The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional gamma‐secretase inhibitors reduce beta‐amyloid peptide levels in brain
Open accessAbstract
Converging lines of evidence implicate the beta‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) as causative in Alzheimer's disease. We describe a novel class of compounds that reduce Aβ production by functionally inhibiting γ‐secretase, the activity responsible for the carboxy‐terminal cleavage required for Aβ production. These molecules are active in both 293 HEK cells and neuronal cultures, and exert their effect upon Aβ production without affecting protein secretion, most notably in the secreted forms of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Oral administration of one of these compounds, N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester, to mice transgenic for human APP V717F reduces brain levels of Aβ in a dose‐dependent manner within 3 h. These studies represent the first demonstration of a reduction of brain Aβ in vivo. Development of such novel functional γ‐secretase inhibitors will enable a clinical examination of the Aβ hypothesis that Aβ peptide drives the neuropathology observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vassar, R., Bennett, B. D., Babu-Khan, S., Kahn, S., Mendiaz, E. A., Denis, P., Teplow, D. B., Ross, S., Amarante, P., Loeloff, R., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5440.735 · Cited by 3,876
Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F β-amyloid precursor protein
Games, D., Adams, D., Alessandrini, R., Barbour, R., Borthelette, P., Blackwell, C., Carr, T., Clemens, J., Donaldson, T., Gillespie, F., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/373523a0 · Cited by 2,516
Self-citationAmyloid β-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism
Haass, C., Schlossmacher, M. G., Hung, A. Y., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Mellon, A., Ostaszewski, B. L., Lieberburg, I., Koo, E. H., Schenk, D., Teplow, D. B., et al. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359322a0 · Cited by 1,921
Self-citationCitron, M., Oltersdorf, T., Haass, C., McConlogue, L., Hung, A. Y., Seubert, P., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Lieberburg, I., & Selkoe, D. J. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360672a0 · Cited by 1,757
Self-citationIsolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids
Seubert, P., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Esch, F., Lee, M., Dovey, H., Davis, D., Sinha, S., Schiossmacher, M., Whaley, J., Swindlehurst, C., et al. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359325a0 · Cited by 1,731
Self-citationTurnover of Amyloid β-Protein in Mouse Brain and Acute Reduction of Its Level by Phorbol Ester
Savage, M. J., Trusko, S. P., Howland, D. S., Pinsker, L. R., Mistretta, S., Reaume, A. G., Greenberg, B. D., Siman, R., & Scott, R. W. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-05-01743.1998 · Cited by 213
Cells with a familial Alzheimerʼs disease mutation produce authentic β-peptide
Dovey, H. F., Suomensaari-Chrysler, S., Lieberburg, I., Sinha, S., & Keim, P. S. (1993) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199308000-00011 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Cited by
Blennow, K., de Leon, M. J., & Zetterberg, H. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69113-7 · Cited by 3,134
Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis
Hellström, M., Phng, L.-K., Hofmann, J. J., Wallgard, E., Coultas, L., Lindblom, P., Alva, J., Nilsson, A.-K., Karlsson, L., Gaiano, N., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05571 · Cited by 1,775
The surface of articular cartilage contains a progenitor cell population
Dowthwaite, G. P., Bishop, J. C., Redman, S. N., Khan, I. M., Rooney, P., Evans, D. J. R., Haughton, L., Bayram, Z., Boyer, S., Thomson, B., et al. (2004) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.00912 · Cited by 916
The secretases: enzymes with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer disease
De Strooper, B., Vassar, R., & Golde, T. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.218 · Cited by 799
Oddo, S., Billings, L., Kesslak, J. P., Cribbs, D. H., & LaFerla, F. M. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.07.003 · Cited by 780
Direct inhibition of the NOTCH transcription factor complex
Moellering, R. E., Cornejo, M., Davis, T. N., Bianco, C. D., Aster, J. C., Blacklow, S. C., Kung, A. L., Gilliland, D. G., Verdine, G. L., & Bradner, J. E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08543 · Cited by 752
The role of microglia in amyloid clearance from the AD brain
Lee, C. Y. D., & Landreth, G. E. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0433-4 · Cited by 701
Notch mediates TGFα-induced changes in epithelial differentiation during pancreatic tumorigenesis
Miyamoto, Y., Maitra, A., Ghosh, B., Zechner, U., Argani, P., Iacobuzio-Donahue, C. A., Sriuranpong, V., Iso, T., Meszoely, I. M., Wolfe, M. S., et al. (2003) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00140-5 · Cited by 643
Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathology to Therapeutic Approaches
Jakob‐Roetne, R., & Jacobsen, H. (2009) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200802808 · Cited by 626
Geling, A., Steiner, H., Willem, M., Bally‐Cuif, L., & Haass, C. (2002) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf124 · Cited by 497
Klunk, W. E., Bacskai, B. J., Mathis, C. A., Kajdasz, S. T., McLellan, M. E., Frosch, M. P., Debnath, M. L., Holt, D. P., Wang, Y., & Hyman, B. T. (2002) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/61.9.797 · Cited by 412
The amyloid cascade hypothesis: are we poised for success or failure?
Karran, E., & De Strooper, B. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13632 · Cited by 402
Cirrito, J. R., May, P. C., O'Dell, M. A., Taylor, J. W., Parsadanian, M., Cramer, J. W., Audia, J. E., Nissen, J. S., Bales, K. R., Paul, S. M., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-26-08844.2003 · Cited by 394
Self-citationQi-Takahara, Y., Morishima-Kawashima, M., Tanimura, Y., Dolios, G., Hirotani, N., Horikoshi, Y., Kametani, F., Maeda, M., Saido, T. C., Wang, R., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1575-04.2005 · Cited by 391
Liao, Y.-F., Wang, B.-J., Cheng, H.-T., Kuo, L.-H., & Wolfe, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m402034200 · Cited by 389
May, P. C., Dean, R. A., Lowe, S. L., Martenyi, F., Sheehan, S. M., Boggs, L. N., Monk, S. A., Mathes, B. M., Mergott, D. J., Watson, B. M., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3647-11.2011 · Cited by 336
Self-citationSharma, P., Srivastava, P., Seth, A., Tripathi, P. N., Banerjee, A. G., & Shrivastava, S. K. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006 · Cited by 331
A γ‐secretase inhibitor decreases amyloid‐β production in the central nervous system
Bateman, R. J., Siemers, E. R., Mawuenyega, K. G., Wen, G., Browning, K. R., Sigurdson, W. C., Yarasheski, K. E., Friedrich, S. W., DeMattos, R. B., May, P. C., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21623 · Cited by 322
Self-citationRecognition of the amyloid precursor protein by human γ-secretase
Zhou, R., Yang, G., Guo, X., Zhou, Q., Lei, J., & Shi, Y. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw0930 · Cited by 304
Amyloid β-induced Changes in Nitric Oxide Production and Mitochondrial Activity Lead to Apoptosis
Keil, U., Bonert, A., Marques, C. A., Scherping, I., Weyermann, J., Strosznajder, J. B., Müller-Spahn, F., Haass, C., Czech, C., Pradier, L., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m405600200 · Cited by 287
Kinoshita, A., Fukumoto, H., Shah, T., Whelan, C. M., Irizarry, M. C., & Hyman, B. T. (2003) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.00643 · Cited by 284
Farris, W., Mansourian, S., Leissring, M. A., Eckman, E. A., Bertram, L., Eckman, C. B., Tanzi, R. E., & Selkoe, D. J. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63229-4 · Cited by 269
May, P., Reddy, Y. K., & Herz, J. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m201979200 · Cited by 260
Self-citationQi, Y., Zhang, X.-J., Renier, N., Wu, Z., Atkin, T., Sun, Z., Ozair, M. Z., Tchieu, J., Zimmer, B., Fattahi, F., et al. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3777 · Cited by 248
Amyloid precursor protein secretases as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury
Loane, D. J., Pocivavsek, A., Moussa, C. E.-H., Thompson, R., Matsuoka, Y., Faden, A. I., Rebeck, G. W., & Burns, M. P. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1940 · Cited by 246
Sha, Z., & Goldberg, A. L. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.004 · Cited by 215
Learning and Memory in Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease
Ashe, K. H. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.43701 · Cited by 224
May, P. C., Willis, B. A., Lowe, S. L., Dean, R. A., Monk, S. A., Cocke, P. J., Audia, J. E., Boggs, L. N., Borders, A. R., Brier, R. A., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4129-14.2015 · Cited by 206
Self-citationLichtenthaler, S. F., Dominguez, D.-I., Westmeyer, G. G., Reiss, K., Haass, C., Saftig, P., De Strooper, B., & Seed, B. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m303861200 · Cited by 206
Single-cell gene profiling defines differential progenitor subclasses in mammalian neurogenesis
Kawaguchi, A., Ikawa, T., Kasukawa, T., Ueda, H. R., Kurimoto, K., Saitou, M., & Matsuzaki, F. (2008) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.022616 · Cited by 193
Tumor necrosis factor α Inhibition for Alzheimer’s Disease
Chang, R., Yee, K.-L., & Sumbria, R. K. (2017) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573517709278 · Cited by 195
Kienlen-Campard, P., Miolet, S., Tasiaux, B., & Octave, J.-N. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m200887200 · Cited by 187
Kitazawa, M., Medeiros, R., & M. LaFerla, F. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212799315786 · Cited by 178
Hoey, S. E., Williams, R. J., & Perkinton, M. S. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6017-08.2009 · Cited by 178
Alzheimer disease therapy: Can the amyloid cascade be halted?
Golde, T. E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17527 · Cited by 164
Barten, D. M., Guss, V. L., Corsa, J. A., Loo, A., Hansel, S. B., Zheng, M., Munoz, B., Srinivasan, K., Wang, B., Robertson, B. J., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.104.075408 · Cited by 159
Self-citationProteomic Profiling of γ-Secretase Substrates and Mapping of Substrate Requirements
Hemming, M. L., Elias, J. E., Gygi, S. P., & Selkoe, D. J. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060257 · Cited by 153
Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: phenotype and application.
(2003) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/01.fbp.0000088420.18414.ff · Cited by 147
Axon- or dendrite-predominant outgrowth induced by constituents from Ashwagandha
Kuboyama, T., Tohda, C., Zhao, J., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., & Komatsu, K. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200210070-00005 · Cited by 146
Astrocytes Negatively Regulate Neurogenesis Through the Jagged1‐Mediated Notch Pathway
Wilhelmsson, U., Faiz, M., de Pablo, Y., Sjöqvist, M., Andersson, D., Widestrand, Å., Potokar, M., Stenovec, M., Smith, P. L. P., Shinjyo, N., et al. (2012) · STEM CELLS · doi:10.1002/stem.1196 · Cited by 145
Differential glycosylation regulates processing of lipoprotein receptors by γ-secretase
May, P., Bock, H. H., Nimpf, J., & Herz, J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305858200 · Cited by 142
Self-citationMaking the final cut: Pathogenic amyloid-β peptide generation by γ-secretase
Steiner, H., Fukumori, A., Tagami, S., & Okochi, M. (2018) · Cell Stress · doi:10.15698/cst2018.11.162 · Cited by 133
Kostylev, M. A., Kaufman, A. C., Nygaard, H. B., Patel, P., Haas, L. T., Gunther, E. C., Vortmeyer, A., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.643577 · Cited by 133
Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path forward
Cavanaugh, S. E. (2014) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.1310071 · Cited by 132
Tackenberg, C., & Brandt, R. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3590-09.2009 · Cited by 127
Bittner, T., Fuhrmann, M., Burgold, S., Jung, C. K. E., Volbracht, C., Steiner, H., Mitteregger, G., Kretzschmar, H. A., Haass, C., & Herms, J. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2288-09.2009 · Cited by 123
Martín-Maestro, P., Gargini, R., A. Sproul, A., García, E., Antón, L. C., Noggle, S., Arancio, O., Avila, J., & García-Escudero, V. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00291 · Cited by 120
Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of the Interleukin-1 Receptor II by α-, β-, and γ-Secretase
Kuhn, P.-H., Marjaux, E., Imhof, A., De Strooper, B., Haass, C., & Lichtenthaler, S. F. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m700356200 · Cited by 120
Learning by Failing: Ideas and Concepts to Tackle γ-Secretases in Alzheimer's Disease and Beyond
De Strooper, B., & Chávez Gutiérrez, L. (2015) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124309 · Cited by 119
Alzheimer's disease pathology is attenuated in a CD 38‐deficient mouse model
Blacher, E., Dadali, T., Bespalko, A., Haupenthal, V. J., Grimm, M. O. W., Hartmann, T., Lund, F. E., Stein, R., & Levy, A. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24425 · Cited by 117
Insights into the mechanisms of action of anti‐Aβ antibodies in Alzheimer's disease mouse models
Levites, Y., Smithson, L. A., Price, R. W., Dakin, R. S., Yuan, B., Sierks, M. R., Kim, J., McGowan, E., Kim Reed, D., Rosenberry, T. L., et al. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-6463fje · Cited by 113
The intracellular domain of CD44 promotes the fusion of macrophages
Cui, W. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-05-1902 · Cited by 110
Fang, F., Yu, Q., Arancio, O., Chen, D., Gore, S. S., Yan, S. S., & Yan, S. F. (2018) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy017 · Cited by 103
Apolipoprotein E modulates γ‐secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein
Irizarry, M. C., Deng, A., Lleo, A., Berezovska, O., Von Arnim, C. A. F., Martin‐Rehrmann, M., Manelli, A., LaDu, M. J., Hyman, B. T., & Rebeck, G. W. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02581.x · Cited by 89
Abramowski, D., Wiederhold, K.-H., Furrer, U., Jaton, A.-L., Neuenschwander, A., Runser, M.-J., Danner, S., Reichwald, J., Ammaturo, D., Staab, D., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.108.140327 · Cited by 89
Cao, Q., Shin, W. S., Chan, H., Vuong, C. K., Dubois, B., Li, B., Murray, K. A., Sawaya, M. R., Feigon, J., Black, D. L., et al. (2018) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-018-0147-z · Cited by 75
Fuentealba, R. A., Barría, M. I., Lee, J., Cam, J., Araya, C., Escudero, C. A., Inestrosa, N. C., Bronfman, F. C., Bu, G., & Marzolo, M.-P. (2007) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-2-14 · Cited by 70
Zhu, L., Zhong, M., Zhao, J., Rhee, H., Caesar, I., Knight, E. M., Volpicelli-Daley, L., Bustos, V., Netzer, W., Liu, L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.504365 · Cited by 70
Non-canonical Notch signaling represents an ancestral mechanism to regulate neural differentiation
Layden, M. J., & Martindale, M. Q. (2014) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/2041-9139-5-30 · Cited by 68
Wu, Y., Du, S., Bimler, L. H., Mauk, K. E., Lortal, L., Kichik, N., Griffiths, J. S., Osicka, R., Song, L., Polsky, K., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113240 · Cited by 67
Vevea, J. D., Kusick, G. F., Courtney, K. C., Chen, E., Watanabe, S., & Chapman, E. R. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67261 · Cited by 51
Scientific Validation of Human Neurosphere Assays for Developmental Neurotoxicity Evaluation
Koch, K., Bartmann, K., Hartmann, J., Kapr, J., Klose, J., Kuchovská, E., Pahl, M., Schlüppmann, K., Zühr, E., & Fritsche, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2022.816370 · Cited by 48
Haugabook, S. J., Yager, D. M., Eckman, E. A., Golde, T. E., Younkin, S. G., & Eckman, C. B. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00388-0 · Cited by 39
Campbell, W. A., Reed, M. L. O., Strahle, J., Wolfe, M. S., & Xia, W. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01799.x · Cited by 35
Progress in the development of new drugs in Alzheimer's disease
Piau, A., Nourhashémi, F., Hein, C., Caillaud, C., & Vellas, B. (2011) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0012-x · Cited by 32
Rudan Njavro, J., Klotz, J., Dislich, B., Wanngren, J., Shmueli, M. D., Herber, J., Kuhn, P., Kumar, R., Koeglsperger, T., Conrad, M., et al. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201902347r · Cited by 28
Hitschler, L., & Lang, T. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101911 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Dovey, H. F., John, V., Anderson, J. P., Chen, L. Z., De Saint Andrieu, P., Fang, L. Y., Freedman, S. B., Folmer, B., Goldbach, E., Holsztynska, E. J., Hu, K. L., Johnson‐Wood, K. L., Kennedy, S. L., Kholodenko, D., Knops, J. E., Latimer, L. H., Lee, M., Liao, Z., Lieberburg, I. M., Motter, R. N., Mutter, L. C., Nietz, J., Quinn, K. P., Sacchi, K. L., Seubert, P. A., Shopp, G. M., Thorsett, E. D., Tung, J. S., Wu, J., Yang, S., Yin, C. T., Schenk, D. B., May, P. C., Altstiel, L. D., Bender, M. H., Boggs, L. N., Britton, T. C., Clemens, J. C., Czilli, D. L., Dieckman‐McGinty, D. K., Droste, J. J., Fuson, K. S., Gitter, B. D., Hyslop, P. A., Johnstone, E. M., Li, W., Little, S. P., Mabry, T. E., Miller, F. D., Ni, B., Nissen, J. S., Porter, W. J., Potts, B. D., Reel, J. K., Stephenson, D., Su, Y., Shipley, L. A., Whitesitt, C. A., Yin, T., & Audia, J. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 173-181
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W1754645121
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 30.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.