Biomarkers of Pathological Dissociation: A Systematic Review

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042

Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale

BERNSTEIN, E. M., & PUTNAM, F. W. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004 · Cited by 3,793

Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC

Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053

Reprint—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & and the PRISMA Group (2009) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/89.9.873 · Cited by 2,486

The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project: Precision Medicine for Psychiatry

Insel, T. R. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14020138 · Cited by 1,472

Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations

Vasan, R. S. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.482570 · Cited by 1,212

Emotion Modulation in PTSD: Clinical and Neurobiological Evidence for a Dissociative Subtype

Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E., Loewenstein, R. J., Brand, B., Schmahl, C., Bremner, J. D., & Spiegel, D. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09081168 · Cited by 1,123

Developmental traumatology part II: brain development∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.

De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Clark, D. B., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Boring, A. M., Frustaci, K., & Ryan, N. D. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-1 · Cited by 974

Biomarkers: Potential uses and limitations

Mayeux, R. P. (2004) · NeuroRx · doi:10.1602/neurorx.1.2.182 · Cited by 972

Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse

STEIN, M. B., KOVEROLA, C., HANNA, C., TORCHIA, M. G., & McCLARTY, B. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005242 · Cited by 924

Brain disorders? Precisely

Insel, T. R., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab2358 · Cited by 840

MRI and PET Study of Deficits in Hippocampal Structure and Function in Women With Childhood Sexual Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Bremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Southwick, S. M., McGlashan, T. H., Nazeer, A., Khan, S., Vaccarino, V., Soufer, R., Garg, P. K., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924 · Cited by 755

Developmental traumatology part I: biological stress systems∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.

De Bellis, M. D., Baum, A. S., Birmaher, B., Keshavan, M. S., Eccard, C. H., Boring, A. M., Jenkins, F. J., & Ryan, N. D. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00044-x · Cited by 741

What is the test–retest reliability of common task-functional MRI measures? New empirical evidence and a meta-analysis

Elliott, M. L., Knodt, A. R., Ireland, D., Morris, M. L., Poulton, R., Ramrakha, S., Sison, M. L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Hariri, A. R. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620916786 · Cited by 714

Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress

Hodes, G. E., Pfau, M. L., Leboeuf, M., Golden, S. A., Christoffel, D. J., Bregman, D., Rebusi, N., Heshmati, M., Aleyasin, H., Warren, B. L., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415191111 · Cited by 692

Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.

Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P. A., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027447 · Cited by 667

Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample

OGAWA, J. R., SROUFE, L. A., WEINFIELD, N. S., CARLSON, E. A., & EGELAND, B. (1997) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579497001478 · Cited by 649

Strategic roadmap for an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on biomarkers

Frisoni, G. B., Boccardi, M., Barkhof, F., Blennow, K., Cappa, S., Chiotis, K., Démonet, J.-F., Garibotto, V., Giannakopoulos, P., Gietl, A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30159-x · Cited by 626

Are there two qualitatively distinct forms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications

Holmes, E. A., Brown, R. J., Mansell, W., Fearon, R. P., Hunter, E. C. M., Frasquilho, F., & Oakley, D. A. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.006 · Cited by 619

Dissociation in children and adolescents: a developmental perspective

(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-4803 · Cited by 590

Dissociation in psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis of studies using the dissociative experiences scale

Lyssenko, L., Schmahl, C., Bockhacker, L., Vonderlin, R., Bohus, M., & Kleindienst, N. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010025 · Cited by 541

Brain activation during script-driven imagery induced dissociative responses in PTSD: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Boksman, K., Densmore, M., Gupta, M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Gati, J. S., & Menon, R. S. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01367-7 · Cited by 505

THE DISSOCIATIVE SUBTYPE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: RATIONALE, CLINICAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, AND IMPLICATIONS: Dissociative Subtype of PTSD

Lanius, R. A., Brand, B., Vermetten, E., Frewen, P. A., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21889 · Cited by 459

Alterations in default network connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder related to early-life trauma

Bluhm, R. L., Williamson, P. C., Osuch, E. A., Frewen, P. A., Stevens, T. K., Boksman, K., Neufeld, R. W. J., Théberge, J., & Lanius, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0925 · Cited by 422

Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss

Vuilleumier, P. O. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.6.1077 · Cited by 420

Why are depressed patients inflamed? A reflection on 20 years of research on depression, glucocorticoid resistance and inflammation

Pariante, C. M. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.04.001 · Cited by 382

Neural correlates of reexperiencing, avoidance, and dissociation in PTSD: symptom dimensions and emotion dysregulation in responses to script-driven trauma imagery.

Hopper, J. W., Frewen, P. A., van der Kolk, B. A., & Lanius, R. A. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20284 · Cited by 376

Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder in Adults, Third Revision

International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociati (2011) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.537247 · Cited by 374

The functional anatomy of a hysterical paralysis

Marshall, J. C., Halligan, P. W., Fink, G. R., Wade, D. T., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1997) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(97)00020-6 · Cited by 372

Positron emission tomographic imaging of neural correlates of a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm in women with childhood sexual-abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder

BREMNER, J. D., VERMETTEN, E., SCHMAHL, C., VACCARINO, V., VYTHILINGAM, M., AFZAL, N., GRILLON, C., & CHARNEY, D. S. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704003290 · Cited by 370

Is the coverage of google scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews

Gehanno, J.-F., Rollin, L., & Darmoni, S. (2013) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-7 · Cited by 357

Emotional stimuli and motor conversion disorder

Voon, V., Brezing, C., Gallea, C., Ameli, R., Roelofs, K., LaFrance, W. C., & Hallett, M. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq054 · Cited by 353

Current status on behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: A search for clarity in a conflicting literature

Zoladz, P. R., & Diamond, D. M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.024 · Cited by 339

The involuntary nature of conversion disorder

Voon, V., Gallea, C., Hattori, N., Bruno, M., Ekanayake, V., & Hallett, M. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ca00e9 · Cited by 335

Self-Regulation of Amygdala Activation Using Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback

Zotev, V. S., Krüeger, F., Phillips, R., Alvarez, R. P., Simmons, W. K., Bellgowan, P. S. F., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024522 · Cited by 332

Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from the world mental health surveys

Stein, D. J., Koenen, K. C., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., Ruscio, A. M., Shahly, V., Spiegel, D., Borges, G., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.022 · Cited by 328

Feeling Unreal: A PET Study of Depersonalization Disorder

Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Hazlett, E. A., Spiegel-Cohen, J., Hollander, E., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1782 · Cited by 320

Cortisol response to a cognitive stress challenge in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse

Bremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Adil, J., Khan, S., Nazeer, A., Afzal, N., McGlashan, T. H., Elzinga, B. M., Anderson, G. M., et al. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00067-7 · Cited by 312

The search for imaging biomarkers in psychiatric disorders

Abi-Dargham, A., & Horga, G. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4190 · Cited by 311

Toward a Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Self‐Dysregulation: Reexperiencing, Hyperarousal, Dissociation, and Emotional Numbing

FREWEN, P. A., & LANIUS, R. A. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.010 · Cited by 306

Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Dissociative Identity Disorder

Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C., Lindner, S., Loewenstein, R. J., & Bremner, J. D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.630 · Cited by 296

Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Amygdala Activity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Young, K. D., Zotev, V. S., Phillips, R., Misaki, M., Yuan, H., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088785 · Cited by 294

Relations among psychological trauma, dissociative phenomena, and trauma-related distress A review and integration

Gershuny, B. S. (1999) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00103-2 · Cited by 292

Reproducibility

McNutt, M. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1250475 · Cited by 291

Cognitive processes in dissociation: An analysis of core theoretical assumptions.

Giesbrecht, T., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Merckelbach, H. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.617 · Cited by 290

Prevalence of Dissociative Disorders in Psychiatric Outpatients

Foote, B., Smolin, Y., Kaplan, M., Legatt, M. E., & Lipschitz, D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.623 · Cited by 277

The neurobiology of emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: amygdala downregulation via real‐time fMRI neurofeedback

Nicholson, A. A., Rabellino, D., Densmore, M., Frewen, P. A., Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Schmahl, C., Théberge, J., Neufeld, R. W. J., McKinnon, M. C., et al. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23402 · Cited by 273

Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: Description and recommendations

Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. M., Lancaster, J. L., & Fox, P. T. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23342 · Cited by 270

Beyond Lumping and Splitting: A Review of Computational Approaches for Stratifying Psychiatric Disorders

Marquand, A. F., Wolfers, T., Mennes, M., Buitelaar, J. K., & Beckmann, C. F. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.04.002 · Cited by 267

Functional connectivity of dissociative responses in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation.

Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Bluhm, R. L., Densmore, M., Boksman, K., Neufeld, R. W. J., Gati, J. S., & Menon, R. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.011 · Cited by 260

Depersonalization: a selective impairment of self-awareness

Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.018 · Cited by 254

A Latent Class Analysis of Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Reardon, A. F., Ryabchenko, K. A., Castillo, D. T., & Freund, R. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1574 · Cited by 253

Conceptual perspective and lexical choice in acquisition

Clark, E. V. (1997) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(97)00010-3 · Cited by 246

Motor inhibition in hysterical conversion paralysis

Cojan, Y., Waber, L., Carruzzo, A., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.023 · Cited by 237

Aberrant supplementary motor complex and limbic activity during motor preparation in motor conversion disorder

Voon, V., Brezing, C., Gallea, C., & Hallett, M. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23890 · Cited by 237

Dissociative Disorders in DSM-5

Spiegel, D., Lewis‐Fernández, R., Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Simeon, D., & Friedman, M. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185531 · Cited by 229

Autonomic Response in Depersonalization Disorder

Sierra, M., Senior, C., Dalton, J., McDonough, M., Bond, A., Phillips, M. L., O'Dwyer, A. M., & David, A. S. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.833 · Cited by 225

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dorahy, M. J., Brand, B. L., Şar, V., Krüger, C., Stavropoulos, P., Martínez-Taboas, A., Lewis-Fernández, R., & Middleton, W. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414527523 · Cited by 225

Neural Correlates of Recall of Life Events in Conversion Disorder

Aybek, S., Nicholson, T. R., Zelaya, F. O., O’Daly, O., Craig, T., David, A. S., & Kanaan, R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2842 · Cited by 219

Depersonalization disorder: thinking without feeling.

Phillips, M. L., Medford, N., Senior, C., Bullmore, E. T., Suckling, J., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., Sierra, M., Williams, S. C. R., & David, A. S. (2001) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(01)00119-6 · Cited by 215

Diagnostic Biomarkers for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Promising Horizons from Translational Neuroscience Research

Michopoulos, V., Norrholm, S. D., & Jovanovic, T. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.005 · Cited by 206

Individual differences v. the average patient: mapping the heterogeneity in ADHD using normative models

Wolfers, T., Beckmann, C. F., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., & Marquand, A. F. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000084 · Cited by 205

Acute stress disorder revisited

Cardeña, E., & Carlson, E. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104502 · Cited by 204

Comparing the coverage, recall, and precision of searches for 120 systematic reviews in Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar: a prospective study

Bramer, W. M., Giustini, D., & Kramer, B. M. R. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0215-7 · Cited by 202

Altered central somatosensory processing in chronic pain patients with “hysterical” anesthesia

Mailis, A., Giannoylis, I., Downar, J. H., Kwan, C. L., Mikulis, D. J., Crawley, A. P., Nicholson, K., & Davis, K. D. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.60.9.1501 · Cited by 201

Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder part I: Definitions and review of research.

Carlson, E. B., Dalenberg, C. J., & McDade‐Montez, E. (2012) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0027748 · Cited by 200

Sex differences in brain maturation in maltreatment-related pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder

Bellis, M. D. D., & Keshavan, M. S. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00013-7 · Cited by 196

Psychobiological characteristics of dissociative identity disorder: a symptom provocation study

Reinders, A. A. T. S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Quak, J., Korf, J., Haaksma, J., Paans, A. M. J., Willemsen, A. T. M., & den Boer, J. A. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.019 · Cited by 196

Motor imagery: A window into the mechanisms and alterations of the motor system

de Lange, F. P., Karin Roelofs, A., & Toni, I. (2007) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2007.09.002 · Cited by 192

Potentiated amygdala response to repeated emotional pictures in borderline personality disorder

Hazlett, E. A., Zhang, J., New, A. S., Zelmanova, Y., Goldstein, K. E., Haznedar, M. M., Meyerson, D., Goodman, M., Siever, L. J., & Chu, K.-W. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.027 · Cited by 186

Emotion-motion interactions in conversion disorder: An FMRI study

Aybek, S., Nicholson, T. R., O’Daly, O., Zelaya, F., Kanaan, R. A., & David, A. S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123273 · Cited by 183

Superior temporal gyrus volumes in maltreated children and adolescents with ptsd

Bellis, M. D. D., Keshavan, M. S., Frustaci, K., Shifflett, H., Iyengar, S., Beers, S. R., & Hall, J. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01374-9 · Cited by 181

One brain, two selves

Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.021 · Cited by 181

The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder: unique resting-state functional connectivity of basolateral and centromedial amygdala complexes.

Nicholson, A. A., Densmore, M., Frewen, P. A., Théberge, J., Neufeld, R. W., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.79 · Cited by 180

The Objective Study of a Multiple Personality

Ludwig, A. M. (1972) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750220008002 · Cited by 178

Affective dysregulation and dissociative experience in female patients with borderline personality disorder: a startle response study

Ebner‐Priemer, U., Badeck, S., Beckmann, C., Wagner, A. W., Feige, B., Weiss, I. C., Lieb, K., & Bohus, M. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.05.001 · Cited by 178

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Dissociative Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Healthy Volunteers

Simeon, D., Knutelska, M., Yehuda, R., Putnam, F., Schmeidler, J., & Smith, L. M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.030 · Cited by 174

Dissociative States With Abnormal Temporal Lobe EEG

Mesulam, M. M. (1981) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1981.00510030070010 · Cited by 173

Dissociation predicts poor response to dialectial behavioral therapy in female patients with borderline personality disorder

Kleindienst, N., Limberger, M. F., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., Keibel-Mauchnik, J., Dyer, A., Berger, M., Schmahl, C., & Bohus, M. (2011) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.4.432 · Cited by 171

fMRI in Patients With Motor Conversion Symptoms and Controls With Simulated Weakness

Stone, J., Zeman, A. Z., Simonotto, E., Meyer, M. E., Azuma, R., Flett, S., & Sharpe, M. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31815b6c14 · Cited by 170

Epilepsy biomarkers – Toward etiology and pathology specificity

Pitkänen, A., Ndode‐Ekane, X. E., Lapinlampi, N., & Puhakka, N. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.007 · Cited by 170

Dissociative responses to conscious and non-conscious fear impact underlying brain function in post-traumatic stress disorder

Felmingham, K., Kemp, A. H., Williams, L., Falconer, E., Olivieri, G., Peduto, A., & Bryant, R. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708002742 · Cited by 165

Elevated pain thresholds correlate with dissociation and aversive arousal in patients with borderline personality disorder

Ludäscher, P., Bohus, M., Lieb, K., Philipsen, A., Jochims, A., & Schmahl, C. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.04.009 · Cited by 163

Dynamic causal modeling in PTSD and its dissociative subtype: Bottom–up versus top–down processing within fear and emotion regulation circuitry

Nicholson, A. A., Friston, K. J., Zeidman, P., Harricharan, S., McKinnon, M. C., Densmore, M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Théberge, J., Corrigan, F., Jetly, R., et al. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23748 · Cited by 159

In search of biomarkers in psychiatry: EEG‐based measures of brain function

McLoughlin, G., Makeig, S., & Tsuang, M. T. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32208 · Cited by 155

Childhood abuse and dissociative symptoms in adult schizophrenia

Holowka, D. W., King, S., Saheb, D., Pukall, M., & Brunet, A. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00296-7 · Cited by 154

The trauma model of dissociation: Inconvenient truths and stubborn fictions. Comment on Dalenberg et al. (2012)

Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., Merckelbach, H., Giesbrecht, T., McNally, R. J., Loftus, E. F., Bruck, M., Garry, M., & Malaktaris, A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035570 · Cited by 152

How Do You Feel when You Can't Feel Your Body? Interoception, Functional Connectivity and Emotional Processing in Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

Sedeño, L., Couto, B., Melloni, M., Canales‐Johnson, A., Yoris, A., Báez, S., Esteves, S., Toledo, M. M. V., Barttfeld, P., Sigman, M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098769 · Cited by 150

Distinct intrinsic network connectivity patterns of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters

Tursich, M., Ros, T., Frewen, P. A., Kluetsch, R. C., Calhoun, V. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12387 · Cited by 148

Emotional learning during dissociative states in borderline personality disorder

Ebner-Priemer, U. W., Mauchnik, J., Kleindienst, N., Schmahl, C., Peper, M., Rosenthal, M. Z., Flor, H., & Bohus, M. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0929 · Cited by 147

A positron emission tomography study of memories of childhood abuse in borderline personality disorder.

Schmahl, C., Vermetten, E., Elzinga, B., & Bremner, J. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.007 · Cited by 145

Heart rate variability in response to affective scenes in posttraumatic stress disorder

Hauschildt, M., Peters, M. J. V., Moritz, S., & Jelinek, L. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.08.004 · Cited by 141

Amygdala and hippocampal volumes and cognition in adult survivors of childhood abuse with dissociative disorders

Weniger, G., Lange, C., Sachsse, U., & Irle, E. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01246.x · Cited by 140

A Review of the Neurobiological Basis of Trauma-Related Dissociation and Its Relation to Cannabinoid- and Opioid-Mediated Stress Response: a Transdiagnostic, Translational Approach

Lanius, R. A., Boyd, J. E., McKinnon, M. C., Nicholson, A. A., Frewen, P., Vermetten, E., Jetly, R., & Spiegel, D. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0983-y · Cited by 138

Dissociation and its disorders: competing models, future directions, and a way forward

Lynn, S. J., Maxwell, R., Merckelbach, H., Lilienfeld, S. O., Kloet, D. V. H.-V. D., & Miskovic, V. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101755 · Cited by 134

Pain sensitivity and neural processing during dissociative states in patients with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study

Ludäscher, P., Valerius, G., Stiglmayr, C., Mauchnik, J., Lanius, R. A., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.090022 · Cited by 131

Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder

Krause-Utz, A., Oei, N. Y. L., Niedtfeld, I., Bohus, M., Spinhoven, P., Schmahl, C., & Elzinga, B. M. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000153 · Cited by 131

Aberrant connectivity of resting-state networks in borderline personality disorder

Wolf, R. C., Sambataro, F., Vasic, N., Schmid, M., Thomann, P. A., Bienentreu, S. D., & Wolf, N. D. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.100150 · Cited by 130

Dissociation Predicts Symptom-Related Treatment Outcome in Short-Term Inpatient Psychotherapy

Spitzer, C., Barnow, S., Freyberger, H. J., & Joergen Grabe, H. (2007) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701449146 · Cited by 129

Increased self-monitoring during imagined movements in conversion paralysis

de Lange, F. P., Karin Roelofs, A., & Toni, I. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.002 · Cited by 128

Trauma-related dissociation and altered states of consciousness: a call for clinical, treatment, and neuroscience research

Lanius, R. A. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27905 · Cited by 127

fMRI functional connectivity of the periaqueductal gray in PTSD and its dissociative subtype

Harricharan, S., Rabellino, D., Frewen, P. A., Densmore, M., Théberge, J., McKinnon, M. C., Schore, A. N., & Lanius, R. A. (2016) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.579 · Cited by 127

The Many Faces of Dissociation: Opportunities for Innovative Research in Psychiatry

Şar, V. (2014) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.171 · Cited by 124

Functional brain imaging in 14 patients with dissociative amnesia reveals right inferolateral prefrontal hypometabolism

Brand, M., Eggers, C., Reinhold, N., Fujiwara, E., Kessler, J., Heiss, W., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.03.008 · Cited by 124

Toward Precision Medicine

National Research Council (2011) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/13284 · Cited by 123

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States

Reinders, A. A. T. S., Willemsen, A. T. M., Vos, H. P. J., den Boer, J. A., & Nijenhuis, E. R. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039279 · Cited by 120

Where Are We Going? An Update on Assessment, Treatment, and Neurobiological Research in Dissociative Disorders as We Move Toward the DSM-5

Brand, B. L., Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Loewenstein, R. J., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.620687 · Cited by 119

Attachment trauma and the developing right brain: Origins of pathological dissociation.

Schore, A. N. (2009) · Cited by 117

Dissociation and Alterations in Brain Function and Structure: Implications for Borderline Personality Disorder

Krause-Utz, A., Frost, R., Winter, D., & Elzinga, B. M. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0757-y · Cited by 116

Cingulo-insular structural alterations associated with psychogenic symptoms, childhood abuse and PTSD in functional neurological disorders

Perez, D. L., Matin, N., Barsky, A., Costumero-Ramos, V., Makaretz, S. J., Young, S. S., Sepulcre, J., LaFranceJr, W. C., Keshavan, M. S., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-314998 · Cited by 114

Unexplained neurologic symptoms: An fMRI study of sensory conversion disorder

Ghaffar, O., Staines, R. W., & Feinstein, A. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247275.68402.fc · Cited by 111

Dissociation following traumatic medical treatment procedures in childhood: A longitudinal follow-up

Diseth, T. H. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060135 · Cited by 111

Effects of trauma-related cues on pain processing in posttraumatic stress disorder: an fMRI investigation

Mickleborough, M. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.080188 · Cited by 110

Abnormal brain activation during movement observation in patients with conversion paralysis

Burgmer, M., Konrad, C., Jansen, A., Kugel, H., Sommer, J. B., Heindel, W. L., Ringelstein, E. B., Heuft, G., & Knecht, S. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.033 · Cited by 109

EEG theta activity and pain insensitivity in self-injurious borderline patients

Russ, M. J., Campbell, S. S., Kakuma, T., Harrison, K. M., & Zanine, E. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00113-4 · Cited by 107

Trauma and Dissociation: Implications for Borderline Personality Disorder

Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., & Spiegel, D. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0434-8 · Cited by 106

Imaging Repressed Memories in Motor Conversion Disorder

Kanaan, R., Craig, T., Wessely, S., & David, A. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31802e4297 · Cited by 105

Dissociative experiences in obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: Clinical and genetic findings

Löchner, C., Seedat, S., Hemmings, S. M. J., Kinnear, C. J., Corfield, V. A., Niehaus, D. J. H., Moolman‐Smook, J. C., & Stein, D. J. (2004) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.03.010 · Cited by 103

A preliminary study of cortisol and norepinephrine reactivity to psychosocial stress in borderline personality disorder with high and low dissociation

Simeon, D., Knutelska, M., Smith, L. M., Baker, B. R., & Hollander, E. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.11.014 · Cited by 100

Abnormal hippocampal morphology in dissociative identity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder correlates with childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms

Chalavi, S., Vissia, E. M., Giesen, M. E., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Draijer, N., Cole, J. H., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C. M., Madsen, S. K., Rajagopalan, P., et al. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22730 · Cited by 100

Early-life trauma endophenotypes and brain circuit-gene expression relationships in functional neurological (conversion) disorder

Diez, I., Larson, A. G., Nakhate, V., Dunn, E. C., Fricchione, G. L., Nicholson, T. R., Sepulcre, J., & Perez, D. L. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0665-0 · Cited by 100

Corticolimbic fast-tracking: enhanced multimodal integration in functional neurological disorder

Diez, I., Ortiz-Terán, L., Williams, B., Jalilianhasanpour, R., Ospina, J. P., Dickerson, B. C., Keshavan, M. S., LaFrance Jr, W. C., Sepulcre, J., & Perez, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2018-319657 · Cited by 99

Depression, traumatic stress and interleukin-6

Bob, P., Raboch, J., Maes, M., Susta, M., Pavlat, J., Jasova, D., Vevera, J., Uhrova, J., Benakova, H., & Zima, T. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.03.017 · Cited by 97

Correlation of Glutamate Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex With Self-reported Impulsivity in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Healthy Controls

Hoerst, M., Weber-Fahr, W., Tunc-Skarka, N., Ruf, M., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Ende, G. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.93 · Cited by 97

Genetic approaches for the study of PTSD: Advances and challenges

Banerjee, S. B., Morrison, F. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.058 · Cited by 97

Associations of childhood trauma with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in borderline personality disorder and major depression.

Fernando, S. C., Beblo, T., Schlosser, N., Terfehr, K., Otte, C., Löwe, B., Wolf, O. T., Spitzer, C., Driessen, M., & Wingenfeld, K. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.012 · Cited by 96

Opposite brain emotion-regulation patterns in identity states of dissociative identity disorder: A PET study and neurobiological model

Reinders, A. A. T. S., Willemsen, A. T. M., den Boer, J. A., Vos, H. P. J., Veltman, D. J., & Loewenstein, R. J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.005 · Cited by 96

A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions

McKinnon, M. C., Boyd, J. E., Frewen, P. A., Lanius, U. F., Jetly, R., Richardson, J. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.017 · Cited by 94

Impaired emotion processing in functional (psychogenic) tremor: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Espay, A. J., Maloney, T., Vannest, J. J., Norris, M. M., Eliassen, J. C., Neefus, E., Allendorfer, J. B., Lang, A. E., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.020 · Cited by 94

PTSD and its dissociative subtype through the lens of the insula: Anterior and posterior insula resting‐state functional connectivity and its predictive validity using machine learning

Harricharan, S., Nicholson, A. A., Thome, J., Densmore, M., McKinnon, M. C., Théberge, J., Frewen, P. A., Neufeld, R. W. J., & Lanius, R. A. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13472 · Cited by 94

Inferior frontal white matter microstructure and patterns of psychopathology in women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Rüsch, N., Weber, M., Il’yasov, K. A., Lieb, K., Ebert, D., Hennig, J., & van Elst, L. T. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.007 · Cited by 93

Dissociation and emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder

Barnow, S., Limberg, A., Stopsack, M., Spitzer, C., Grabe, H. J., Freyberger, H. J., & Hamm, A. O. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001917 · Cited by 93

Neural correlates of enhanced working-memory performance in dissociative disorder: a functional MRI study

ELZINGA, B. M., ARDON, A. M., HEIJNIS, M. K., De RUITER, M. B., VAN DYCK, R., & VELTMAN, D. J. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008932 · Cited by 92

Dissociative part-dependent biopsychosocial reactions to backward masked angry and neutral faces: An fMRI study of dissociative identity disorder

Schlumpf, Y. R., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Chalavi, S., Weder, E. V., Zimmermann, E., Luechinger, R., Marca, R. L., Reinders, A. A. T. S., & Jäncke, L. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.07.002 · Cited by 91

Frontal and occipital perfusion changes in dissociative identity disorder

Sar, V., Unal, S. N., & Ozturk, E. (2007) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.017 · Cited by 91

Alterations in Default Mode Network Connectivity During Pain Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder

Kluetsch, R. C., Schmahl, C., Niedtfeld, I., Densmore, M., Calhoun, V. D., Daniels, J., Kraus, A., Ludaescher, P., Bohus, M., & Lanius, R. A. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.476 · Cited by 91

Dissociative absorption: An empirically unique, clinically relevant, dissociative factor

Soffer‐Dudek, N., Lassri, D., Soffer-Dudek, N., & Shahar, G. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.013 · Cited by 87

Limbic and prefrontal responses to facial emotion expressions in depersonalization

Lemche, E., Surguladze, S. A., Giampietro, V., Anilkumar, A. P., Brammer, M. J., Sierra, M., Chitnis, X. A., Williams, S., Gasston, D., Joraschky, P., et al. (2007) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e328057deb3 · Cited by 87

Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a Controlled fMRI perfusion study

Schlumpf, Y. R., Reinders, A. A. T. S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Luechinger, R., van Osch, M. J. P., & Jäncke, L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098795 · Cited by 87

Impaired awareness of motor intention in functional neurological disorder: Implications for voluntary and functional movement

Baek, K., Doñamayor, N., Morris, L. S., Strelchuk, D., Mitchell, S., Mikheenko, Y., Yeoh, S. Y., Phillips, W., Zandi, M., Jenaway, A., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000071 · Cited by 87

Dissociative depression among women in the community

Sar, V., Akyüz, G., Öztürk, E., & Alioğlu, F. (2013) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.753654 · Cited by 86

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral response to visual stimulation in medically unexplained visual loss

Werring, D. J., Weston, L., Bullmore, E. T., Plant, G. T., & Ron, M. A. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703008985 · Cited by 86

Memory Repression: Brain Mechanisms underlying Dissociative Amnesia

Kikuchi, H., Fujii, T., Abe, N., Suzuki, M., Takagi, M., Mugikura, S., Takahashi, S., & Mori, E. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21212 · Cited by 85

Is it trauma- or fantasy-based? comparing dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, simulators, and controls

Vissia, E. M., Giesen, M. E., Chalavi, S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Draijer, N., Brand, B. L., & Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12590 · Cited by 85

Emotional memory in depersonalization disorder: a functional MRI study.

Medford, N., Brierley, B., Brammer, M., Bullmore, E. T., David, A. S., & Phillips, M. L. (2006) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.007 · Cited by 84

Voxel-Based Morphometry in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder with and without Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Niedtfeld I, I., Schulze, L., Krause-Utz, A., Demirakca, T., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065824 · Cited by 84

Amygdala Deactivation as a Neural Correlate of Pain Processing in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Co-Occurrent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Kraus, A., Esposito, F., Seifritz, E., Di Salle, F., Ruf, M., Valerius, G., Ludaescher, P., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.028 · Cited by 83

Symptom-specific amygdala hyperactivity modulates motor control network in conversion disorder

Hassa, T., Sebastian, A., Liepert, J., Weiller, C., Schmidt, R., & Tüscher, O. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.004 · Cited by 82

Reality versus fantasy: Reply to Lynn et al. (2014).

Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Loewenstein, R. J., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0036685 · Cited by 81

Size abnormalities of the superior parietal cortices are related to dissociation in borderline personality disorder

Irle, E., Lange, C., Weniger, G., & Sachsse, U. (2007) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.01.007 · Cited by 80

Altered connectivity between prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex in conversion paralysis

de Lange, F. P., Toni, I., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.029 · Cited by 80

Dissociative identity disorder: out of the shadows at last?

Reinders, A. A. T. S., & Veltman, D. J. (2020) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.168 · Cited by 80

Amygdala and anterior cingulate resting-state functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients with a history of interpersonal trauma

Krause-Utz, A., Veer, I. M., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C. G., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000324 · Cited by 79

Machine learning multivariate pattern analysis predicts classification of posttraumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype: a multimodal neuroimaging approach

Nicholson, A. A., Densmore, M., McKinnon, M. C., Neufeld, R. W. J., Frewen, P. A., Théberge, J., Jetly, R., Richardson, J. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002866 · Cited by 79

Cerebral blood flow changes in patients with conversion disorder

Yazici, M. K., & Kostakoğlu, L. (1998) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(98)00039-0 · Cited by 78

Anterior cingulate activity to salient stimuli is modulated by autonomic arousal in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Felmingham, K. L., Williams, L. M., Kemp, A. H., Rennie, C., Gordon, E., & Bryant, R. A. (2009) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.12.005 · Cited by 77

Corticolimbic structural alterations linked to health status and trait anxiety in functional neurological disorder

Perez, D. L., Williams, B., Matin, N., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Costumero, V., Fricchione, G. L., Sepulcre, J., Keshavan, M. S., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316359 · Cited by 77

A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF DISSOCIATION IN A TRAUMA-EXPOSED SAMPLE: Research Article: Genetics of Dissociation

Wolf, E. J., Rasmusson, A. M., Mitchell, K. S., Logue, M. W., Baldwin, C. T., & Miller, M. W. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22260 · Cited by 75

Aversive stimuli exacerbate defensive motor behaviour in motor conversion disorder

Blakemore, R. L., Sinanaj, I., Galli, S., Aybek, S., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.005 · Cited by 74

Real-time fMRI amygdala neurofeedback positive emotional training normalized resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without PTSD: a connectome-wide investigation

Misaki, M., Phillips, R., Zotev, V. S., Wong, C. K., Wurfel, B. E., Krüeger, F., Feldner, M. T., & Bodurka, J. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.025 · Cited by 74

Multiple Personality—An Objective Case Study

Larmore, K., Ludwig, A. M., & Cain, R. L. (1977) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.131.1.35 · Cited by 73

Aiding the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder: pattern recognition study of brain biomarkers

Reinders, A. A. T. S., Marquand, A. F., Schlumpf, Y. R., Chalavi, S., Vissia, E. M., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Dazzan, P., Jäncke, L., & Veltman, D. J. (2019) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.255 · Cited by 73

Childhood emotional abuse, dissociation, and suicidality among patients with drug dependency in Turkey

Tamar‐Gurol, D., Sar, V., Karadag, F., Evren, C., & Karagoz, M. (2008) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01847.x · Cited by 72

Cognitive processes in dissociation: Comment on Giesbrecht et al. (2008).

Bremner, J. D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018021 · Cited by 72

Gray matter volume alterations related to trait dissociation in PTSD and traumatized controls

Nardo, D., Högberg, G., Lanius, R. A., Jacobsson, H., Jonsson, C., Hällström, T., & Pagani, M. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12026 · Cited by 71

Grey matter abnormalities in children and adolescents with functional neurological symptom disorder

Kozlowska, K., Griffiths, K. R., Foster, S., Linton, J., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.028 · Cited by 71

Dissociation and symptom dimensions of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Rufer, M., Fricke, S., Held, D., Cremer, J., & Hand, I. (2005) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0620-8 · Cited by 70

Grey matter changes in motor conversion disorder

Aybek, S., Nicholson, T. R., Draganski, B., Daly, E., Murphy, D., David, A. S., & Kanaan, R. (2012) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304158 · Cited by 70

Dysfunction in emotion processing underlies functional (psychogenic) dystonia

Espay, A. J., Maloney, T., Vannest, J., Norris, M. M., Eliassen, J. C., Neefus, E., Allendorfer, J. B., Chen, R., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27217 · Cited by 69

Childhood and adult trauma both correlate with dorsal anterior cingulate activation to threat in combat veterans

Herringa, R. J., Phillips, M. L., Fournier, J. C. J., Kronhaus, D. M., & Germain, A. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002310 · Cited by 68

Associations between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Plasma Levels and Severity of the Illness, Recurrence and Symptoms in Depressed Patients

Dell’Osso, L., Debbio, A. D., Veltri, A., Bianchi, C., Roncaglia, I., Carlini, M., Massimetti, G., Dell’Osso, M. C., Vizzaccaro, C., Marazziti, D., et al. (2010) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000319946 · Cited by 68

Basal norepinephrine in depersonalization disorder

Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., Yehuda, R., & Schmeidler, J. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00205-1 · Cited by 68

Cortical thickness alterations linked to somatoform and psychological dissociation in functional neurological disorders

Perez, D. L., Matin, N., Williams, B., Tanev, K. S., Makris, N., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23853 · Cited by 67

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Dysregulation in Depersonalization Disorder

Simeon, D. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00288-3 · Cited by 66

Resting‐state functional connectivity of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in post‐traumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype

Rabellino, D., Densmore, M., Harricharan, S., Théberge, J., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23925 · Cited by 66

Memories of attachment hamper EEG cortical connectivity in dissociative patients

Farina, B., Speranza, A. M., Dittoni, S., Gnoni, V., Trentini, C., Vergano, C. M., Liotti, G., Brunetti, R., Testani, E., & Marca, G. D. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0461-9 · Cited by 65

Prolactin—a hormone that mirrors passiveness in crisis situations

Theorell, T. (1992) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02691090 · Cited by 65

Neurophysiological correlates of increased verbal working memory in high-dissociative participants: a functional MRI study

Veltman, D. J., de Ruiter, M. B., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Lazeron, R. H. C., Barkhof, F., van Dyck, R., Dolan, R. J., & Phaf, R. H. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002971 · Cited by 65

Volumetric investigation of brain regions in patients with conversion disorder

Atmaca, M., Aydın, A. M., Tezcan, E., Poyraz, A. K., & Kara, B. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.011 · Cited by 64

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Personality Switches in a Woman with Dissociative Identity Disorder

Tsai, G. E., Condie, D., Wu, M.-T., & Chang, I.-W. (1999) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1093/hrp/7.2.119 · Cited by 64

Sensory overload and imbalance: resting-state vestibular connectivity in PTSD and its dissociative subtype.

Harricharan, S., Nicholson, A. A., Densmore, M., Théberge, J., McKinnon, M. C., Neufeld, R. W. J., & Lanius, R. A. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.010 · Cited by 64

Similar cortical but not subcortical gray matter abnormalities in women with posttraumatic stress disorder with versus without dissociative identity disorder

Chalavi, S., Vissia, E. M., Giesen, M. E., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Draijer, N., Barker, G. J., Veltman, D. J., & Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2015) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.014 · Cited by 63

Reduced glucose metabolism in temporo-parietal cortices of women with borderline personality disorder

Lange, C., Kracht, L., Herholz, K., Sachsse, U., & Irle, E. (2005) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.05.003 · Cited by 63

Identifying motor functional neurological disorder using resting-state functional connectivity

Wegrzyk, J., Kebets, V., Richiardi, J., Galli, S., de Ville, D. V., & Aybek, S. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.012 · Cited by 62

The objective assessment of amnesia in dissociative identity disorder using event-related potentials

Allen, J. J. B. (2000) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00128-8 · Cited by 61

The relationship between childhood abuse and dissociation. Is it influenced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity?

Savitz, J. B., van der Merwe, L., Newman, T. K., Solms, M., Stein, D. J., & Ramesar, R. (2007) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145707007900 · Cited by 60

Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Peritraumatic Dissociation in an Acutely Traumatized Sample

Daniels, J. K., Coupland, N. J., Hegadoren, K. M., Rowe, B. H., Densmore, M., Neufeld, R. W. J., & Lanius, R. A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06642 · Cited by 59

Cerebral and autonomic responses to emotional facial expressions in depersonalisation disorder

Lemche, E., Anilkumar, A. P., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M. J., Surguladze, S. A., Lawrence, N., Gasston, D., Chitnis, X. A., Williams, S., Sierra, M., et al. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044263 · Cited by 59

Dissociation and dissociative mechanisms in panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and depression: A review and heuristic framework.

Soffer‐Dudek, N. (2014) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000023 · Cited by 59

Autonomic response in the perception of disgust and happiness in depersonalization disorder

Sierra, M., Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., & David, A. S. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.05.022 · Cited by 58

Dissociative Disorders Among Chinese Inpatients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia

Yu, J., Ross, C. A., Keyes, B. B., Li, Y., Dai, Y., Zhang, T., Wang, L., Fan, Q., & Xiao, Z. (2010) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299731003793468 · Cited by 58

Neurophysiologic Changes in Multiple Personality Due to Integration: A Preliminary Report

Braun, B. G. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.1983.10404148 · Cited by 58

A structural MRI study of motor conversion disorder: evidence of reduction in thalamic volume

Nicholson, T. R., Aybek, S., Kempton, M. J., Daly, E., Murphy, D., David, A. S., & Kanaan, R. (2013) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-305012 · Cited by 58

Interoceptive–reflective regions differentiate alexithymia traits in depersonalization disorder

Lemche, E., Brammer, M. J., David, A. S., Surguladze, S. A., Phillips, M. L., Sierra, M., Williams, S., & Giampietro, V. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.006 · Cited by 57

Reduced amygdala reactivity and impaired working memory during dissociation in borderline personality disorder

Krause-Utz, A., Winter, D., Schriner, F., Chiu, C.-D., Lis, S., Spinhoven, P., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Elzinga, B. M. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-017-0806-x · Cited by 57

Dinosaur Footprints and Other Ichnofauna from the Cretaceous Kem Kem Beds of Morocco

Ibrahim, N., Varricchio, D. J., Sereno, P. C., Wilson, J. A., Dutheil, D. B., Martill, D. M., Baïdder, L., & Zouhri, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090751 · Cited by 56

EEG Studies of Two Multiple Personalities and a Control

Coons, P. M. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070055010 · Cited by 56

HMPAO SPECT Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Dissociative Identity Disorder

Şar, V., Ünal, S. N., Kiziltan, E., Kundakçi, T., & Öztürk, E. (2001) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1300/j229v02n02_02 · Cited by 56

Neuroimaging in functional neurological disorder: State of the field and research agenda

Perez, D. L., Nicholson, T. R., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Bègue, I., Butler, M., Carson, A. J., David, A. S., Deeley, Q., Diez, I., Edwards, M. J., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102623 · Cited by 216

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Lynn, S. J., Polizzi, C. P., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., Chiu, C., Maxwell, R., der Kloet, D. V. H., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2022) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424 · Cited by 109

Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients

Beutler, S., Mertens, Y. L., Ladner, L., Schellong, J., Croy, I., & Daniels, J. K. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2132599 · Cited by 64

Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

Krause-Utz, A., Frost, R., Chatzaki, E., Winter, D., Schmahl, C. G., & Elzinga, B. M. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01246-8 · Cited by 67

Persistent Dissociation and Its Neural Correlates in Predicting Outcomes After Trauma Exposure

Lebois, L. A. M., Harnett, N. G., van Rooij, S. J. H., Ely, T. D., Jovanovic, T., Bruce, S. E., House, S. L., Ravichandran, C., Dumornay, N. M., Finegold, K. E., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21090911 · Cited by 60

Biological Correlates of Dissociative Disorders: A Systematic Review on Biomarkers and Trauma Connections

Caselli, I., Ielmini, M., Gastaldello, G., Bellini, A., & Callegari, C. (2025) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2025.2481031 · Cited by 4

Biomarkers of dissociation

Reinders, A. A. T. S., Young, A. H., & Veltman, D. J. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.511 · Cited by 10

Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD – a consensus statement. Part I: Neuroimaging and genetics

Bandelow, B., Baldwin, D. S., Abelli, M., Altamura, C. A., Dell’Osso, B. M., Domschke, K., Fineberg, N. A., Grünblatt, E., Jarema, M., Maron, E., et al. (2016) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1181783 · Cited by 174

Possible Neurobiological Underpinnings of Dissociation

Krause-Utz, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06339-7_6

Transdiagnostic Brain Connectivity Markers of Dissociation during Resting StatePreprint

Zhao, Z., Hampson, M., Nolte, T., Fonagy, P., Nolte, T., King‐Casas, B., Lohrenz, T. M., Shapiro-Thompson, R., Fineberg, S. K., & Montague, P. R. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jxays · Cited by 1