Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care

Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions

Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30569-x · Cited by 5,203

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research

Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371

Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites

Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1516047113 · Cited by 2,486

Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Address Health Disparities

Wallerstein, N. B., & Duran, B. (2006) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839906289376 · Cited by 2,243

ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society

WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Jessup, M., Konstam, M. A., Mancini, D. M., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.167586 · Cited by 2,251

Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: a systematic review

Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., Eng, E., Day, S. H., & Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302903 · Cited by 2,176

Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association

Mosca, L., Benjamin, E. J., Berra, K., Bezanson, J. L., Dolor, R. J., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Newby, L. K., Piña, I. L., Roger, V. L., Shaw, L. J., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31820faaf8 · Cited by 2,143

Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups

Dixon-Woods, M., Cavers, D., Agarwal, S., Annandale, E., Arthur, A., Harvey, J., Hsu, R., Katbamna, S., Olsen, R., Smith, L., et al. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-35 · Cited by 2,289

When Black + Lesbian + Woman ≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research

Bowleg, L. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z · Cited by 2,004

Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003

Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Frank, R. G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Walters, E. E., Wang, P., Wells, K. B., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa043266 · Cited by 1,910

Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health

O'Neill, J., Tabish, H., Welch, V., Petticrew, M., Pottie, K., Clarke, M., Evans, T., Pardo Pardo, J., Waters, E., White, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005 · Cited by 1,657

Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci20-0053 · Cited by 1,732

Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health

Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E. M. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.006 · Cited by 1,704

A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health

Paradies, Y. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl056 · Cited by 1,681

How Structural Racism Works — Racist Policies as a Root Cause of U.S. Racial Health Inequities

Bailey, Z. D., Feldman, J. M., & Bassett, M. T. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms2025396 · Cited by 1,598

Health disparities and health equity: Concepts and measurement

Braveman, P. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103 · Cited by 1,570

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Havranek, E. P., Mujahid, M. S., Barr, D. A., Blair, I. V., Cohen, M. S., Cruz-Flores, S., Davey-Smith, G., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Lauer, M. S., Lockwood, D. W., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000228 · Cited by 1,472

Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for Black and White patients

Green, A. R., Carney, D. R., Pallin, D. J., Ngo, L. H., Raymond, K. L., Iezzoni, L. I., & Banaji, M. R. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0258-5 · Cited by 1,460

Patient-Centered Communication, Ratings of Care, and Concordance of Patient and Physician Race

Cooper, L. A., Roter, D. L., Johnson, R. L., Ford, D. E., Steinwachs, D. M., & Powe, N. R. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00009 · Cited by 1,371

Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?

Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112305 · Cited by 1,363

Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress

Carter, R. T. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006292033 · Cited by 1,316

The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain

Green, C. R., Anderson, K. O., Baker, T. A., Campbell, L. C., Decker, S., Fillingim, R. B., Kaloukalani, D. A., Lasch, K. E., Myers, C., Tait, R. C., et al. (2003) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x · Cited by 1,248

Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: Anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race

Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.1.16 · Cited by 1,265

Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention

Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., & Cox, W. T. L. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.003 · Cited by 1,259

Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition

Curtis, E., Jones, R., Tipene-Leach, D., Walker, C., Loring, B., Paine, S.-J., & Reid, P. (2019) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1082-3 · Cited by 1,214

Culture and social support.

Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., & Taylor, S. E. (2008) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x · Cited by 1,252

State of disparities in cardiovascular health in the United States.

Mensah, G. A., Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Greenlund, K. J., & Croft, J. B. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000158136.76824.04 · Cited by 1,213

Immigration as a social determinant of health.

Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419 · Cited by 1,173

Demographic Differences and Trends of Vitamin D Insufficiency in the US Population, 1988-2004

Ginde, A. A., Liu, M. C., & Camargo, C. A. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.604 · Cited by 1,120

Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States

Vesga-López, O., Blanco, C., Keyes, K., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805 · Cited by 1,065

Stress and the mental health of populations of color: advancing our understanding of race-related stressors.

Williams, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518814251 · Cited by 1,014

Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes: a life-course perspective

Lu, M. C., & Halfon, N. (2003) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1022537516969 · Cited by 979

Patient Race/Ethnicity and Quality of Patient–Physician Communication During Medical Visits

Johnson, R. L., Roter, D., Powe, N. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.12.2084 · Cited by 955

Evaluating the Relevance, Generalization, and Applicability of Research: Issues in External Validation and Translation Methodology

Green, L. W., & Glasgow, R. E. (2006) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278705284445 · Cited by 922

Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans

Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190212 · Cited by 889

The Individual and Family Self-Management Theory: Background and perspectives on context, process, and outcomes

Ryan, P., & Sawin, K. J. (2009) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2008.10.004 · Cited by 865

Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach

Krieger, N. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300544 · Cited by 854

A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Castaneda, C., Layne, J. E., Munoz-Orians, L., Gordon, P. L., Walsmith, J., Foldvari, M., Roubenoff, R., Tucker, K. L., & Nelson, M. E. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.12.2335 · Cited by 844

Ethnic disparities in diabetic complications in an insured population

Karter, A. J. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2519 · Cited by 840

Systemic racism and U.S. health care

Feagin, J., & Bennefield, Z. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006 · Cited by 819

The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care

Cooper, L. A., Roter, D. L., Carson, K. A., Beach, M. C., Sabin, J. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Inui, T. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300558 · Cited by 815

A cascade of disparities: Health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities

Krahn, G. L., Hammond, L., & Turner, A. (2006) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20098 · Cited by 775

Advancing Health Disparities Research Within the Health Care System: A Conceptual Framework

Kilbourne, A. M., Switzer, G., Hyman, K., Crowley-Matoka, M., & Fine, M. J. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.077628 · Cited by 761

Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United States.

Murray, C. J. L., Kulkarni, S. C., Michaud, C., Tomijima, N., Bulzacchelli, M. T., Iandiorio, T. J., & Ezzati, M. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030260 · Cited by 762

Patient characteristics associated with telemedicine access for primary and specialty ambulatory care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Eberly, L. A., Kallan, M. J., Julien, H. M., Haynes, N., Khatana, S. A. M., Nathan, A. S., Snider, C., Chokshi, N. P., Eneanya, N. D., Takvorian, S. U., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31640 · Cited by 740

Inequality and the health-care system in the USA

Dickman, S. L., Himmelstein, D. U., & Woolhandler, S. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30398-7 · Cited by 656

The Case for Cultural Competency in Psychotherapeutic Interventions

Sue, S., Zane, N., Nagayama Hall, G. C., & Berger, L. K. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163651 · Cited by 662

Perceived Racism and Mental Health Among Black American Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

Pieterse, A. L., Todd, N. R., Neville, H. A., & Carter, R. T. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026208 · Cited by 649

Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States

BRESLAU, J., KENDLER, K. S., SU, M., GAXIOLA-AGUILAR, S., & KESSLER, R. C. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704003514 · Cited by 642

Racial disparities in surgical care and outcomes in the United States: a comprehensive review of patient, provider, and systemic factors

Haider, A. H., Scott, V. K., Rehman, K. A., Velopulos, C., Bentley, J. M., Cornwell, E. E., & Al-Refaie, W. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.11.014 · Cited by 593

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and Health Care of Children

Flores, G., & THE COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0188 · Cited by 582

On the Causal Interpretation of Race in Regressions Adjusting for Confounding and Mediating Variables

VanderWeele, T. J., & Robinson, W. R. (2014) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000105 · Cited by 567

Disparity of Race Reporting and Representation in Clinical Trials Leading to Cancer Drug Approvals From 2008 to 2018

Loree, J. M., Anand, S., Dasari, A., Unger, J. M., Gothwal, A., Ellis, L. M., Varadhachary, G., Kopetz, S., Overman, M. J., & Raghav, K. (2019) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1870 · Cited by 570

Environment, health, and human capital

Graff Zivin, J., & Neidell, M. (2013) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.51.3.689 · Cited by 576

Strategies for Academic and Clinician Engagement in Community-Participatory Partnered Research

Jones, L., & Wells, K. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.4.407 · Cited by 563

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Quality of Health Care

Fiscella, K., & Sanders, M. R. (2016) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021439 · Cited by 517

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Physician Distrust in the United States

Armstrong, K., Ravenell, K. L., McMurphy, S., & Putt, M. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.080762 · Cited by 517

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health

Alegria, M., Vallas, M., & Pumariega, A. J. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.001 · Cited by 523

Defining and Measuring the Patient-Centered Medical Home

Stange, K. C., Nutting, P. A., Miller, W. L., Jaén, C. R., Crabtree, B. F., Flocke, S. A., & Gill, J. M. (2010) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1291-3 · Cited by 516

Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology

Burgess, D., van Ryn, M., Dovidio, J., & Saha, S. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0160-1 · Cited by 495

Lifecourse Social Conditions and Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Cognitive Aging

Glymour, M. M., & Manly, J. J. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9064-z · Cited by 481

Racial and ethnic disparities in medical and dental health, access to care, and use of services in US children.

Flores, G., & Tomany-Korman, S. C. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1243 · Cited by 492

The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities

Williams, D. R. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.98.supplement_1.s150 · Cited by 485

Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position

Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020 · Cited by 481

Tuskegee and the Health of Black Men*

Alsan, M., & Wanamaker, M. (2018) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjx029 · Cited by 464

Disparities and distrust: The implications of psychological processes for understanding racial disparities in health and health care

Dovidio, J. F., Penner, L. A., Albrecht, T. L., Norton, W. E., Gaertner, S. L., & Shelton, J. N. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.019 · Cited by 455

Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in promoting the well-being of independently living older people: results of the Well Elderly 2 Randomised Controlled Trial

Clark, F., Jackson, J., Carlson, M., Chou, C.-P., Cherry, B. J., Jordan-Marsh, M., Knight, B. G., Mandel, D., Blanchard, J., Granger, D. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2009.099754 · Cited by 445

Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline

Flowers, C. R., Seidenfeld, J., Bow, E. J., Karten, C., Gleason, C., Hawley, D. K., Kuderer, N. M., Langston, A. A., Marr, K. A., Rolston, K. V. I., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.45.8661 · Cited by 448

Intervening within and across levels: A multilevel approach to stigma and public health

Cook, J. E., Purdie-Vaughns, V., Meyer, I. H., & Busch, J. T. A. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.023 · Cited by 438

American Indian and Alaska Native mental health: diverse perspectives on enduring disparities

Gone, J. P., & Trimble, J. E. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143127 · Cited by 440

A systematic review of the impact of physician implicit racial bias on clinical decision making

Dehon, E., Weiss, N., Jones, J., Faulconer, W., Hinton, E., & Sterling, S. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13214 · Cited by 404

Clinicians' Implicit Ethnic/Racial Bias and Perceptions of Care Among Black and Latino Patients

Blair, I. V., Steiner, J. F., Fairclough, D. L., Hanratty, R., Price, D. W., Hirsh, H. K., Wright, L. A., Bronsert, M., Karimkhani, E., Magid, D. J., et al. (2013) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1442 · Cited by 409

Health Disparities in Endocrine Disorders: Biological, Clinical, and Nonclinical Factors—An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Golden, S. H., Brown, A., Cauley, J. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Kim, C., Sosa, J. A., Sumner, A. E., & Anton, B. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2043 · Cited by 405

Sleep as a Potential Fundamental Contributor to Disparities in Cardiovascular Health

Jackson, C. L., Redline, S., & Emmons, K. M. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838 · Cited by 388

Reconsidering the Consequences of Using Race to Estimate Kidney Function

Eneanya, N. D., Yang, W., & Reese, P. P. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5774 · Cited by 385

The digital divide in adoption and use of a personal health record

Yamin, C. K., Emani, S., Williams, D. H., Lipsitz, S. R., Karson, A. S., Wald, J. S., & Bates, D. W. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.34 · Cited by 353

Access to health care for ethnic minority populations

Szczepura, A. (2005) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.026237 · Cited by 360

Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review

Morris, M., Cooper, R. L., Ramesh, A., Tabatabai, M., Arcury, T. A., Shinn, M., Im, W., Juarez, P., & Matthews-Juarez, P. (2019) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3 · Cited by 363

Disability trends among older Americans: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004

Seeman, T. E., Merkin, S. S., Crimmins, E. M., & Karlamangla, A. S. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.157388 · Cited by 356

“Every Shut Eye, Ain’t Sleep”: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance in Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Difficulty

Hicken, M. T., Lee, H., Ailshire, J., Burgard, S. A., & Williams, D. R. (2013) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-013-9095-9 · Cited by 355

Design for service inclusion: Creating inclusive service systems by 2050

Fisk, R. P., Dean, A. M., Alkire (née Nasr), L., Joubert, A., Previte, J., Robertson, N., & Rosenbaum, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-05-2018-0121 · Cited by 354

Association of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use among patients with diabetes in the US

Eberly, L. A., Yang, L., Eneanya, N. D., Essien, U., Julien, H., Nathan, A. S., Khatana, S. A. M., Dayoub, E. J., Fanaroff, A. C., Giri, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6139 · Cited by 350

Racial differences in birth outcomes: the role of general, pregnancy, and racism stress

Dominguez, T. P., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Glynn, L. M., Hobel, C., & Sandman, C. A. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.194 · Cited by 337

Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping as sources of health disparities

Balsa, A. I., & McGuire, T. G. (2003) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(02)00098-x · Cited by 333

Cancer Disparities and Health Equity: A Policy Statement From the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Patel, M. I., Lopez, A. M., Blackstock, W., Reeder-Hayes, K., Moushey, E. A., Phillips, J., & Tap, W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.00642 · Cited by 338

Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in CKD

Norton, J. M., Moxey-Mims, M. M., Eggers, P. W., Narva, A. S., Star, R. A., Kimmel, P. L., & Rodgers, G. P. (2016) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2016010027 · Cited by 345

Challenges and opportunities to meet the mental health needs of underserved and disenfranchised populations in the United States

Mongelli, F., Georgakopoulos, P., & Pato, M. T. (2020) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20190028 · Cited by 331

Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns

Frank, A. T. H., Zhao, B., Jose, P. O., Azar, K. M. J., Fortmann, S. P., & Palaniappan, L. P. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.005757 · Cited by 327

Social determinants: taking the social context of asthma seriously

Williams, D. R., Sternthal, M., & Wright, R. J. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2233h · Cited by 319

Racial/ethnic differences in multimorbidity development and chronic disease accumulation for middle-aged adults

Quiñones, A. R., Botoseneanu, A., Markwardt, S., Nagel, C. L., Newsom, J. T., Dorr, D. A., & Allore, H. G. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218462 · Cited by 317

Differences in control of cardiovascular disease and diabetes by race, ethnicity, and education: U.S. trends from 1999 to 2006 and effects of medicare coverage

McWilliams, J. M., Meara, E., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-00005 · Cited by 315

Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Calvin, R., Winters, K., Wyatt, S. B., Williams, D. R., Henderson, F. C., & Walker, E. R. (2003) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-200306000-00003 · Cited by 313

Why do providers contribute to disparities and what can be done about it?

Burgess, D. J., Fu, S. S., & Ryn, M. (2004) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30227.x · Cited by 310

Services for Adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

Shattuck, P. T., Roux, A. M., Hudson, L. E., Taylor, J. L., Maenner, M. J., & Trani, J.-F. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700503 · Cited by 289

Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Interventions to Reduce Pain in Patients With Cancer

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