Cited by 1,113Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 131 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sleep-Dependent Learning and Memory Consolidation

Open access

Walker, Matthew P., Stickgold, Robert·2004·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.031

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

While the functions of sleep remain largely unknown, one of the most exciting and contentious hypotheses is that sleep contributes importantly to memory. A large number of studies offer a substantive body of evidence supporting this role of sleep in what is becoming known as sleep-dependent memory processing. This review will provide evidence of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and sleep-dependent brain plasticity and is divided into five sections: (1) an overview of sleep stages, memory categories, and the distinct stages of memory development; (2) a review of the specific relationships between sleep and memory, both in humans and animals; (3) a survey of evidence describing sleep-dependent brain plasticity, including human brain imaging studies as well as animal studies of cellular neurophysiology and molecular biology. We close (4) with a consideration of unanswered questions as well as existing arguments against the role of sleep in learning and memory and (5) a concluding summary.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.031

Cites

131 of 131 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages in human subjects
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects
Hobson, J. A. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90021-2 · Cited by 5,215
Memory - A century of consolidation
McGaugh, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.248 · Cited by 4,250
Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036517 · Cited by 3,118
Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle
Aston-Jones, G., & Bloom, F. (1981) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.01-08-00876.1981 · Cited by 1,960
How many memory systems are there?
Tulving, E. (1985) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.40.4.385 · Cited by 1,909
A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory
Eichenbaum, H. (2000) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35036213 · Cited by 1,817
Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems
Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13515 · Cited by 1,327
Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00746-8 · Cited by 1,307
Self-citation
Sleep Cycle Oscillation: Reciprocal Discharge by Two Brainstem Neuronal Groups
Hobson, J. A., McCarley, R. W., & Wyzinski, P. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094539 · Cited by 1,238
Replay of neuronal firing sequences in rat hippocampus during sleep following spatial experience
Skaggs, W. E., & McNaughton, B. L. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5257.1870 · Cited by 1,173
Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep
Louie, K., & Wilson, M. A. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00186-6 · Cited by 1,148
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534 · Cited by 1,026
Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Allan Hobson, J., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01930 · Cited by 1,025
Self-citation
Sleep inspires insight
Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02223 · Cited by 1,012
Dependence on REM Sleep of Overnight Improvement of a Perceptual Skill
Karni, A., Tanne, D., Rubenstein, B. S., Askenasy, J. J. M., & Sagi, D. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036518 · Cited by 1,002
Consolidation in human motor memory
Brashers-Krug, T. M., Shadmehr, R., & Bizzi, E. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382252a0 · Cited by 976
Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.
Llinás, R., & Ribary, U. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078 · Cited by 962
The function of dream sleep
Crick, F., & Mitchison, G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304111a0 · Cited by 865
Learning-dependent increases in sleep spindle density
Gais, S., Mölle, M., Helms, K., & Born, J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06830.2002 · Cited by 859
Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex
Muellbacher, W., Ziemann, U., Wissel, J., Dang, N., Kofler, M., Facchini, S., Boroojerdi, B., Poewe, W., & Hallett, M. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature712 · Cited by 803 · cited 1×
“The stabilization phase of consolidation appears to occur largely during wake (Brash- While these categories offer convenient and distinct separations, in real life they rarely operate in isolation. ers-Krug et al., 1996; Muellbacher et al., 2002; Walker et al., 2003a).”
Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep
Maquet, P., Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Fuchs, S., Petiau, C., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Meulemans, T., et al. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77744 · Cited by 747
Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training
Stickgold, R., James, L., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81756 · Cited by 715
Self-citation
Bidirectional synaptic plasticity induced by a single burst during cholinergic theta oscillation in CA1 in vitro
Huerta, P. T., & Lisman, J. E. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90094-2 · Cited by 673
Extensive and divergent effects of sleep and wakefulness on brain gene expression
Cirelli, C., Gutierrez, C. M., & Tononi, G. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00814-6 · Cited by 627
Emotional memory formation is enhanced across sleep intervals with high amounts of rapid eye movement sleep
Wagner, U., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.36801 · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“emotional salience (Wagner et al., 2001) can”
Sleep-dependent learning: A nap is as good as a night
Mednick, S., Nakayama, K., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1078 · Cited by 594
Self-citation
Sleep forms memory for finger skills
Fischer, S., Hallschmid, M., Elsner, A. L., & Born, J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182178199 · Cited by 589
The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis
Siegel, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063049 · Cited by 568
Visual Discrimination Task Improvement: A Multi-Step Process Occurring During Sleep
Stickgold, R., Whidbee, D., Schirmer, B., Patel, V., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562075 · Cited by 560
Self-citation
Rapid Remodeling of Axonal Arbors in the Visual Cortex
Antonini, A., & Stryker, M. P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8511592 · Cited by 559
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81881 · Cited by 558
Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex
Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P., & Stryker, M. P. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00279-3 · Cited by 523
Why do we sleep?11Published on the World Wide Web on 7 November 2000.
Sejnowski, T. J., & Destexhe, A. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03007-9 · Cited by 489
Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is induced preferentially on the positive phase of θ-rhythm
Pavlides, C., Greenstein, Y. J., Grudman, M., & Winson, J. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91499-0 · Cited by 485
A refined model of sleep and the time course of memory formation
Walker, M. P. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000026 · Cited by 481
Self-citation
Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release during sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats
Marrosu, F., Portas, C., Mascia, M. S., Casu, M. A., Fà, M., Giagheddu, M., Imperato, A., & Gessa, G. L. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01399-3 · Cited by 480
EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism of action
Stickgold, R. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.1129 · Cited by 478
Self-citation
Sleep states and memory processes
Smith, C. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00024-n · Cited by 473
Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language
Fenn, K. M., Nusbaum, H. C., & Margoliash, D. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01951 · Cited by 463
Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning
Dave, A. S., & Margoliash, D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.812 · Cited by 458
Sleep and the Time Course of Motor Skill LearningPreprint
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Seidman, J., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.58503 · Cited by 457
Self-citation
Awareness Modifies the Skill-Learning Benefits of Sleep
Robertson, E. M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Press, D. Z. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.027 · Cited by 450
Synchronized activities of coupled oscillators in the cerebral cortex and thalamus at different levels of vigilance [published erratum appears in Cereb Cortex 1997 Dec;7(8):779]
Steriade, M. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.6.583 · Cited by 429
Low acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep is critical for declarative memory consolidation
Gais, S., & Born, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0305404101 · Cited by 412
Stimulation on the Positive Phase of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm Induces Long-Term Potentiation That Can Be Depotentiated by Stimulation on the Negative Phase in Area CA1 In Vivo
Hölscher, C., Anwyl, R., & Rowan, M. J. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06470.1997 · Cited by 411
Synchronization of fast (30-40 Hz) spontaneous oscillations in intrathalamic and thalamocortical networks
Steriade, M., Contreras, D., Amzica, F., & Timofeev, I. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-08-02788.1996 · Cited by 404
Neural correlates of perceptual learning: A functional MRI study of visual texture discrimination
Schwartz, S., Maquet, P., & Frith, C. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.242414599 · Cited by 388
Multiple shifts in the representation of a motor sequence during the acquisition of skilled performance
Korman, M., Raz, N., Flash, T., & Karni, A. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2035019100 · Cited by 378
Gene expression in the brain across the sleep–waking cycle11Published on the World Wide Web on 30 October 2000.
Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03008-0 · Cited by 372
The restorative effect of naps on perceptual deterioration
Mednick, S. C., Nakayama, K., Cantero, J. L., Atienza, M., Levin, A. A., Pathak, N., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn864 · Cited by 360
Self-citation
Sleep states and memory processes in humans: procedural versus declarative memory systems
Smith, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0164 · Cited by 355
Sleeping brain, learning brain. The role of sleep for memory systems
Peigneux, P., Laureys, S., Delbeuck, X., & Maquet, P. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00001 · Cited by 347
Coherent oscillations and short-term plasticity in corticothalamic networks
Steriade, M. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01407-1 · Cited by 321
Learned material content and acquisition level modulate cerebral reactivation during posttraining rapid-eye-movements sleep
Peigneux, P., Laureys, S., Fuchs, S., Destrebecqz, A., Collette, F., Delbeuck, X., Phillips, C. L. M., Aerts, J. J., Fiore, G. D., Degueldre, C., et al. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00278-7 · Cited by 320
Experience-dependent phase-reversal of hippocampal neuron firing during REM sleep
Poe, G. R., Nitz, D. A., McNaughton, B. L., & Barnes, C. A. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02310-0 · Cited by 318
Sleep-Dependent θ Oscillations in the Human Hippocampus and Neocortex
Cantero, J. L., Atienza, M., Stickgold, R., Kahana, M. J., Madsen, J. R., & Kocsis, B. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-34-10897.2003 · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Sleep-Induced Changes in Associative Memory
Stickgold, R., Scott, L., Rittenhouse, C., & Hobson, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563319 · Cited by 284
Self-citation
Avoidance Task Training Potentiates Phasic Pontine-Wave Density in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity
Datta, S. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-22-08607.2000 · Cited by 273
Cognitive flexibility across the sleep-wake cycle: REM-sleep enhancement of anagram problem solving
Walker, M. P., Liston, C., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00134-9 · Cited by 272
Self-citation
Long-Lasting Novelty-Induced Neuronal Reverberation during Slow-Wave Sleep in Multiple Forebrain Areas
Ribeiro, S., Gervasoni, D., Soares, E. S., Zhou, Y., Lin, S.-C., Pantoja, J., Lavine, M., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020024 · Cited by 272
Brain Gene Expression During REM Sleep Depends on Prior Waking ExperiencePreprint
Ribeiro, S. T. G., Goyal, V., Mello, C. V., & Pavlides, C. (1999) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.6.5.500 · Cited by 264
Replaying the game: hypnagogic images in normals and amnesics
Stickgold, R., Malia, A., Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., & O'Connor, M. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.350 · Cited by 261
Self-citation
Coalescence of sleep rhythms and their chronology in corticothalamic networks.
Steriade, M., & Amzica, F. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 260
Induction of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation during Waking Leads to Increased Extrahippocampalzif-268Expression during Ensuing Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep
Ribeiro, S. T. G., Mello, C. V., Velho, T., Gardner, T. J., Jarvis, E. D., & Pavlides, C. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10914.2002 · Cited by 250
The Time Course of Neural Changes Underlying Auditory Perceptual LearningPreprint
Atienza, M., Cantero, J. L., & Dominguez-Marin, E. (2002) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.46502 · Cited by 248
Cellular and molecular connections between sleep and synaptic plasticity
Benington, J. H., & Frank, M. G. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00018-2 · Cited by 244
Behavioral State Modulation of Auditory Activity in a Vocal Motor System
Dave, A. S., Yu, A. C., & Margoliash, D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2250 · Cited by 230
Short- and long-range neuronal synchronization of the slow (< 1 Hz) cortical oscillation
Amzica, F., & Steriade, M. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.20 · Cited by 230
The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep
Vertes, R. P., & Eastman, K. E. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00004003 · Cited by 228
Sleep and memory: a molecular perspective
Graves, L. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01744-6 · Cited by 216
The Atonia And Myoclonia Of Active (Rem) Sleep
Chase, M. H., & Morales, F. R. (1990) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.003013 · Cited by 215
Impaired motor memory for a pursuit rotor task following Stage 2 sleep loss in college students
SMITH, C., & MACNEILL, C. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00133.x · Cited by 210
Sleep and Memory
Fowler, M. J., Sullivan, M. J., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4070.302 · Cited by 208
Sleep-Related Consolidation of a Visuomotor Skill: Brain Mechanisms as Assessed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Maquet, P., Schwartz, S., Passingham, R. E., & Frith, C. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-04-01432.2003 · Cited by 204
Handbook of Behavioral State Control
(1998) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420048247 · Cited by 162
Activation of Phasic Pontine-Wave Generator Prevents Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation-Induced Learning Impairment in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity
Datta, S., Mavanji, V., Ulloor, J., & Patterson, E. H. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4111-03.2004 · Cited by 162
Rapid Eye Movements and Remembering
EMPSON, J. A. C., & CLARKE, P. R. F. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227287a0 · Cited by 159
Pontogeniculooccipital waves: spontaneous visual system activity during rapid eye movement sleep
Callaway, C. W., Lydic, R., Baghdoyan, H. A., & Hobson, J. A. (1987) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00711551 · Cited by 156
Intracellular and Computational Characterization of the Intracortical Inhibitory Control of Synchronized Thalamic Inputs In Vivo
Contreras, D., Alain Destexhe, A., & Steriade, M. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.335 · Cited by 153
Posttraining Sleep Enhances Automaticity in Perceptual Discrimination
Atienza, M., Cantero, J. L., & Stickgold, R. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892904322755557 · Cited by 151
Self-citation
The Intact and Sliced Brain
Steriade, M. (2001) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3822.001.0001 · Cited by 149
On the Functional Significance of c-fos Induction During the Sleep-waking Cycle
Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2000) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.4.9 · Cited by 139
Patterns of Interference in Sequence Learning and Prism Adaptation Inconsistent With the Consolidation HypothesisPreprint
Goedert, K. M., & Willingham, D. B. (2002) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.50102 · Cited by 132
Intensive language learning and increases in rapid eye movement sleep: evidence of a performance factor
De Koninck, J., Lorrain, D., Christ, G., Proulx, G., & Coulombe, D. (1989) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(89)90018-4 · Cited by 128
Alterations in acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus during sleep-wakefulness detected by intracerebral dialysis
Kametani, H., & Kawamura, H. (1990) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90300-g · Cited by 127
Paradoxical sleep at selective times following training is necessary for learning
SMITH, C., & BUTLER, S. (1982) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90268-2 · Cited by 126
The consolidation hypothesis for REM sleep function: Stress and other confounding factors — A review
Horne, J. A., & McGrath, M. J. (1984) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(84)90001-2 · Cited by 120
Paradoxical sleep: Prolonged augmentation following learning
Fishbein, W., Kastaniotis, C., & Chattman, D. (1974) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90566-6 · Cited by 119
REM sleep and memory consolidation
Tilley, A. J., & Empson, J. A. C. (1978) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(78)90031-5 · Cited by 118
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation modifies expression of long-term potentiation in visual cortex of immature rats.
Shaffery, J. P., Sinton, C. M., Bissette, G., Roffwarg, H. P., & Marks, G. A. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00589-9 · Cited by 114
Influence of Shock Training and Explicit Fear-Conditioned Cues on Sleep Architecture in Mice: Strain Comparison
Sanford, L. D., Tang, X., Ross, R. J., & Morrison, A. R. (2003) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1021051516829 · Cited by 106
Mechanisms Influencing Acquisition and Recall of Motor Memories
Donchin, O., Sawaki, L. A., Madupu, G., Cohen, L. G., & Shadmehr, R. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2114 · Cited by 104
Prolonged Increases in Paradoxical Sleep During and After A voidance-Task Acquisition
Smith, C. T., Young, J., & Young, W. (1980) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/3.1.67 · Cited by 104
Prolonged increases in both PS and number of REMs following a shuttle avoidance task
Smith, C. T., & Lapp, L. (1986) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90479-8 · Cited by 102
Differences in gene expression between sleep and waking as revealed by mRNA differential display
Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (1998) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00057-6 · Cited by 101
Paradoxical sleep deprivation applied two days after end of training retards learning
Smith, C., & Kelly, G. (1988) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90240-5 · Cited by 94
REM sleep modifications following a Morse code learning session in humans
Mandai, O., Guerrien, A., Sockeel, P., Dujardin, K., & Leconte, P. (1989) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90344-2 · Cited by 93
Sleep and sleep electroencephalogram in depressed patients treated with phenelzine
Landolt, H.-P., Raimo, E. B., Schnierow, B. J., Kelsoe, J. R., Rapaport, M. H., & Gillin, J. C. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.3.268 · Cited by 82
Influence of fear conditioning on elicited ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and rapid eye movement sleep.
Sanford, L., Silvestri, A. J., Ross, R. J., & Morrison, A. R. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 81
Firing properties of two types of nucleus raphe dorsalia neurons during the sleep-walking cycle and their responses to sensory stimuli
Shima, K., Nakahama, H., & Yamamoto, M. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91522-2 · Cited by 81
Effect of Rem Sleep Deprivation on Learning and Recall by Humans
Chernik, D. A. (1972) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1972.34.1.283 · Cited by 76
The Effect of REM Deprivation: Is It Detrimental, Beneficial, or Neutral?
Lewin, I., & Glaubman, H. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01303.x · Cited by 74
Ponto-geniculo-occipital-wave suppression amplifies lateral geniculate nucleus cell-size changes in monocularly deprived kittens
Shaffery, J. P., Roffwarg, H. P., Speciale, S. G., & Marks, G. A. (1999) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00027-9 · Cited by 71
The influence of sleep on auditory learning: a behavioral study
Gaab, N., Paetzold, M., Becker, M., Walker, M. P., & Schlaug, G. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200403220-00032 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 68
Ingestion of Ethanol Just Prior to Sleep Onset Impairs Memory for Procedural but not Declarative Tasks
(2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.185 · Cited by 67
REM sleep enhancement induced by different procedures improves memory retention in rats
Wetzel, W., Wagner, T., & Balschun, D. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02890.x · Cited by 60
The sequential hypothesis on sleep function. I. Evidence that the structure of sleep depends on the nature of the previous waking experience
Ambrosini, M. V., Sadile, A. G., Carnevale, U. A. G., M, M., & Giuditta, A. (1988) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90196-5 · Cited by 58
REM Sleep Deprivation in Monocularly Occluded Kittens Reduces the Size of Cells in LGN Monocular Segment
Shaffery, J. P., Oksenberg, A., Marks, G. A., Speciale, S. G., Mihailoff, G. A., & Roffwarg, H. P. (1998) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.8.837 · Cited by 57
Some biochemical and behavioural aspects of the paradoxical sleep window.
Smith, C. T., Tenn, C. C., & Annett, R. D. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0084279 · Cited by 49
Improvement of shuttle-box avoidance following post-training treatment in paradoxical sleep deprivation platforms in rats
Martí‐Nicolovius, M., Portell-Cortés, I., & Morgado-Bernal, I. (1988) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90103-5 · Cited by 49
The Structure of Sleep is Related to the Learning Ability of Rats
Ambrosini, M. V., Mariucci, G., Colarieti, L., Bruschelli, G., Carobi, C., & Giuditta, A. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00493.x · Cited by 49
Untitled work
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 47
Development of learning and memory in mice after brief paradoxical sleep deprivation
Shiromani, P. J., Gutwein, B. M., & Fishbein, W. I. (1979) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90343-3 · Cited by 42
The sequential hypothesis of sleep function. III. The structure of postacquisition sleep in learning and nonlearning rats
Ambrosini, M. V., LANGELLA, M., GIRONICARNEVALE, U., & Giuditta, A. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90134-n · Cited by 40
The effects of moclobemide on nocturnal sleep of depressed patients
Monti, J. M., Alterwain, P., & Monti, D. (1990) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(90)90145-x · Cited by 40
Effects of brofaremine (CGP 11 305A), a short-acting, reversible, and selective inhibitor of MAO-A on sleep, nocturnal penile tumescence and nocturnal hormonal secretion in three healthy volunteers
Steiger, A., Holsboer, F., & Benkert, O. (1987) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00215489 · Cited by 38
Effect of Chronic Phenelzine Treatment on REM Sleep Report of Three Patients
Landolt, H. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00321-9 · Cited by 34
Effects of Long-Term Treatment with the MAO-A Inhibitor Moclobemide on Sleep EEG and Nocturnal Hormonal Secretion in Normal Men
Steiger, A., Benkert, O., & Holsboer, F. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119145 · Cited by 31
Phase-locking of spontaneous and elicited ponto–geniculo–occipital waves is associated with acceleration of hippocampal theta waves during rapid eye movement sleep in cats
Karashima, A., Nakamura, K., Sato, N., Nakao, M., Katayama, N., & Yamamoto, M. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03673-9 · Cited by 31
Effect Of Rapid Eye Movement (dreaming) Sleep Deprivation On Retention Of Avoidance Learning In Rats.
PEARLMAN, C. A. (1969) · Cited by 28
Effect of moclobemide on the psychophysiology of sleep/wake cycles
Minot, R., Luthringer, R., & Macher, J. P. (1993) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199300730-00009 · Cited by 26
Is increase in post-learning paradoxical sleep modified by cueing?
Hennevin, E., & Hars, B. (1987) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(87)90062-3 · Cited by 23
Spatially rearranged vision and REM sleep: a lack of effect.
Zimmerman, J. T., Stoyva, J., & Ml, R. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 19
The tonic aspects of human REM sleep during long-term intensive verbal learning
Meienberg, P. (1977) · Physiological Psychology · doi:10.3758/bf03335326 · Cited by 17
Sentence Memory and Sleep: A Pilot Study
Cipolli, C., & Salzarulo, P. (1979) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/2.2.193 · Cited by 16
Lifetime monoamine oxidase inhibition and sleep
Mendelson, W. B., Cohen, R. M., Campbell, I. C., Murphy, D. L., Gillin, J. C., & Wyatt, R. J. (1982) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90447-6 · Cited by 15
Elicited ponto‐geniculo‐occipital waves by auditory stimuli are synchronized with hippocampal θ‐waves
Karashima, A., Nakamura, K., HORIUCHI, M., Nakao, M., Katayama, N., & Yamamoto, M. (2002) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.01019.x · Cited by 11
Interaction between learning and paradoxical sleep in cats
Oniani, T. N., Lortkipanidze, N. D., & Maisuradze, L. M. (1987) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf01183059 · Cited by 11
Electrical activity of the toad telencephalon during tonic immobility (animal hypnosis).
Hoffmann, A., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 11

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Zimmerman, 1970, Distroted visual feedback and augmented REM sleep, Psychophysiology, 7, 298
Zimmerman, 1978, Spatially rearranged vision and REM sleep, Biol. Psychiatry, 13, 301

Sorted by citations

About Sleep's Role in Memory
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
The organization of recent and remote memories
Frankland, P. W., & Bontempi, B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1607 · Cited by 2,138
“However, the relative contributions of different sleep phases (for example, SLOW-WAVE SLEEP (SWS) and RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) sleep) to the consolidation of declarative and non-declarative memory remain uncertai”
Background
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Stickgold, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04286 · Cited by 1,857
“Evidence supporting sleep-dependent memory consolidation has come from a range of molecular, cellular, physiological and behavioural studies (for a review, see ref”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory
Marshall, L., Helgadóttir, H., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05278 · Cited by 1,792
The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence
Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001185 · Cited by 1,662
“For example, whereas rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been implicated mostly in procedural learning and memory, non-REM (NREM) sleep has been shown to modulate the consolidation of declarative (or explicit) learning and memory (Born et al. 2006; Plihal & Born 1999; Walker & Stickgold 2004).”
Background

See all 1,113

Authors: Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Walker, Matthew P.
Stickgold, Robert
ORCID: Walker, Matthew P.
Stickgold, Robert
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-09
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 121-133
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.031
OpenAlex: W2003226966
Cited by: 1,113
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 2.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3241 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: sleep-dependent memory consolidation, sleep-dependent learning, sleep and memory, sleep stages, memory development, neuroplasticity, sleep neurophysiology, molecular mechanisms of memory
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Learning, Memory, Neuronal Plasticity, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Sleep-Dependent Learning and Memory Consolidation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks