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Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addiction
Abstract
Drug addiction can be conceptualized as a disturbance of behavior motivated by drug-conditioned incentives. This abnormality has been explained by Incentive-Sensitization and Allostatic-Counteradaptive theories as the result of non-associative mechanisms acting at the stage of the expression of incentive motivation and responding for drug reinforcement. Each one of these theories, however, does not account per se for two basic properties of the motivational disturbance of drug addiction: (1). focussing on drug- at the expenses of non-drug-incentives; (2). virtual irreversibility. To account for the above aspects we have proposed an associative learning hypothesis. According to this hypothesis the basic disturbance of drug addiction takes place at the stage of acquisition of motivation and in particular of Pavlovian incentive learning. Drugs share with non-drug rewards the property of stimulating dopamine (DA) transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell but this effect does not undergo habituation upon repeated drug exposure, as instead is the case of non-drug rewards. Repetitive, non-decremental stimulation of DA transmission by drugs in the nucleus accumbens septi (NAc) shell abnormally strengthens stimulus-drug associations. Thus, stimuli contingent upon drug reward acquire powerful incentive properties after a relatively limited number of predictive associations with the drug and become particularly resistant to extinction. Non-contingent occurrence of drug-conditioned incentive cues or contexts strongly facilitates and eventually reinstates drug self-administration. Repeated drug exposure also induces a process of sensitization of drug-induced stimulation of DA transmission in the NAc core. The precise significance of this adaptive change for the mechanism of drug addiction is unclear given the complexity and uncertainties surrounding the role of NAc core DA in responding but might be more directly related to instrumental performance.
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In the citing paper
“This neural system comprises subcortical and cortical structures that are major sites of dopamine action, and include primarily the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens) (e.g., Di Chiara, 2002; Di Chiara and Bassareo, 2007; McClure et al., 2004; Schultz et al., 1998; Wise, 2004) and the medial and orbital prefrontal cortices (Jensen et al., 2003; Kringelbach, 2005).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Di Chiara, 2002
In the citing paper
“The primary subcortical brain target is the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which is considered the center of the reward circuitry and heavily implicated in substance use and craving [18–22].”
In the citing paper
“To date, much of the functional analysis of the nucleus accumbens has focused on the differences between the accumbens core and shell, and many studies found that the core and shell are involved in different functions (Di Chiara, 2002; Kelley, 2004; Everitt and Robbins, 2005).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Di Chiara, 2002
In the citing paper
“Since our review (Ikemoto and Panksepp, 1999), many studies have been conducted providing rich data indicating differential functions between the medial portion of the nucleus accumbens shell and the core in appetitive tasks (see Di Chiara, 2002; Kelley, 2004; Everitt and Robbins, 2005).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Di Chiara, 2002
In the citing paper
“Indeed, behavioral data indicate otherwise (Di Chiara, 2002; Kelley, 2004; Everitt and Robbins, 2005, Yin and Knowlton, 2006).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Di Chiara, 2002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Di Chiara, G.
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 75-114
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980890656
- Cited by
- 996
- References
- 300
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- nucleus accumbens shell, nucleus accumbens core, dopamine, drug addiction, incentive sensitization, self-administration, reinstatement, extinction, habituation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Brain Mapping, Conditioning, Classical, Dopamine, Humans, Motivation, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Nucleus Accumbens, Behavior, Addictive, Prefrontal Cortex, Substance-Related Disorders, Rats
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