Adolescents' Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: Implications for the Development of Decision Making and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex.
Abstract
Healthy adolescents (79 girls, 66 boys), ages 9-17, completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; A. Bechara, A. R. Damasio, H. Damasio, & S. W. Anderson, 1994) as well as working memory (digit span) and behavioral inhibition (go/no-go) tasks. Cross-sectional age-related changes were seen on all 3 tasks. Gender differences were seen in IGT deck preference and attentional variables (i.e., go/no-go hit rate and forward digit span). After age, gender, and general intellectual abilities were controlled for, IGT performance was not predicted by working memory or behavioral inhibition scores. Findings suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or its connections are functionally maturing during adolescence in a manner that can be distinguished from maturation of other prefrontal regions. Development of these functions may continue into young adulthood.
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Ventral and dorsal prefrontal regions are among the last to mature, and fMRI studies show age differences in activation in ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
“Both the ventral and dorsal regions of the PFC are among the last brain regions to mature, undergoing significant structural and functional changes during development.71–76”
From Neural Substrates of Childhood Anxiety Disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [78]
Adolescents' behaviors in motivational and psychosocial contexts often fall short of what would be expected on the basis of their otherwise strong levels of ability or available resources.
“Adolescents’ behaviors in motivational and psychosocial contexts often fall short of what would be expected on the basis of their otherwise strong levels of ability or available resources (Hooper et al., 2004; Steinberg et al., 2009).”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Hooper et al., 2004
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hooper, C. J., Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M., & Yarger, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1148-1158
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W2105218783
- Cited by
- 412
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- Iowa Gambling Task, decision-making, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, adolescent brain development, working memory, behavioral inhibition, gender differences, age-related changes, emotional decision-making, prefrontal cortex maturation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Development, Cross-Sectional Studies, Decision Making, Female, Gambling, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Psychometrics, Prefrontal Cortex
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