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Cited by 398Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyMental Health Research Topics

The influence of genetic factors and life stress on depression among adolescent girls

Silberg, Judy, Pickles, Andrew, Rutter, Michael, Hewitt, John, Simonoff, Emily, Maes, Hermine, Carbonneau, Rene, Murrelle, Lenn +2 more·1999·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.225
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The possible causes of greater depression among adolescent girls were investigated by examining variation in the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors among 182 prepubertal female, 237 prepubertal male, 314 pubertal female, and 171 pubertal male twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. OBJECTIVES: To compare the trajectory of depressive symptoms among boys and girls from childhood to adolescence; to analyze the role of genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors in depression among prepubertal and pubertal male and female twins; and to investigate a possible link between liability to depression and one salient index of the child's environment: past-year life events. METHODS: Child-reported depression was assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Interview and ratings of past-year life events and pubertal status obtained by maternal questionnaire and interview, respectively. RESULTS: The impact of life events on depression was particularly evident in the adolescent girls. The results from model fitting indicate increased heritability for depression in this group, and its long-term consistency was mediated primarily by latent genetic factors. Model fitting also showed that at least part of the liability to depression and to life events can be linked to a common set of genes in the adolescent girls, and there is a notable developmental increase in the genetic variance for life events. CONCLUSIONS: The greater heritability for depression in pubertal girls, its genetic mediation over time, and the increase in genetic variance for life events may be one possible explanation for the emergence of increased depression among pubertal girls and its persistence through adolescence.

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Authors
Silberg, J., Pickles, A., Rutter, M., Hewitt, J., Simonoff, E., Maes, H., Carbonneau, R., Murrelle, L., Foley, D., & Eaves, L.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1999-03-01
Volume
56
Issue
3
Pages
225
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.225
OpenAlex
W2028652183
Cited by
398
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 13
FWCI
21.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R29MH055557, MH45268, R01MH045268, MH-55557)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords
adolescent depression, adolescent girls, genetic susceptibility, life events, pubertal development, twin pairs, sex differences in depression
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Models, Genetic, Personality Inventory, Puberty, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Variation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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