

Su, L. F., Kidd, B. A., Han, A., Kotzin, J. J., & Davis, M. M. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.021 · Cited by 429 · cited 3×

MyD88-mediated signaling prevents development of adenocarcinomas of the colon: Role of interleukin 18

Salcedo, R., Worschech, A., Cardone, M., Jones, Y., Gyulai, Z., Dai, R.-M., Wang, E., Ma, W., Haines, D., O'hUigin, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20100199 · Cited by 429

Immunosuppressive CD71+ erythroid cells compromise neonatal host defence against infection

Elahi, S., Ertelt, J. M., Kinder, J. M., Jiang, T. T., Zhang, X., Xin, L., Chaturvedi, V., Strong, B., Qualls, J. E., Steinbrecher, K. A., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12675 · Cited by 421

Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis

Abreu, N. A., Nagalingam, N. A., Song, Y., Roediger, F. C., Pletcher, S. D., Goldberg, A. N., & Lynch, S. V. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003783 · Cited by 415

NLRC4-driven production of IL-1β discriminates between pathogenic and commensal bacteria and promotes host intestinal defense

Franchi, L., Kamada, N., Nakamura, Y., Burberry, A., Kuffa, P., Suzuki, S., Shaw, M. H., Kim, Y., & Núñez, G. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2263 · Cited by 414

Microbial translocation, immune activation, and HIV disease

Klatt, N. R., Funderburg, N., & Brenchley, J. M. (2012) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.09.001 · Cited by 411

Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system

Talham, G. L., Jiang, H.-Q., Bos, N. A., & Cebra, J. J. (1999) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.67.4.1992-2000.1999 · Cited by 408

Butyrate Specifically Down-Regulates Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Gene Expression

Gantois, I., Ducatelle, R., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., Hautefort, I., Thompson, A., Hinton, J. C. D., & Immerseel, F. V. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.1.946-949.2006 · Cited by 394

Thymus-derived regulatory T cells contribute to tolerance to commensal microbiota

Cebula, A., Seweryn, M. T., Rempała, G. A., Pabla, S. S., McIndoe, R., Denning, T. L., Bry, L., Kraj, P. J., Kisielow, P., & Ignatowicz, L. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12079 · Cited by 392

Acute Gastrointestinal Infection Induces Long-Lived Microbiota-Specific T Cell Responses

Hand, T. W., dos Santos, L. M., Bouladoux, N. J., Molloy, M. J., Pagán, A. J., Pepper, M., Maynard, C. L., Elson, C. O., & Belkaid, Y. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1220961 · Cited by 387

MyD88-mediated signals induce the bactericidal lectin RegIIIγ and protect mice against intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection

Brandl, K., Plitas, G., Schnabl, B., DeMatteo, R. P., & Pamer, E. G. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070563 · Cited by 385

Compartmentalized and systemic control of tissue immunity by commensals

Belkaid, Y., & Naik, S. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2604 · Cited by 382

Essential Role for Retinoic Acid in the Promotion of CD4+ T Cell Effector Responses via Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha

Hall, J. A., Cannons, J. L., Grainger, J. R., dos Santos, L. M., Hand, T. W., Naik, S., Wohlfert, E. A., Chou, D. B., Oldenhove, G., Robinson, M., et al. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.003 · Cited by 381

The microbiome of the lung

Beck, J. M., Young, V. B., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2012) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2012.02.005 · Cited by 377

Identifying gut microbe-host phenotype relationships using combinatorial communities in gnotobiotic mice

Faith, J. J., Ahern, P. P., Ridaura, V. K., Cheng, J., & Gordon, J. I. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008051 · Cited by 373

Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease Protection by the Human Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Depends on Polysaccharide A Expression

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Ditrio, L. E., Burroughs, A. R., Begum-Haque, S., Dasgupta, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1001443 · Cited by 367 · cited 3×

Commensal-Induced Regulatory T Cells Mediate Protection against Pathogen-Stimulated NF-κB Activation

O’Mahony, C., Scully, P., O'Mahony, D., Murphy, S., O'Brien, F., Lyons, A., Sherlock, G., MacSharry, J. A., Kiely, B., Shanahan, F., et al. (2008) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000112 · Cited by 365

Lactobacillus reuteri –induced Regulatory T cells Protect against an Allergic Airway Response in Mice

Karimi, K., Inman, M. D., Bienenstock, J., & Forsythe, P. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200806-951oc · Cited by 361

Successful Transmission of a Retrovirus Depends on the Commensal Microbiota

Kane, M., Case, L. K., Kopaskie, K., Kozlova, A., MacDearmid, C., Chervonsky, A. V., & Golovkina, T. V. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210718 · Cited by 360

Increased circulatory levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and zonulin signify novel biomarkers of proinflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes

Jayashree, B., Bibin, Y. S., Prabhu, D., Shanthirani, C. S., Gokulakrishnan, K., Lakshmi, B. S., Mohan, V., & Balasubramanyam, M. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-013-1911-4 · Cited by 353 · cited 2×

Crosstalk between B lymphocytes, microbiota and the intestinal epithelium governs immunity versus metabolism in the gut

Shulzhenko, N., Morgun, A., Hsiao, W., Battle, M., Yao, M., Gavrilova, O., Orandle, M., Mayer, L., Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2505 · Cited by 349

NOD mouse colonies around the world- recent facts and figures

Pozzilli, P., Signore, A., Williams, A. J. K., & Beales, P. E. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90160-m · Cited by 349

Gram-Negative Bacteria Aggravate Murine Small Intestinal Th1-Type Immunopathology following Oral Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Heimesaat, M. M., Bereswill, S., Fischer, A., Fuchs, D., Struck, D., Niebergall, J., Jahn, H.-K., Dunay, I. R., Moter, A., Gescher, D. M., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8785 · Cited by 345

Recent advances in IL-22 biology

Zenewicz, L. A., & Flavell, R. A. (2011) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr001 · Cited by 340

Probiotic‐induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory‐dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma

Feleszko, W., Jaworska, J., Rha, R.-D., Steinhausen, S., Avagyan, A., Jaudszus, A., Ahrens, B., Groneberg, D. A., Wahn, U., & Hamelmann, E. H. (2006) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02629.x · Cited by 339

Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept

for the D.E.S.I.R. Study Group, Amar, J., Sérino, M., Lange, C., Chabo, C., Iacovoni, J. S., Mondot, S., Lepage, P., Klopp, C., Mariette, J., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2329-8 · Cited by 335

Microbiota-induced activation of epithelial IL-6 signaling links inflammasome-driven inflammation with transmissible cancer

Hu, B., Elinav, E., Huber, S., Strowig, T., Hao, L., Hafemann, A., Jin, C., Wunderlich, C. M., Wunderlich, T., Eisenbarth, S. C., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307575110 · Cited by 334

Exploitation of the Intestinal Microflora by the Parasitic Nematode Trichuris muris

Hayes, K. S., Bancroft, A. J., Goldrick, M., Portsmouth, C., Roberts, I. S., & Grencis, R. K. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1187703 · Cited by 330

The Transcription Factor T-bet Regulates Intestinal Inflammation Mediated by Interleukin-7 Receptor+ Innate Lymphoid Cells

Powell, N., Walker, A. W., Stolarczyk, É., Canavan, J. B., Gökmen, R., Marks, E., Jackson, I., Hashim, A., Curtis, M. A., Jenner, R. G., et al. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.008 · Cited by 322

Bacteria-triggered CD4+ T Regulatory Cells Suppress Helicobacter hepaticus–induced Colitis

Kullberg, M. C., Jankovic, D. L., Gorelick, P. L., Caspar, P., Letterio, J. J., Cheever, A. W., & Sher, A. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20020556 · Cited by 322

Human milk oligosaccharide consumption by intestinal microbiota

Marcobal, A. M., & Sonnenburg, J. L. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03863.x · Cited by 317

Inflammatory bowel disease: an immunity-mediated condition triggered by bacterial infection with Helicobacter hepaticus

Cahill, R. J., Foltz, C. J., Fox, J. G., Dangler, C. A., Powrie, F. M., & Schauer, D. B. (1997) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.65.8.3126-3131.1997 · Cited by 317

γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host–microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface

Ismail, A. S., Severson, K. M., Vaishnava, S., Behrendt, C. L., Yu, X., Benjamin, J. L., Ruhn, K. A., Hou, B., DeFranco, A. L., Yarovinsky, F., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1019574108 · Cited by 311

Interleukin-22: A novel T- and NK-cell derived cytokine that regulates the biology of tissue cells

Wolk, K., & Sabat, R. (2006) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.09.001 · Cited by 303

Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease

Rolhion, N., & Darfeuille–Michaud, A. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20176 · Cited by 299

A Key Role of Dendritic Cells in Probiotic Functionality

Foligné, B., Ζουμποπούλου, Γ., Dewulf, J., Younes‐Chennoufi, A. B., Chareyre, F., Sirard, J., Pot, B., & Grangette, C. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000313 · Cited by 292

Serum Immune Responses Predict Rapid Disease Progression among Children with Crohn's Disease: Immune Responses Predict Disease Progression

Dubinsky, M. C., Lin, Y.-C., Dutridge, D., Picornell, Y., Landers, C. J., Farrior, S., Wrobel, I. T., Quiros, A., Vasiliauskas, E. A., Grill, B. B., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00456.x · Cited by 286

Different routes of bacterial infection induce long-lived TH1 memory cells and short-lived TH17 cells

Pepper, M., Linehan, J. L., Pagán, A. J., Zell, T., Dileepan, T., Cleary, P. P., & Jenkins, M. K. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1826 · Cited by 284

IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms

Macpherson, A. J., Hunziker, L., McCoy, K. D., & Lamarre, A. (2001) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01460-5 · Cited by 275

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286

Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

Zheng, D., Liwinski, T., & Elinav, E. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7 · Cited by 3,947

Type I interferons in infectious disease

McNab, F., Mayer-Barber, K., Sher, A., Wack, A., & O'Garra, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3787 · Cited by 2,780

Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Singh, R. K., Chang, H.-W., Yan, D., Lee, K. M., Ucmak, D., Wong, K., Abrouk, M., Farahnik, B., Nakamura, M., Zhu, T. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y · Cited by 2,599

The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Magne, F., Gotteland, M., Gauthier, L., Zazueta, A., Pesoa, S., Navarrete, P., & Balamurugan, R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051474 · Cited by 2,335

Gut microbiota and the immune system and inflammation

Duttaroy, A. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822405-2.00031-1

Microbiota as Immunity Boosting Agent

Ghori, V. L., Aher, V. D., Tripathi, P., Arun, N. V., Tale, V. S., Naresh, P., Raghuwanshi, R. S., & Parthasarathy, S. (2026) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781779640611-4

Comprehension of Immune–Microbiota in the Digestion: Review Article

Gaidan, A. M., Mahdi, D. R., & Al-Mayah, Q. S. (2020) · International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology · doi:10.31033/ijrasb.7.5.45

Роль микробиоты в иммунитете и воспалении

Э.М., Д., & К.А., Д. (2020) · CyberDOI · doi:10.24411/1815-3917-2020-11811 · Cited by 2

Role of the Microbiota in Immune Development

Zhao, Q. S., & Elson, C. O. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.19019-8