Cited by 4,302Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsEpigenetics and DNA MethylationChromatin Remodeling and Cancer

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state

Open access

Abstract

Developmental programs are controlled by transcription factors and chromatin regulators, which maintain specific gene expression programs through epigenetic modification of the genome. These regulatory events at enhancers contribute to the specific gene expression programs that determine cell state and the potential for differentiation into new cell types. Although enhancer elements are known to be associated with certain histone modifications and transcription factors, the relationship of these modifications to gene expression and developmental state has not been clearly defined. Here we interrogate the epigenetic landscape of enhancer elements in embryonic stem cells and several adult tissues in the mouse. We find that histone H3K27ac distinguishes active enhancers from inactive/poised enhancer elements containing H3K4me1 alone. This indicates that the amount of actively used enhancers is lower than previously anticipated. Furthermore, poised enhancer networks provide clues to unrealized developmental programs. Finally, we show that enhancers are reset during nuclear reprogramming.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1016071107

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 22

  1. ND Heintzman, B Ren, Finding distal regulatory elements in the human genome. Curr Opin Genet Dev 19, 541–549 (2009). · DOI
  2. M Bulger, M Groudine, Looping versus linking: Toward a model for long-distance gene activation. Genes Dev 13, 2465–2477 (1999). · DOI
  3. D Boffelli, MA Nobrega, EM Rubin, Comparative genomics at the vertebrate extremes. Nat Rev Genet 5, 456–465 (2004). · DOI
  4. S Heinz, et al., Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities. Mol Cell 38, 576–589 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
  5. E Birney, et al., Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature 447, 799–816 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
  6. H Xi, et al., Identification and characterization of cell type-specific and ubiquitous chromatin regulatory structures in the human genome. PLoS Genet 3, e136 (2007). · DOI
  7. A Visel, et al., ChIP-seq accurately predicts tissue-specific activity of enhancers. Nature 457, 854–858 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  8. J Xu, et al., Transcriptional competence and the active marking of tissue-specific enhancers by defined transcription factors in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Genes Dev 23, 2824–2838 (2009). · DOI
  9. K Cui, et al., Chromatin signatures in multipotent human hematopoietic stem cells indicate the fate of bivalent genes during differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 4, 80–93 (2009). · DOI
  10. F Tie, et al., CBP-mediated acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 antagonizes Drosophila Polycomb silencing. Development 136, 3131–3141 (2009). · DOI
  11. A Marson, et al., Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells. Cell 134, 521–533 (2008). · DOI
  12. X Chen, et al., Integration of external signaling pathways with the core transcriptional network in embryonic stem cells. Cell 133, 1106–1117 (2008). · DOI
  13. MP Creyghton, et al., H2AZ is enriched at polycomb complex target genes in ES cells and is necessary for lineage commitment. Cell 135, 649–661 (2008). · DOI
  14. AC Seila, et al., Divergent transcription from active promoters. Science 322, 1849–1851 (2008). · DOI
  15. KS Zaret, et al., Pioneer factors, genetic competence, and inductive signaling: Programming liver and pancreas progenitors from the endoderm. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 73, 119–126 (2008). · DOI
  16. ED Wederell, et al., Global analysis of in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in mouse adult liver using massively parallel sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 36, 4549–4564 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
  17. W Reith, et al., Congenital immunodeficiency with a regulatory defect in MHC class II gene expression lacks a specific HLA-DR promoter binding protein, RF-X. Cell 53, 897–906 (1988). · DOI
  18. R Dubruille, et al., Drosophila regulatory factor X is necessary for ciliated sensory neuron differentiation. Development 129, 5487–5498 (2002). · DOI
  19. T Perlot, FW Alt, Cis-regulatory elements and epigenetic changes control genomic rearrangements of the IgH locus. Adv Immunol 99, 1–32 (2008). · DOI
  20. N Maherali, et al., Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell 1, 55–70 (2007).
  21. M Wernig, et al., In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature 448, 318–324 (2007). · DOI
  22. L Conti, et al., Niche-independent symmetrical self-renewal of a mammalian tissue stem cell. PLoS Biol 3, e283 (2005). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Creyghton, M. P., Cheng, A. W., Welstead, G. G., Kooistra, T., Carey, B. W., Steine, E. J., Hanna, J., Lodato, M. A., Frampton, G. M., Sharp, P. A., Boyer, L. A., Young, R. A., & Jaenisch, R.
Affiliations
  • Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Jaenisch, Rudolf
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2010-11-24
Volume
107
Issue
50
Pages
21931-21936
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1981030303
Cited by
4,302
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 228 · 2025: 286 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 365 · 2022: 345 · 2021: 362 · 2020: 346 · 2019: 315 · 2018: 292 · 2017: 267 · 2016: 261 · 2015: 242 · 2014: 239 · 2013: 220 · 2012: 124
FWCI
51.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01ca084198-10)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (5-RO1-HDO45022)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (HG002668, R01HG002668)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01-CA084198, R01CA087869, 5-RO1-CA87869, P01CA042063, R37CA084198, P30CA014051, P30-CA-14051, P01 CA 42063)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37HD045022)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Keywords
enhancer activity, poised enhancers, H3K4me1, developmental state, embryonic stem cells, nuclear reprogramming, cell differentiation, chromatin regulation, mouse tissues
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Histones, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review