Cited by 1,610Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchStress Responses and CortisolMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder

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J. Douglas Bremner, P Randall, Tammy Maria Scott, Richard A. Bronen, John Peter Seibyl, Steven Mark Southwick, Richard C. Delaney, Gregory McCarthy, Dennis S. Charney, Robert B. Innis·1995·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.152.7.973PMC PMC3233767

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that high levels of cortisol associated with stress have neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in memory. The authors previously showed that patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had deficits in short-term memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the hippocampal volume of patients with PTSD to that of subjects without psychiatric disorder. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the volume of the hippocampus in 26 Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD and 22 comparison subjects selected to be similar to the patients in age, sex, race, years of education, socioeconomic status, body size, and years of alcohol abuse. RESULTS: The PTSD patients had a statistically significant 8% smaller right hippocampal volume relative to that of the comparison subjects, but there was no difference in the volume of other brain regions (caudate and temporal lobe). Deficits in short-term verbal memory as measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale were associated with smaller right hippocampal volume in the PTSD patients only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a smaller right hippocampal volume in PTSD that is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.

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Authors: Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Scott, T. M., Bronen, R. A., Seibyl, J. P., Southwick, S. M., Delaney, R. C., McCarthy, G., Charney, D. S., & Innis, R. B.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
ORCID: J. Douglas Bremner
Tammy Maria Scott
Richard A. Bronen
John Peter Seibyl
Steven Mark Southwick
Richard C. Delaney
Dennis S. Charney
Robert B. Innis
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1995-07-01
Volume: 152
Issue: 7
Pages: 973-981
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.7.973
PMC: PMC3233767
OpenAlex: W170792860
Cited by: 1,610
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 55.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056120)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder, hippocampal volume, hippocampal atrophy, verbal short-term memory, Vietnam combat veterans, hippocampal asymmetry, caudate nucleus, temporal lobe, Wechsler Memory Scale
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Alcoholism, Caudate Nucleus, Combat Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Hippocampus, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Social Class, Temporal Lobe, Wechsler Scales, Comorbidity, Substance-Related Disorders

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MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder

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