Cited by 106Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorStress Responses and CortisolNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Are behavioral effects of early experience mediated by oxytocin?

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Bales, Karen L., Boone, Ericka, Epperson, Pamela, Hoffman, Gloria, Carter, C. Sue·2011·Frontiers in Psychiatry

Abstract

Early experiences can alter adaptive emotional responses necessary for social behavior as well as physiological reactivity in the face of challenge. In the highly social prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), manipulations in early life or hormonal treatments specifically targeted at the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), have long-lasting, often sexually dimorphic, consequences for social behavior. Here we examine the hypothesis that behavioral changes associated with differential early experience, in this case handling the family during the first week of life, may be mediated by changes in OT or AVP or their brain receptors. Four early treatment groups were used, differing only in the amount of manipulation received during the first week of life. MAN1 animals were handled once on post-natal day 1; MAN1 treatment produces a pattern of behavior usually considered typical of this species, against which other groups were compared. MAN1-7 animals were handled once a day for post-natal days 1-7, MAN 7 animals were handled once on post-natal day 7, and MAN0 animals received no handling during the first week of life. When tested following weaning, males in groups that had received manipulation during the first few days of life (MAN1 and MAN1-7) displayed higher alloparenting than other groups. Neuroendocrine measures, including OT receptor binding and OT and AVP immunoreactivity, varied by early treatment. In brain areas including the nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis and lateral septum, MAN0 females showed increased OT receptor binding. MAN1 animals also displayed higher numbers of immunoreactive OT cell bodies in the supraoptic nucleus. Taken together these findings support the broader hypothesis that experiences in the first few days of life, mediated in part by sexually dimorphic changes in neuropeptides, especially in the receptor for OT, may have adaptive consequences for sociality and emotion regulation.

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  1. Harlow H. F. (1961). “The development of affectional patterns in infant monkeys,” in Determinants of Infant Behavior, ed. Foss B. M. (New York: Wiley), 75– 97

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Authors
Bales, K. L., Boone, E., Epperson, P., Hoffman, G., & Carter, C. S.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • Morgan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Bales, Karen L.
Venue
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Published
2011
Volume
2
Pages
24-24
ISSN
1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1969854425
Cited by
99
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
FWCI
11.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institute of Mental Health
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
early life experience, oxytocin, vasopressin, Microtus ochrogaster, social behavior, alloparenting, sexually dimorphic effects, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, supraoptic nucleus, emotion regulation, neuropeptides

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