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Cited by 1,154Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Microglia development and function

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Nayak, Debasis, Roth, Theodore L., McGavern, Dorian B.·2014·Annual Review of Immunology
DOI 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120240PMC PMC5001846
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Abstract

Proper development and function of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) depend critically on the activity of parenchymal sentinels referred to as microglia. Although microglia were first described as ramified brain-resident phagocytes, research conducted over the past century has expanded considerably upon this narrow view and ascribed many functions to these dynamic CNS inhabitants. Microglia are now considered among the most versatile cells in the body, possessing the capacity to morphologically and functionally adapt to their ever-changing surroundings. Even in a resting state, the processes of microglia are highly dynamic and perpetually scan the CNS. Microglia are in fact vital participants in CNS homeostasis, and dysregulation of these sentinels can give rise to neurological disease. In this review, we discuss the exciting developments in our understanding of microglial biology, from their developmental origin to their participation in CNS homeostasis and pathophysiological states such as neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration, sterile injury responses, and infectious diseases. We also delve into the world of microglial dynamics recently uncovered using real-time imaging techniques.

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  • Microglia can be activated by misfolded proteins and mediate responses through inflammatory pathways, cytotoxicity and changes in plasticity.

    “They can be activated by misfolded proteins, and mediate responses through inflammatory pathways, cytotoxicity and changes in plasticity (Nakajima and Kohsaka, 2001; Nayak et al., 2014).”

    From Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum (2020) · cites this paper as Nayak et al., 2014

    The Neurodegenerative Disease section says abnormal protein aggregates can make microglia reactive and contribute to chronic inflammation. The Neuronal Death and Synaptogenesis sections describe microglial involvement in neuronal death and synaptic plasticity, respectively. The copy does not establish that changes in plasticity are a response to misfolded proteins; its discussion of plasticity concerns homeostatic and developmental functions. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Microglia play a key role in orchestrating the innate immune response of the brain.

    “Microglia play a key role in orchestrating the innate immune response of the brain.”

    From Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum (2020) · cites this paper as Nayak et al., 2014

  • Microglial cells are resident housekeeping phagocytes of the central nervous system with crucial functions in injury response, immune defense, and synaptic remodeling.

    “Microglial cells are resident housekeeping phagocytes of the central nervous system that have a crucial function in injury response, immune defense, and synaptic remodeling [26].”

    From Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nayak, D., Roth, T. L., & McGavern, D. B.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2014-03-21
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
367-402
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
DOI
10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120240
PMC
PMC5001846
OpenAlex
W2098038342
Cited by
1,154
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 92 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 141 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 10
FWCI
4.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ZIANS003112)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
microglia, microglial development, microglial origin, CNS homeostasis, microglial morphology, microglial dynamics, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorders, central nervous system infection, phagocytes
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Microglia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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