Plasma oxytocin levels in autistic children
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Social impairments are central to the syndrome of autism. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been implicated in the regulation of social behavior in animals but has not yet been examined in autistic subjects. METHODS: To determine whether autistic children have abnormalities in OT, midday plasma samples from 29 autistic and 30 age-matched normal children, all prepubertal, were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for levels of OT. RESULTS: Despite individual variability and overlapping group distributions, the autistic group had significantly lower plasma OT levels than the normal group. OT increased with age in the normal but not the autistic children. Elevated OT was associated with higher scores on social and developmental measures for the normal children, but was associated with lower scores for the autistic children. These relationships were strongest in a subset of autistic children identified as aloof. CONCLUSIONS: Although making inferences to central OT functioning from peripheral measurement is difficult, the data suggest that OT abnormalities may exist in autism, and that more direct investigation of central nervous system OT function is warranted.
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Innocuous somatosensory stimulation such as touch, warm temperature, vibration, and electroacupuncture increase oxytocin levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
“Innocuous somatosensory stimulation such as touch, warm temperature, vibration, and electroacupuncture increase oxytocin levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid [91, 92].”
From Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior (2009) · cites this paper as [92]
Lower levels of plasma oxytocin have been reported in populations with ASD.
“Lower levels of plasma oxytocin [185] and abnormal serotonin concentrations in the brain and tissues outside the blood-brain barrier have been reported in populations with ASD [186,187].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [185]
Plasma levels of OT vary with autism spectrum disorder, parenting styles, and major depression.
“For example, plasma levels of OT appear to vary with autism spectrum disorder (Modahl et al., 1998), parenting styles (Feldman et al., 2007;Gordon et al., 2010) and major depression (Parker et al., 2010).”
From The effect of oxytocin on cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma depends on the social context and a person's social value orientation (2014) · cites this paper as Modahl et al., 1998
OT plasma concentration is significantly lower in patients with ASD than in healthy subjects.
“Studies in our lab and others have found that OT plasma concentration is significantly lower in patients with ASD than in healthy subjects (Andari et al. 2010; Modahl et al. 1998).”
From A precision medicine approach to oxytocin trials (2017) · cites this paper as Modahl et al. 1998
A subgroup of ASD affected children appeared to have lower plasma OT levels.
“A subgroup of ASD affected children also appeared to have lower plasma OT levels (Modahl et al., 1998).”
From Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Modahl et al., 1998
Oxytocin levels in individuals with ASD are lower than those in typically developing individuals.
“Oxytocin levels in individuals with ASD are lower than those in typically developing individuals.54, 55”
From Oxytocin efficacy is modulated by dosage and oxytocin receptor genotype in young adults with high-functioning autism: a 24-week randomized clinical trial (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
Lower average blood plasma oxytocin concentrations are found in individuals with ASD relative to controls.
“two studies have found lower average levels of blood plasma concentrations of oxytocin in individuals with ASD relative to controls [166,167]”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [167]
There is attenuation of oxytocin in ASD, evidenced by abnormalities in oxytocin peptide and plasma levels, the OXTR gene, oxytocin receptors, and epigenetic mechanisms.
“Further evidence of attenuation of oxytocin in ASD comes from abnormalities in oxytocin peptide and plasma levels (Green et al., 2001, Modahl et al., 1998)”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Modahl et al., 1998
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“Specifically, plasma/serum (Rubin et al., 2014), saliva (Fujisawa et al., 2014), urine (Hoffman et al., 2012) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Sasayama et al., 2012) OT and ADH levels have been recently tested as putative biomarkers in ASD (Alabdali et al., 2014; Boso et al., 2007; Modahl et al., 1998), Psychosis (Elman…”
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Oxytocin׳s role in anxiety: A critical appraisal
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Maternal behavior and developmental psychopathology
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Oxytocin and experimental therapeutics in autism spectrum disorders
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Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the motivational forces that drive social behaviors
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Neuropeptides and the social brain: potential rodent models of autism
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Autism and Oxytocin: New Developments in Translational Approaches to Therapeutics
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Overview of human oxytocin research
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Intranasal oxytocin effects on social cognition: A critique
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CD38 and its role in oxytocin secretion and social behavior
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- Authors
- Modahl, C., Green, L. A., Fein, D., Morris, M., Waterhouse, L., Feinstein, C., & Levin, H.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 270-277
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997120050
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 13.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl043178-09)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-43178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, oxytocin, plasma oxytocin, social dysfunction, social behavior, developmental outcomes, age differences, neuropeptides, prepubertal children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxytocin, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Radioimmunoassay
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