Sleep forms memory for finger skills
Open accessAbstract
Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation of motor skill memories essentially benefits from sleep. Independent of whether placed during daytime or nighttime, sleep after practice enhanced speed of sequence performance on average by 33.5% and reduced error rate by 30.1% as compared with corresponding intervals of wakefulness. The effect of sleep after learning proved to be stable when retesting was postponed for another night, to exclude effects of sleep loss and to assure that all subjects had sufficient sleep before retrieval testing. Also, the consolidating effect of sleep was specific for the motor sequence learned. It did not generalize to a similar sequence containing identical movement segments in a different order. Retention periods of wakefulness improved performance only moderately and only if placed during daytime. The observations demonstrate a critical role of sleep for storing and optimizing motor skills.
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Sleep-dependent gains in skills are more robust under explicit learning conditions than under implicit learning conditions.
“First, sleep-dependent gains in skills are more robust under explicit learning conditions (i.e., the subjects are aware about the skill to be acquired) (383, 664, 1285) compared with implicit learning conditions (385,1003,1122,1128).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [383]
The Methods describe a finger-sequence task with instructions and visual feedback, and the Abstract reports substantial sleep-dependent performance gains. The paper does not compare explicit with implicit learning conditions, so it cannot establish that gains are more robust under explicit learning. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a motor finger sequence tapping task, the amount of REM sleep after learning predicted sleep-dependent improvement in this task.
“In a motor finger sequence tapping task, the amount of REM sleep after learning predicted sleep-dependent improvement in this task (383).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [383]
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- Authors
- Fischer, S., Hallschmid, M., Elsner, A. L., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- ORCID
- Hallschmid, Manfred
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2002-08-22
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 11987-11991
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC129381
- OpenAlex
- W1973474480
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 8.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- sleep-dependent memory consolidation, motor skill learning, motor memory, sleep timing, motor skill retention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Fingers, Humans, Memory, Motor Activity, Sleep
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