The links between the gut microbiome, aging, modern lifestyle and Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Gut microbiome is a community of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. These bacteria have a tremendous impact on the human physiology in healthy individuals and during an illness. Intestinal microbiome can influence one's health either directly by secreting biologically active substances such as vitamins, essential amino acids, lipids et cetera or indirectly by modulating metabolic processes and the immune system. In recent years considerable information has been accumulated on the relationship between gut microbiome and brain functions. Moreover, significant quantitative and qualitative changes of gut microbiome have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, gut microbiome is highly sensitive to negative external lifestyle aspects, such as diet, sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disturbance, chronic noise, and sedentary behavior, which are also considered as important risk factors for the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, this review is focused on analyzing the links between gut microbiome, modern lifestyle, aging, and Alzheimer's disease.
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The AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F alleles impact the gut microbiome in ways that link to cognitive performance.
“Collectively, these results suggest that the AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F alleles impact the gut microbiome in ways that link to cognitive performance, and support the hypothesis that AD risk alleles may elicit their impact on cognition at least in part by altering the microbiome’s contribution to neurophysiology49–52.”
From Integrated analysis of behavioral, epigenetic, and gut microbiome analyses in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and wild type mice (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
The “Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Alzheimer's Disease” section (page unavailable) reports microbiome differences in APP/PS1 transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. It does not identify the AppNL-F or AppNL-G-F alleles or link microbiome changes in those mice to cognitive performance. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAD risk alleles may elicit their impact on cognition at least in part by altering the microbiome's contribution to neurophysiology.
“Collectively, these results suggest that the AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F alleles impact the gut microbiome in ways that link to cognitive performance, and support the hypothesis that AD risk alleles may elicit their impact on cognition at least in part by altering the microbiome’s contribution to neurophysiology49–52.”
From Integrated analysis of behavioral, epigenetic, and gut microbiome analyses in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and wild type mice (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In “Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Alzheimer's Disease” (page unavailable), the review reports altered gut microbiota in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and a change in brain amyloid deposits after microbiota transfer. It also discusses microbiome-related changes in memory in other mice. These passages support a possible genetic–microbiome–brain link, but do not show that AD risk alleles affect cognition through microbiome-mediated changes in neurophysiology. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe composition of the human microbiome changes with age.
“Studies in aged humans have found that the composition of the microbiome changes over time.”
From The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages (2021) · cites this paper as [61]
In general, microbial diversity decreases and numbers of beneficial bacteria reduce, whereas facultative anaerobes and opportunists or even proinflammatory pathogenic bacteria increase when compared with younger individuals.
“In general, microbial diversity decreases and numbers of beneficial bacteria (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Clostridium cluster XIVa, F. prausnitzii) reduce, whereas facultative anaerobes and opportunists or even proinflammatory pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia spp., Enterobacteriaceae spp., Bacteroides spp., C. difficile, etc.) increase when compared with younger individuals (235, 295, 296).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [296]
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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging
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Nutrition, gut microbiota, and alzheimer’s disease
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- Authors
- Askarova, S., Umbayev, B., Masoud, A.-R., Kaiyrlykyzy, A., Safarova, Y., Tsoy, A., Olzhayev, F., & Kushugulova, A.
- Affiliations
- Nazarbayev University (KZ)
- Corresponding author
- Askarova, Sholpan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-03-18
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 104-104
- ISSN
- 2235-2988 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7093326
- OpenAlex
- W3012179806
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Nazarbayev University Repository (Nazarbayev University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BR05236508)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, Alzheimer's disease, aging, lifestyle factors, diet, sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption, sedentary behavior, gut-brain axis, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Immune System, Life Style
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