TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A META-ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE ESTIMATES AND PREDICTORS: Review: Depression and Diabetes
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with depression may be at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and predictors of T2DM in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and where possible compare the prevalence of T2DM in those with MDD versus general population controls. METHODS: We searched major electronic databases until December 2014 for studies reporting T2DM prevalence in patients with MDD. Two independent authors extracted data and completed methodological quality appraisal in accordance with the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis was utilized. RESULTS: The initial electronic database search resulted in 145 valid hits and 16 publications with clearly defined MDD (n = 15,8834; 31% male; mean age = 39-78 years) met the eligibility criteria. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 8.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.3-10.2%). Mean age of the MDD sample predicted a higher prevalence of T2DM (β = 0.0411; 95% CI = 0.0032-0.079, P = .03; R² = .22). A comparative meta-analysis revealed people with MDD (n = 154,366) had a higher risk of T2DM versus general controls (n = 2,098,063; relative risk [RR] = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.29-1.72; P < 0.001, N = 10). The RR (N = 3) focusing on age- and gender-matched general population controls (n = 103,555) was 1.36 (95% CI = 1.28-1.44; P < 0.001, n [MDD] = 10,895). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM is significantly more common in people with MDD compared with the general population. The current meta-analysis indicates that action is needed in order to curb the diabetes epidemic in this high-risk population.
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The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, psychiatric and substance use disorders, poor health, mortality, disease and economic burden, and disability-years.
“The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, 3,4 psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs), [5][6][7][8][9] poor health, 10,11 mortality, 12 disease and economic burden, 12 and disability-years.[13][14][15][16]”
From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Epidemiological research has applied syndemic frameworks to characterise pervasive relationships between poverty and diabetes with mental illness and infectious diseases in low-income settings.
“For instance, epidemiological research has applied syndemic frameworks to characterise the pervasive relationships between poverty and diabetes with mental illness and infectious diseases in low-income settings.74”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
Betahistine has low-level evidence for use in olanzapine-induced weight gain.
“Low-level evidence for use in olanzapineinduced weight gain.74,75”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
Depression is associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome (eg, obesity).
“It is well established that DEP is associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome (eg, obesity).[10]”
From Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Vancampfort, D., Mitchell, A. J., De Hert, M., Sienaert, P., Probst, M., Buys, R., & Stubbs, B.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- 1UPC KU Leuven; Campus Kortenberg; KU Leuven; Department of Neurosciences; Belgium
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vancampfort, Davy
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-26
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 763-773
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1906082830
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, major depressive disorder, depression, diabetes prevalence, risk factors, age, sex differences, general population comparison, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Major Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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