Differential expression of orexin receptors 1 and 2 in the rat brain
Abstract
Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides synthesized in the central nervous system exclusively by neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin-containing neurons have widespread projections and have been implicated in complex physiological functions including feeding behavior, sleep states, neuroendocrine function, and autonomic control. Two orexin receptors (OX(1)R and OX(2)R) have been identified, with distinct expression patterns throughout the brain, but a systematic examination of orexin receptor expression in the brain has not appeared. We used in situ hybridization histochemistry to examine the patterns of expression of mRNA for both orexin receptors throughout the brain. OX(1)R mRNA was observed in many brain regions including the prefrontal and infralimbic cortex, hippocampus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus. OX(2)R mRNA was prominent in a complementary distribution including the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, hippocampus, medial thalamic groups, raphe nuclei, and many hypothalamic nuclei including the tuberomammillary nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and ventral premammillary nucleus. The differential distribution of orexin receptors is consistent with the proposed multifaceted roles of orexin in regulating homeostasis and may explain the unique role of the OX(2)R receptor in regulating sleep state stability.
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Orexin receptor 1 and/or orexin receptor 2 are expressed in several brain areas engaged during anxiety and fear processing, including the hippocampus, amygdala and mPFC.
“The orexin receptor 1 and/or orexin receptor 2 receptor are expressed in several brain areas that are engaged during anxiety and fear processing including the hippocampus, amygdala and mPFC (Flores, Saravia, Maldonado, & Berrendero, 2015;Marcus et al., 2001).”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Marcus et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Marcus, J. N., Aschkenasi, C. J., Lee, C. E., Chemelli, R. M., Saper, C. B., Yanagisawa, M., & Elmquist, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elmquist, Joel K.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-05-14
- Volume
- 435
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-25
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2013655437
- Cited by
- 1,659
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 89
- FWCI
- 30.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-60922, R01HL060922)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061583, MH61583)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK53301, P01DK056116, DK56116)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- orexin receptors, OX1 receptor, OX2 receptor, orexin, rat brain, hypothalamus, sleep regulation, homeostasis, hippocampus, raphe nuclei, tuberomammillary nucleus, prefrontal cortex, infralimbic cortex, septal nuclei
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Feeding Behavior, Hippocampus, Hypothalamic Area, Lateral, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Narcolepsy, Raphe Nuclei, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, Gene Expression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In Situ Hybridization, Receptors, Neuropeptide, Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Rats, Orexin Receptors
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