Consequences of Early Experiences and Exposure to Oxytocin and Vasopressin Are Sexually Dimorphic
Open accessAbstract
In the socially monogamous prairie vole, we have observed that small changes in early handling, as well as early hormonal manipulations can have long-lasting and sexually dimorphic effects on behavior. These changes may be mediated in part by changes in parental interactions with their young, acting on systems that rely on oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Knowledge of both endogenous and exogenous influences on systems that rely on OT and AVP may be helpful in understanding sexually dimorphic developmental disorders, such as autism, that are characterized by increased anxiety and deficits in social behavior.
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The degree to which the oxytocinergic system develops optimally depends upon experience, specifically, early relationships.
“However, the degree to which the oxytocinergic system develops optimally depends upon experience, specifically, early relationships (Carter et al., 2009; Köhler-Dauner et al., 2019).”
From The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development (2023) · cites this paper as Carter et al., 2009
The Environmental Programming section says parent–infant interactions can shape early endocrine development. The Early Manipulations of the Family section reports that early handling was associated with changes in oxytocin measures in prairie voles. This supports an effect of early experience on the oxytocin system, but the paper does not establish what constitutes its “optimal” development or show that the general claim applies beyond the animals studied. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigh-dose OT might saturate OT receptors and subsequently bind to vasopressin receptors, to which OT also has binding affinity and which can cause differing and sometimes opposite behavioral effects.
“In other words, high dose OT might saturate OT receptors and subsequently bind to vasopressin receptors, to which OT also has binding affinity and which can cause differing and sometimes opposite behavioral effects (18,38,76,77).”
From Chronic intranasal oxytocin causes long-term impairments in partner preference formation in male prairie voles (2013) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Carter, C. S., Boone, E. M., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., & Bales, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Venue
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 332-341
- ISSN
- 0378-5866 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9859
- PMC
- PMC2820581
- OpenAlex
- W1966163357
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073022, MH073022, T32MH018882, MH018882, MH072109, F32MH072109)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD038490, HD38490, F32HD008702, HD08702)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- oxytocin, vasopressin, early life experience, early handling, parental care, Microtus ochrogaster, social monogamy, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, social behavior deficits, social behavior development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Humans, Oxytocin, Peptides, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Receptors, Vasopressin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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