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Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood.

Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, Morrow, Jannay, Fredrickson, Barbara L.·1993·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.20

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Abstract

We examined the relationship between ruminative and distracting styles of responding to depressed mood and the duration of mood. Seventy-nine subjects kept accounts of their moods and responses to their moods for 30 consecutive days. The majority of subjects (83%) showed consistent styles of responding to depressed mood. Regression analyses suggested that the more ruminative responses subjects engaged in, the longer their periods of depressed mood, even after taking into account the initial severity of the mood. In addition, women were more likely than men to have a ruminative response style and on some measures to have more severe and long-lasting periods of depression.

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“Although rumination has long been understood as an important factor in the etiology and maintenance of mood disorders (Just & Alloy, 1997; NolenHoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1993; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994; NolenHoeksema et al., 2008) and, increasingly, of anxiety pathology (Blagden & Craske, 1996; Mellings…”
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Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Morrow, Jannay
Fredrickson, Barbara L.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1993-02
Volume: 102
Issue: 1
Pages: 20-28
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.20
OpenAlex: W2026403155
Cited by: 1,212
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 64
FWCI: 16.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: depressive mood, response styles, sex differences
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Assessment

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Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood.

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