Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men

Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human

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Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

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FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

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The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway

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Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future

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Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

Badman, M. K., Pissios, P., Kennedy, A. R., Koukos, G., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.002 · Cited by 1,495

FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis

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Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Receptor Specificity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Xu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151

Adipokines in health and disease

Fasshauer, M., & Blüher, M. (2015) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.014 · Cited by 1,050

Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans

Stefan, N. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1609 · Cited by 1,049

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice

Coskun, T., Bina, H. A., Schneider, M. A., Dunbar, J. D., Hu, C. C., Chen, Y., Moller, D. E., & Kharitonenkov, A. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0816 · Cited by 1,031

Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans

Zhang, X., Yeung, D. C. Y., Karpisek, M., Stejskal, D., Zhou, Z.-G., Liu, F., Wong, R. L. C., Chow, W.-S., Tso, A. W. K., Lam, K. S. L., et al. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1476 · Cited by 908

The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes

Gaich, G., Chien, J. Y., Fu, H., Glass, L. C., Deeg, M. A., Holland, W. L., Kharitonenkov, A., Bumol, T., Schilske, H. K., & Moller, D. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.005 · Cited by 885

Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver

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Obesity Is a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)-Resistant State

Fisher, F. M., Chui, P. C., Antonellis, P. J., Bina, H. A., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0193 · Cited by 830

Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans

Lee, P., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Brychta, R. J., Wang, J., Idelson, C., Perron, R. M., Werner, C. D., Phan, G. Q., Kammula, U. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017 · Cited by 802

Autophagy deficiency leads to protection from obesity and insulin resistance by inducing Fgf21 as a mitokine

Kim, K. H., Jeong, Y. T., Oh, H., Kim, S. H., Cho, J. M., Kim, Y.-N., Kim, S. S., Kim, D. H., Hur, K. Y., Kim, H. K., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3014 · Cited by 774

Tissue-specific Expression of βKlotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor Isoforms Determines Metabolic Activity of FGF19 and FGF21

Kurosu, H., Choi, M., Ogawa, Y., Dickson, A. S., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., Rosenblatt, K. P., Kliewer, S. A., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704165200 · Cited by 748

The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21

Kharitonenkov, A., Wroblewski, V. J., Koester, A., Chen, Y.-F., Clutinger, C. K., Tigno, X. T., Hansen, B. C., Shanafelt, A. B., & Etgen, G. J. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1168 · Cited by 738

FGF21 induces PGC-1α and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response

Potthoff, M. J., Inagaki, T., Satapati, S., Ding, X., He, T., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Finck, B. N., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904187106 · Cited by 704

Research Resource: Comprehensive Expression Atlas of the Fibroblast Growth Factor System in Adult Mouse

Fon Tacer, K., Bookout, A. L., Ding, X., Kurosu, H., John, G. B., Wang, L., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Kuro-o, M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., et al. (2010) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2010-0142 · Cited by 700

Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice

Lin, Z., Tian, H., Lam, K. S. L., Lin, S., Hoo, R. C. L., Konishi, M., Itoh, N., Wang, Y., Bornstein, S. R., Xu, A., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.005 · Cited by 691

Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue

Hondares, E., Iglesias, R., Giralt, A., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Mampel, T., & Villarroya, F. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.215889 · Cited by 623

βKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21

Ogawa, Y., Kurosu, H., Yamamoto, M., Nandi, A., Rosenblatt, K. P., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701600104 · Cited by 617

Adiponectin, the past two decades

Wang, Z. V., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjw011 · Cited by 609

Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dushay, J., Chui, P. C., Gopalakrishnan, G. S., Varela–Rey, M., Crawley, M., Fisher, F. M., Badman, M. K., Martinez–Chantar, M. L., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.054 · Cited by 607

FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction

Laeger, T., Henagan, T. M., Albarado, D. C., Redman, L. M., Bray, G. A., Noland, R. C., Münzberg, H., Hutson, S. M., Gettys, T. W., Schwartz, M. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci74915 · Cited by 593

Circulating FGF21 Is Liver Derived and Enhances Glucose Uptake During Refeeding and Overfeeding

Markan, K. R., Naber, M. C., Ameka, M. K., Anderegg, M. D., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., Mohammadi, M., & Potthoff, M. J. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0595 · Cited by 590

Molecular Insights into the Klotho-Dependent, Endocrine Mode of Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Subfamily Members

Goetz, R. M., Beenken, A., Ibrahimi, O. A., Kalinina, J., Olsen, S. K., Eliseenkova, A. V., Xu, C.-F., Neubert, T. A., Zhang, F., Linhardt, R. J., et al. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.02249-06 · Cited by 550

Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: an update

Montgomery, M. K., & Turner, N. A. (2014) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-14-0092 · Cited by 549

FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system

Bookout, A. L., de Groot, M. H. M., Owen, B. M., Lee, S., Gautron, L., Lawrence, H. L., Ding, X., Elmquist, J. K., Takahashi, J. S., Mangelsdorf, D. J., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3249 · Cited by 545

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Regulates PPARγ Activity and the Antidiabetic Actions of Thiazolidinediones

Dutchak, P. A., Katafuchi, T., Bookout, A. L., Choi, J. H., Yu, R. T., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.062 · Cited by 537

Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Fatty Liver

Stefan, N., Kantartzis, K., & Häring, H. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0009 · Cited by 536

Expression Atlas update—an integrated database of gene and protein expression in humans, animals and plants

Petryszak, R., Keays, M., Tang, A., Fonseca, N. A., Barrera, E., Burdett, T., Füllgrabe, A., Fuentes, A. M.-P., Jupp, S., Koskinen, S., et al. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1045 · Cited by 529

Oxidative stress, cardiolipin and mitochondrial dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Paradies, G. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14205 · Cited by 525

An FGF21-Adiponectin-Ceramide Axis Controls Energy Expenditure and Insulin Action in Mice

Holland, W., Adams, A., Brozinick, J., Bui, H., Miyauchi, Y., Kusminski, C., Bauer, S., Wade, M., Singhal, E., Cheng, C. C., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.019 · Cited by 525

FGF21 acts centrally to induce sympathetic nerve activity, energy expenditure, and weight loss

Owen, B. M., Ding, X., Morgan, D. A., Coate, K. C., Bookout, A. L., Rahmouni, K., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.012 · Cited by 523

The Circulating Metabolic Regulator FGF21 Is Induced by Prolonged Fasting and PPARα Activation in Man

Gälman, C., Lundåsen, T., Kharitonenkov, A., Bina, H. A., Eriksson, M., Hafström, I., Dahlin, M., Åmark, P., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.06.014 · Cited by 512

The role of hepatokines in metabolism

Stefan, N., & Häring, H.-U. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.258 · Cited by 500

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Improves Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Survival by Activation of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

Wente, W., Efanov, A. M., Brenner, M. B., Kharitonenkov, A., Koster, A. M., Sandusky, G. E., Sewing, S., Treinies, I., Zitzer, H., & Gromada, J. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db05-1435 · Cited by 497

A long-acting FGF21 molecule, PF-05231023, decreases body weight and improves lipid profile in non-human primates and type 2 diabetic subjects

Talukdar, S., Zhou, Y., Li, D., Rossulek, M., Dong, J., Somayaji, V., Weng, Y., Clark, R., Lanba, A., Owen, B. M., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.001 · Cited by 496

Decreased consumption of branched-chain amino acids improves metabolic health

Fontana, L., Cummings, N. E., Arriola Apelo, S. I., Neuman, J. C., Kasza, I., Schmidt, B. A., Cava, E., Spelta, F., Tosti, V., Syed, F. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.092 · Cited by 466

FGF-21 as a biomarker for muscle-manifesting mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies: a diagnostic study

Suomalainen, A., Elo, J. M., Pietiläinen, K. H., Hakonen, A. H., Sevastianova, K., Korpela, M., Isohanni, P., Marjavaara, S. K., Tyni, T., Kiuru-Enari, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70155-7 · Cited by 427

Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

Wei, W., Dutchak, P. A., Wang, X., Ding, X., Wang, X., Bookout, A. L., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Gerard, R. D., Dechow, P. C., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200797109 · Cited by 426

Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23

Degirolamo, C., Sabbà, C., & Moschetta, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.9 · Cited by 424

The starvation hormone, fibroblast growth factor-21, extends lifespan in mice

Zhang, Y., Xie, Y., Berglund, E. D., Coate, K. C., He, T. T., Katafuchi, T., Xiao, G., Potthoff, M. J., Wei, W., Wan, Y., et al. (2012) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00065 · Cited by 420

FGF21 is an Akt‐regulated myokine

Izumiya, Y., Bina, H. A., Ouchi, N., Akasaki, Y., Kharitonenkov, A., & Walsh, K. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.021 · Cited by 415

Inhibition of Growth Hormone Signaling by the Fasting-Induced Hormone FGF21

Inagaki, T., Lin, V. Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.05.006 · Cited by 409

βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Effects on Growth and Metabolism

Ding, X., Boney-Montoya, J., Owen, B. M., Bookout, A. L., Coate, K. C., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.002 · Cited by 403

Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride

Li, H., Fang, Q., Gao, F., Fan, J., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Pan, X., Bao, Y., Xiang, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.018 · Cited by 400

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Chavez, A. O., Molina-Carrion, M., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Folli, F., DeFronzo, R. A., & Tripathy, D. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0684 · Cited by 390

Hepatic FGF21 Expression Is Induced at Birth via PPARα in Response to Milk Intake and Contributes to Thermogenic Activation of Neonatal Brown Fat

Hondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377

Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases

Pedersen, B. K. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.010 · Cited by 370

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Deficient Mice Demonstrate Impaired Adaptation to Ketosis

Badman, M. K., Koester, A., Flier, J. S., Kharitonenkov, A., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0532 · Cited by 362

PPARα is a key regulator of hepatic FGF21

Lundåsen, T., Hunt, M., Nilsson, L.-M., Sanyal, S., Angelin, B., Alexson, S., & Rudling, M. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.068 · Cited by 361

Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue but is not required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in liver

Hotta, Y., Nakamura, H., Konishi, M., Murata, Y., Takagi, H., Matsumura, S., Inoue, K., Fushiki, T., & Itoh, N. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0119 · Cited by 352

FGF21 mediates endocrine control of simple sugar intake and sweet taste preference by the liver

von Holstein-Rathlou, S., BonDurant, L. D., Peltekian, L., Naber, M. C., Yin, T. C., Claflin, K. E., Urizar, A. I., Madsen, A. N., Ratner, C., Holst, B., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.003 · Cited by 347

βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 21 Signaling through FGF Receptor (FGFR) 1c and FGFR3c

Suzuki, M., Uehara, Y., Motomura-Matsuzaka, K., Oki, J., Koyama, Y., Kimura, M., Asada, M., Komi-Kuramochi, A., Oka, S., & Toru, T. (2008) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2007-0313 · Cited by 345

FGF21 Regulates Sweet and Alcohol Preference

Talukdar, S., Owen, B. M., Song, P., Hernandez, G., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Scott, W. T., Paratala, B., Turner, T., Smith, A., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.008 · Cited by 342

Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin-resistant mouse models—association with liver and adipose tissue effects

Xu, J., Stanislaus, S., Chinookoswong, N., Lau, Y. Y., Hager, T., Patel, J., Ge, H., Weiszmann, J., Lu, S.-C., Graham, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00348.2009 · Cited by 340

FGF‐21/FGF‐21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by βKlotho

Kharitonenkov, A., Dunbar, J. D., Bina, H. A., Bright, S. W., Moyers, J. S., Zhang, C., Ding, L., Micanovic, R., Mehrbod, S. F., Knierman, M. D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21357 · Cited by 333

FGF21 Regulates Metabolism Through Adipose-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

BonDurant, L. D., Ameka, M., Naber, M. C., Markan, K. R., Idiga, S. O., Acevedo, M. R., Walsh, S. A., Ornitz, D. M., & Potthoff, M. J. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.005 · Cited by 330

Resveratrol improves insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

Chen, S., Zhao, X., Ran, L., Wan, J., Wang, X., Qin, Y., Shu, F., Gao, Y., Yuan, L., Zhang, Q., et al. (2015) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2014.11.015 · Cited by 319

Molecular cloning and expression analyses of mouse βklotho, which encodes a novel Klotho family protein

Ito, S., Kinoshita, S., Shiraishi, N., Nakagawa, S., Sekine, S., Fujimori, T., & Nabeshima, Y. (2000) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00439-1 · Cited by 312

Mitochondrial myopathy induces a starvation-like response

Tyynismaa, H., Carroll, C. J., Raimundo, N., Ahola-Erkkilä, S., Wenz, T., Ruhanen, H., Guse, K., Hemminki, A., Peltola-Mjøsund, K. E., Tulkki, V., et al. (2010) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq310 · Cited by 300

FGF21 maintains glucose homeostasis by mediating the cross talk between liver and brain during prolonged fasting

Liang, Q., Zhong, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Bornstein, S. R., Triggle, C. R., Ding, H., Lam, K. S. L., & Xu, A. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0541 · Cited by 299

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Controls Glycemia via Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Flux and Insulin Sensitivity

Berglund, E. D., Li, C. Y., Bina, H. A., Lynes, S. E., Michael, M. D., Shanafelt, A. B., Kharitonenkov, A., & Wasserman, D. H. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0221 · Cited by 297

Adipose Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Up-Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Altered Metabolic States

Muise, E. S., Azzolina, B., Kuo, D. W., El-Sherbeini, M., Tan, Y., Yuan, X., Mu, J., Thompson, J. R., Berger, J. P., & Wong, K. K. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.044826 · Cited by 294

Acute Exercise Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in Healthy Humans

Kim, K. H., Kim, S. H., Min, Y.-K., Yang, H.-M., Lee, J.-B., & Lee, M.-S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063517 · Cited by 290

Hepatic SIRT1 Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Controls Energy Balance in Mice by Inducing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

Li, Y., Wong, K., Giles, A. J., Jiang, J., Lee, J. W., Adams, A. C., Kharitonenkov, A., Yang, Q., Gao, B., Guarente, L., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.059 · Cited by 283

The fasting polypeptide FGF21 can enter brain from blood

Hsuchou, H., Pan, W., & Kastin, A. J. (2007) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.007 · Cited by 280

Serum concentrations and tissue expression of a novel endocrine regulator fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Mraz, M., Bartlova, M., Lacinova, Z., Michalsky, D., Kasalicky, M., Haluzikova, D., Matoulek, M., Dostalova, I., Humenanska, V., & Haluzik, M. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03502.x · Cited by 279

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice

Lin, Z., Pan, X., Wu, F., Ye, D., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Lian, Q., Huang, Y., Ding, H., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.015308 · Cited by 271

The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue

Adams, A. C., Yang, C., Coskun, T., Cheng, C. C., Gimeno, R. E., Luo, Y., & Kharitonenkov, A. (2013) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2012.08.007 · Cited by 266

Brown Adipose Tissue Responds to Cold and Adrenergic Stimulation by Induction of FGF21

Chartoumpekis, D. V., Habeos, I. G., Ziros, P. G., Psyrogiannis, A. I., Kyriazopoulou, V. E., & Papavassiliou, A. G. (2011) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2011.00075 · Cited by 252

FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues

Schlein, C., Talukdar, S., Heine, M., Fischer, A. W., Krott, L. M., Nilsson, S. K., Brenner, M. B., Heeren, J., & Scheja, L. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.006 · Cited by 252

Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity?

Ye, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2013.04.001 · Cited by 251

Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β cells

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Activating transcription factor 4-dependent induction of FGF21 during amino acid deprivation

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mediates Specific Glucagon Actions

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Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences

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Methionine-Restricted C57BL/6J Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance but Have Low Bone Density

Ables, G. P., Perrone, C. E., Orentreich, D. S., & Orentreich∥, N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051357 · Cited by 241

KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product β-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference

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FGF21 attenuates lipolysis in human adipocytes – A possible link to improved insulin sensitivity

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Fructose ingestion acutely stimulates circulating FGF21 levels in humans

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Cellular Mechanisms by Which FGF21 Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Male Mice

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Integrated Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in Vivo

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Genome-wide meta-analysis of observational studies shows common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake

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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling drives endocrine cross-talk through the induction of FGF21 as a myokine

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FGF21 is a biomarker for mitochondrial translation and mtDNA maintenance disorders

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FGF21 Is a Sugar-Induced Hormone Associated with Sweet Intake and Preference in Humans

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Central Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Browns White Fat via Sympathetic Action in Male Mice

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FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans

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Opposite alterations in FGF21 and FGF19 levels and disturbed expression of the receptor machinery for endocrine FGFs in obese patients

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Defining the Nutritional and Metabolic Context of FGF21 Using the Geometric Framework

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Treating Diabetes and Obesity with an FGF21-Mimetic Antibody Activating the βKlotho/FGFR1c Receptor Complex

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Hypothalamic Inflammation in the Control of Metabolic Function

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Effects of postbariatric surgery weight loss on adipokines and metabolic parameters: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy—a prospective randomized trial

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Visceral abdominal fat accumulation predicts the conversion of metabolically healthy obese subjects to an unhealthy phenotype

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Pharmacologic Effects of FGF21 Are Independent of the “Browning” of White Adipose Tissue

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Methionine restriction restores a younger metabolic phenotype in adult mice with alterations in fibroblast growth factor 21

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Inventing new medicines: The FGF21 story

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FGF21 as a Hepatokine, Adipokine, and Myokine in Metabolism and Diseases

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Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Induced in Human Skeletal Muscles by Hyperinsulinemia

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Increased serum FGF21 levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Novel locus including FGF21 is associated with dietary macronutrient intake

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Molecular determinants of FGF‐21 activity—synergy and cross‐talk with PPARγ signaling

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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis Independent of Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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Circulating FGF-21 Levels in Normal Subjects and in Newly Diagnose Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Lack of Overt FGF21 Resistance in Two Mouse Models of Obesity and Insulin Resistance

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by the IRE1α-XBP1 Branch of the Unfolded Protein Response and Counteracts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Hepatic Steatosis

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Induces Glucose Transporter-1 Expression through Activation of the Serum Response Factor/Ets-Like Protein-1 in Adipocytes

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FGF21 Requires βklotho to Act In Vivo

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High Plasma Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Reduces the Severity of Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis in Mice

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Serum Levels of FGF-21 Are Increased in Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Are Independently Associated with Adverse Lipid Profile

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Exercise increases serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels

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Differential Specificity of Endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1 and FGFR4 in Complex with KLB

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Circadian Rhythm of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Related to Diurnal Changes in Fatty Acids in Humans

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Rational Design of a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Based Clinical Candidate, LY2405319

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A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism

Fisher, F. M., Kim, M., Doridot, L., Cunniff, J. C., Parker, T. S., Levine, D. M., Hellerstein, M. K., Hudgins, L. C., Maratos-Flier, E., & Herman, M. A. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.008 · Cited by 166

A liver-bone endocrine relay by IGFBP1 promotes osteoclastogenesis and mediates FGF21-induced bone resorption

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Activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor Induces Hepatic Expression and Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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FGF21 Analogs of Sustained Action Enabled by Orthogonal Biosynthesis Demonstrate Enhanced Antidiabetic Pharmacology in Rodents

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

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Free Fatty Acids Link Metabolism and Regulation of the Insulin-Sensitizing Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

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Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Thermoneutral Housing Accelerates Metabolic Inflammation to Potentiate Atherosclerosis but Not Insulin Resistance

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Discrete Aspects of FGF21 In Vivo Pharmacology Do Not Require UCP1

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Induced by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists But Not Ketosis in Man

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FGF21 N‐ and C‐termini play different roles in receptor interaction and activation

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Effects of a three‐month combined exercise programme on fibroblast growth factor 21 and fetuin‐A levels and arterial stiffness in obese women

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Different roles of N‐ and C‐ termini in the functional activity of FGF21

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Once-weekly administration of a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue modulates lipids, bone turnover markers, blood pressure and body weight differently in obese people with hypertriglyceridaemia and in non-human primates

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Mild Cold Exposure Modulates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Diurnal Rhythm in Humans: Relationship between FGF21 Levels, Lipolysis, and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis

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Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Growth Hormone Induces Hepatic Production of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 through a Mechanism Dependent on Lipolysis in Adipocytes

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Thyroid Hormone Regulates Hepatic Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in a PPARα-dependent Manner

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FGF21 Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis via White Adipose and Leptin in Mice

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Phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer activities in plasma from 14 vertebrate species. Relation to atherogenesis susceptibility

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Serum FGF21 levels are associated with brown adipose tissue activity in humans

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FGF21 Is an Exocrine Pancreas Secretagogue

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PGC-1α negatively regulates hepatic FGF21 expression by modulating the heme/Rev-Erbα axis

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Additive relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level and coronary artery disease

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Circulating FGF21 Levels Are Progressively Increased from the Early to End Stages of Chronic Kidney Diseases and Are Associated with Renal Function in Chinese

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Alterations of Hormonally Active Fibroblast Growth Factors after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution

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Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Predicts the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Caucasians

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Elevated Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation, High Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, and Fasting Bile Acids in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

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Glucagon-to-insulin ratio is pivotal for splanchnic regulation of FGF-21 in humans

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FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation

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Circulating FGF21 proteolytic processing mediated by fibroblast activation protein

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Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1α in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-1

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Inflammation and Islet Hyperplasia in Pancreas

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Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function

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Thyroid hormone reduces PCSK9 and stimulates bile acid synthesis in humans

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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles and γ-Glutamyltransferase But Not Insulin Sensitivity in Chinese Subjects

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Inhibition of lipolysis may contribute to the acute regulation of plasma FFA and glucose by FGF21 in ob/ob mice

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Regulation of FGF21 Expression and Secretion by Retinoic Acid Receptor-related Orphan Receptor α

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Exercise-induced secretion of FGF21 and follistatin are blocked by pancreatic clamp and impaired in type 2 diabetes

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Transcriptional Repressor E4-binding Protein 4 (E4BP4) Regulates Metabolic Hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) during Circadian Cycles and Feeding

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Glucocorticoids Regulate the Metabolic Hormone FGF21 in a Feed-Forward Loop

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a sensitive biomarker of mitochondrial disease

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Circulating Levels of FGF-21 in Obese Youth: Associations With Liver Fat Content and Markers of Liver Damage

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Circadian expression of FGF21 is induced by PPARα activation in the mouse liver

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Skeletal muscle increases FGF21 expression in mitochondrial disorders to compensate for energy metabolic insufficiency by activating the mTOR–YY1–PGC1α pathway

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Impaired Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation Induces FGF21 in Muscle

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Glucagon increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 independently of endogenous insulin levels: a novel mechanism of glucagon-stimulated lipolysis?

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Lipotoxicity and steatohepatitis in an overfed mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Protective effect of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death probably via both mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways in the mouse model

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Elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with hypertension in community-dwelling adults

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Genetic disruption of uncoupling protein 1 in mice renders brown adipose tissue a significant source of FGF21 secretion

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Predict Progressive Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Normoalbuminuria

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Serum FGF 21 concentration is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and pericardial fat accumulation, independently of obesity, but not with current coronary artery status

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Plasma FGF21 levels in obese patients undergoing energy-restricted diets or bariatric surgery: a marker of metabolic stress?

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Long-Term Fenofibrate Therapy Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

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Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia

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Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor‐21 are increased in chronic and acute renal dysfunction

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Loss of fibroblast growth factor 21 action induces insulin resistance, pancreatic islet hyperplasia and dysfunction in mice

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FGF21-Mediated Improvements in Glucose Clearance Require Uncoupling Protein 1

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Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are related to subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 is not required for the antidiabetic actions of the thiazoladinediones

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Plasma FGF21 displays a circadian rhythm during a 72‐h fast in healthy female volunteers

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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator with potential therapeutic properties in obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus

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