Cited by 195Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Sex differences and developmental effects of oxytocin on aggression and social behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

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Bales, Karen L, Carter, C.Sue·2003·Hormones and Behavior

Abstract

Various hormones, including sex steroids and neuropeptides, have been implicated in aggression. In this study we examined (1) sex differences in intrasexual aggression in naïve prairie voles; (2) the effects of developmental manipulations of oxytocin on intrasexual aggression; and (3) changes in patterns of intrasexual aggression after brief exposure to an animal of the opposite sex. Within 24 h of birth, infants were randomly assigned to receive either an injection of oxytocin (OT) or oxytocin antagonist (OTA) or to one of two control (CTL) groups receiving either isotonic saline or handling without injection. As adults, animals were tested twice in a neutral arena; before (Test 1) and 24 h after (Test 2) a 4-h exposure to an animal of the opposite sex. In Test 1, CTL males were more likely to show aggressive and less likely to show social behavior than CTL females. No significant treatment differences were observed within either sex in Test 1. In Test 2, after brief exposure to a male, females treated with OT became more aggressive and less social than OTA or CTL females. Male aggressive behavior did not change after exposure to a female. An increase in aggression and decline in social behavior toward other females, seen here in OT-treated females, is typically observed only following several days of female-male cohabitation. These findings demonstrate a sex difference in intrasexual aggression and suggest that neonatal exposure to OT may facilitate the onset of the mate-guarding component of pair bonding in female prairie voles.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0018-506x(03)00154-5

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49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Sex differences in responses to OT are pervasive in both adult voles and in single-dose developmental studies.

    “While sex differences in responses to OT are pervasive in both adult voles (3,72) and in single-dose developmental studies (37,38,73)”
  • Studies in numerous species provide converging evidence that oxytocin during development can have permanent effects on the brain and behavior.

    “Yet, in the last 12 years, there has been a resurgence of research in this area, with studies in numerous species providing converging evidence that Oxt during development can have permanent effects on the brain and behavior (3, 13–29) (see Table 1).”
  • In female prairie voles, a single injection of oxytocin on postnatal day 1 results in increases in intrasexual aggression in adults, suggesting strengthened pair bond formation.

    “In female prairie voles, a single injection of Oxt on PND1 results in increases in intrasexual aggression in adults, suggesting strengthened pair bond formation (18)”

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Authors
Bales, K. L., & Carter, C. S.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Bales, Karen L
Venue
Hormones and Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-09
Volume
44
Issue
3
Pages
178-184
ISSN
0018-506X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2062734425
Cited by
195
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI
7.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01 HD 38490, P01HD038490, F32 HD08702, F32HD008702)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords
oxytocin, oxytocin antagonist, Microtus ochrogaster, intrasexual aggression, sex differences, social behavior, pair bonding, mate guarding, neonatal hormone exposure, neuropeptides
MeSH terms
Aggression, Aging, Animals, Arvicolinae, Female, Male, Oxytocin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior

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