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Multiple Dopamine Functions at Different Time Courses
Abstract
Many lesion studies report an amazing variety of deficits in behavioral functions that cannot possibly be encoded in great detail by the relatively small number of midbrain dopamine neurons. Although hoping to unravel a single dopamine function underlying these phenomena, electrophysiological and neurochemical studies still give a confusing, mutually exclusive, and partly contradictory account of dopamine's role in behavior. However, the speed of observed phasic dopamine changes varies several thousand fold, which offers a means to differentiate the behavioral relationships according to their time courses. Thus dopamine is involved in mediating the reactivity of the organism to the environment at different time scales, from fast impulse responses related to reward via slower changes with uncertainty, punishment, and possibly movement to the tonic enabling of postsynaptic motor, cognitive, and motivational systems deficient in Parkinson's disease.
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“Although it was originally postulated that the DA released from the VTA only mediates the hedonic or pleasurable effects of natural reinforcers, it is now clear that changes in DAergic activity can also signal punishment, aversion, or lack of expected reward [53–58].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“More than with most other neurons, the time course of dopamine neuron function varies vastly1 (BOX 1).”
From Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In reinforcement learning, dopamine responses conform with a signed prediction error; they increase for better than expected (reward) outcomes and decrease for worse than expected (aversive) outcomes [43].”
From A neoHebbian framework for episodic memory; role of dopamine-dependent late LTP (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Classical work showed the importance of reward as a stimulus for the bursting of these cells [43]”
From A neoHebbian framework for episodic memory; role of dopamine-dependent late LTP (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Dopamine is the neurotransmitter predominately associated with reward processing [12].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, reward-predicting signals and behaviorally important events (for example, novel stimuli) elicit brief, phasic, bursts of dopamine impulses, which last less than 500 ms, and prompt reward anticipation [12].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schultz, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schultz, Wolfram
- ORCID
- Schultz, Wolfram
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-07-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 259-288
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2096193724
- Cited by
- 1,415
- References
- 201
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 85
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (095495)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dopamine, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, reward, uncertainty, punishment, motor control, cognitive function, motivation, Parkinson's disease, behavioral deficits, lesion studies
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Decision Making, Dopamine, Humans, Movement, Movement Disorders, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Reward
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