The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In PTSD, the trauma (i.e., an unconditioned stimulus) and the unconditioned fear response become associated with internal or environmental cues, which can themselves trigger intrusive memories, flashbacks, physiological arousal, and avoidance (Foa et al., 1989).”
From I've Seen Enough: Measuring the Toll of Content Moderation on Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as Foa et al., 1989
Citations
Cites
Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.49 · Cited by 7,121
Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494
Conditioned emotional reactions.
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0069608 · Cited by 2,005
A Bio‐Informational Theory of Emotional Imagery
Lang, P. J. (1979) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x · Cited by 1,750
Rachman, S. (1980) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(80)90069-8 · Cited by 657
Goldstein, A. J., & Chambless, D. L. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80053-7 · Cited by 572
A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitization procedure
Lang, P. J., Melamed, B. G., & Hart, J. (1970) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029875 · Cited by 463
Effects of coping behavior in different warning signal conditions on stress pathology in rats.
Weiss, J. M. (1971) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031583 · Cited by 390
Unpredictable and uncontrollable events: A new perspective on experimental neurosis.
Mineka, S., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.87.2.256 · Cited by 271
Self-control and predictability: Their effects on reactions to aversive stimulation.
Staub, E., Tursky, B., & Schwartz, G. E. (1971) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030851 · Cited by 244
Research works printed but not linked: 56
- Anderson, 1941, A long term study of the experimental neurosis in the sheep and dog, Psychosomatic Medicine Monographs, 2, 1
- Arthur, 1986, Stress of predictable and unpredictable shock, Psychological Bulletin, 100, 379, 10.1037/0033-2909.100.3.379 · DOI
- Badia, 1979, Choosing between predictable and unpredictable shock conditions: Data and theory, Psychological Bulletin, 86, 1107, 10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.1107 · DOI
- Badia, 1967, Preference for warned shock: Information and/or preparation, Psychological Reports, 20, 271, 10.2466/pr0.1967.20.1.271 · DOI
- Baum, 1970, Extinction of avoidance responding through response prevention (flooding), Psychological Bulletin, 74, 276, 10.1037/h0029789 · DOI
- Becker, 1984, Sexual problems of sexual assault survivors, Women & Health, 9, 5, 10.1300/J013v09n04_02 · DOI
- Black, 1982, Implosive therapy in the treatment of combat related fears in a World War II veteran, Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 13, 163, 10.1016/0005-7916(82)90061-1 · DOI
- Blanchard, 1986, Cardiac response to relevant stimuli as an adjunctive tool for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans, Behavior Therapy, 17, 592, 10.1016/S0005-7894(86)80097-1 · DOI
- Borkovec, 1979, The contribution of relaxation and expectance to fear reduction via graded imaginal exposure to feared stimuli, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 529, 10.1016/0005-7967(79)90096-2 · DOI
- Bower, 1981, Mood and memory, American Psychologist, 36, 129, 10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129 · DOI · Paper page
- Bulman, 1977, Attributions of blame and coping in the “real world”: Severe accident victims react to their lot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 351, 10.1037/0022-3514.35.5.351 · DOI
- Buglass, 1977, A study of agoraphobic housewives, Psychological Medicine, 7, 73, 10.1017/S0033291700023151 · DOI
- Burgess, 1974, Rape trauma syndrome, American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 981, 10.1176/ajp.131.9.981 · DOI
- Chaplin, 1980, The effects of total exposure duration and interrupted versus continuous exposure of flooding, Behavior Therapy, 12, 360, 10.1016/S0005-7894(81)80124-4 · DOI
- Ehlers, 1986, Lactate infusions and panic attacks: Do patients and controls respond differently?, Psychiatry Research, 17, 295, 10.1016/0165-1781(86)90077-6 · DOI
- Fairbank, J.A., & Brown, T.A. (in press). Current behavioral approaches to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. the Behavior Therapist.
- Fairbank, 1983, Behavioral assessment of intense anxiety during the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, Behavior Modification, 7, 557, 10.1177/01454455830074005 · DOI
- Fairbank, 1982, Flooding for combat-related stress disorders: Assessment of anxiety reduction across traumatic memories, Behavior Therapy, 13, 499, 10.1016/S0005-7894(82)80012-9 · DOI
- Foa, 1978, Habituation of subjective anxiety during flooding in imagery, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 391, 10.1016/0005-7967(78)90010-4 · DOI
- Foa, 1986, Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information, Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20, 10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · DOI · Paper page
- Gatchel, 1977, Learned helplessness, depression, and physiological responding, Psychophysiology, 14, 25, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01149.x · DOI
- Gatchel, 1976, Physiological correlates of learned helplessness in man, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 27, 10.1037/0021-843X.85.1.27 · DOI
- Geer, 1972, Evaluating the effects of the prediction-control confound, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 314, 10.1037/h0033122 · DOI
- Glass, 1973, Perceived control of aversive stimulation and the reduction of stress responses, Journal of Personality, 41, 577, 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1973.tb00112.x · DOI
- Grayson, 1982, Habituation during exposure treatment: Distraction versus attention-focusing, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 20, 323, 10.1016/0005-7967(82)90091-2 · DOI · Paper page
- Haynes, 1975, Nightmares: Etiological, theoretical and behavioral treatment consideration, The Psychological Record, 25, 225, 10.1007/BF03394308 · DOI
- Hersen, 1972, Nightmare behavior: A review, Psychological Bulletin, 78, 37, 10.1037/h0032960 · DOI
- Horowitz, 1975, A prediction of delayed stress response syndromes in Vietnam veterans, Journal of Social Issues, 31, 67, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb01012.x · DOI
- Janoff-Bulman, 1979, Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1789, 10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1798 · DOI
- Keane, 1982, Imaginal flooding in the treatment of a posttraumatic stress disorder, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 138, 10.1037/0022-006X.50.1.138 · DOI
- Keane, 1985, A behavioral formulation of post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans, the Behavior Therapist, 8, 9
- Kijak, 1982, The syndrome of the survivor of extreme situations, International Review of Psychoanalysis, 9, 25
- Lang, 1977, Imagery in therapy: An information processing analysis of fear, Behavior Therapy, 8, 862, 10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80157-3 · DOI
- Marhoefer-Dvorak, S., Resick, P.A., Hutter, C.K., & Girelli, S.A. (in press) Single vs. multiple incident rape victims: A comparison of psychological reactions to rape. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
- McCaffrey, 1985, Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with transportation accidents: Two case studies, Behavior Therapy, 16, 406, 10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80007-1 · DOI
- McNally, 1985, The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 431, 10.1016/0005-7967(85)90171-8 · DOI
- Ost, 1981, Acquisition of phobias and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 439, 10.1016/0005-7967(81)90134-0 · DOI
- Overmeier, 1966, Differential transfer of control of avoidance responses as a function of USC duration, Psychonomic Science, 5, 25, 10.3758/BF03328261 · DOI
- Pervin, 1963, The need to predict and control under conditions of threat, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 570
- Peterson, 1983, Learned helplessness and victimization, Journal of Social Issues, 2, 103, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00143.x · DOI
- Putnam, 1881, Recent investigations into patients of so-called concussion of the spine, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 109, 217, 10.1056/NEJM188309061091001 · DOI
- Rabavilas, 1976, Duration of flooding sessions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive patients, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 349, 10.1016/0005-7967(76)90022-X · DOI
- Rado, 1942, Pathodynamics and treatment of traumatic war neurosis (traumatophobia), Psychosomatic Medicine, 42, 363
- Rescorla, 1974, Effect of inflation of the unconditioned stimulus value following conditioning, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 101, 10.1037/h0035964 · DOI
- Rigler, 1879, Veber die Folgen der Verletzungen auf Eisenbahnen, insbesondere der Verletzungen des Ruckenmarks, Mit Hinblick auf das Haftpflichtgesetz dargestellt, viii
- Roth, 1975, The effects of noncontingent reinforcement on tasks of differing importance: Facilitation and learned helplessness, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 680, 10.1037/0022-3514.32.4.680 · DOI
- Ruch, 1983, Sexual assault trauma and trauma change, Women and Health, 8, 5, 10.1300/J013v08n04_02 · DOI
- Rychtarik, 1984, Treatment of an incest victim with implosive therapy: A case study, Behavior Therapy, 15, 410, 10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80010-6 · DOI
- Sales, 1984, Victim readjustment following assault, Journal of Social Issues, 40, 117, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01085.x · DOI
- Scheppele, 1983, Through women's eyes: Defining danger in the wake of sexual assault, Journal of Social Issues, 39, 63, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00141.x · DOI
- Seligman, 1965, Effect of intensity and duration of punishment on extinction of an avoidance response, Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 59, 295, 10.1037/h0021845 · DOI
- Shahar, 1980, Habituation during exposure treatment of compulsive rituals, Behavior Therapy, 11, 397, 10.1016/S0005-7894(80)80055-4 · DOI
- Snaith, 1968, Clinical investigations of phobias, British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 673, 10.1192/bjp.114.511.673 · DOI
- Stern, 1973, Brief and prolonged flooding: A comparison in agoraphobic patients, Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 270, 10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320098015 · DOI
- Watson, 1972, Physiological habituation to continuous phobic stimulation, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 10, 269, 10.1016/0005-7967(72)90043-5 · DOI
- Wolfe, 1977, Systematic desensitization and negative practice to alter the aftereffects of a rape attempt, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 8, 423, 10.1016/0005-7916(77)90014-3 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 · Cited by 6,147
Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 · Cited by 3,721
Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance.
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999) · doi:10.1037/10312-000 · Cited by 3,100
Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy
Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003 · Cited by 2,738
Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.3.238 · Cited by 2,387
The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): development and validation
Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303 · Cited by 1,727
A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T., & Joseph, S. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.670 · Cited by 1,696
Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder
Brewin, C. R., & Holmes, E. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(03)00033-3 · Cited by 1,132
Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims.
Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.748 · Cited by 1,490
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Yehuda, R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra012941 · Cited by 1,134
Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Olff, M., Langeland, W., Draijer, N., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.183 · Cited by 1,058
Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer
Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Cameron, C. L., Bishop, M., Collins, C. A., Kirk, S. B., Sworowski, L. A., & Twillman, R. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.875 · Cited by 800
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: Mutual maintenance?
Sharp, T. J., & Harvey, A. G. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00071-4 · Cited by 779
Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: development and evaluation
Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Fennell, M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.006 · Cited by 703
Nonresponse and Dropout Rates in Outcome Studies on PTSD: Review and Methodological Considerations
Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134 · Cited by 634
Dunmore, E., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00088-7 · Cited by 640
Levin, R., & Nielsen, T. A. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.482 · Cited by 554
Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges
Bryant, R. A. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20656 · Cited by 528
Dalgleish, T. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.228 · Cited by 498
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Massie, E. D., & Yarczower, M. (1995) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80096-6 · Cited by 496
Self-citationMaintenance of intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: A cognitive approach
Ehlers, A., & Steil, R. (1995) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246580001585x · Cited by 478
“Brett and Ostroff (1985) remarked that the role of imagery is under investigated in PTSD.”
BackgroundInfluentialElzinga, B. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00351-2 · Cited by 473
A critical review of psychological treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees
Nickerson, A., Bryant, R. A., Silove, D., & Steel, Z. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.10.004 · Cited by 457
Andrykowski, M. A., Cordova, M. J., Studts, J. L., & Miller, T. W. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.3.586 · Cited by 454
Impaired fear inhibition is a biomarker of PTSD but not depression
Jovanovic, T., Norrholm, S. D., Blanding, N. Q., Davis, M., Duncan, E., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20663 · Cited by 444
Foa, E. B., Hearst-Ikeda, D., & Perry, K. J. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.6.948 · Cited by 448
Self-citationThe Psychological Impact of Rape
RESICK, P. A. (1993) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626093008002005 · Cited by 418
Characteristics and content of intrusive memories in PTSD and their changes with treatment
Hackmann, A., Ehlers, A., Speckens, A., & Clark, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/b:jots.0000029266.88369.fd · Cited by 407
Thought suppression and psychopathology
Purdon, C. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00200-9 · Cited by 454
Emotion regulation and posttraumatic stress symptoms: a meta-analysis
Seligowski, A. V., Lee, D. J., Bardeen, J. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.980753 · Cited by 408
Lissek, S., Biggs, A. L., Rabin, S. J., Cornwell, B. R., Alvarez, R. P., Pine, D. S., & Grillon, C. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.005 · Cited by 401
Cognitive and behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders: A review of meta‐analytic findings
Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10255 · Cited by 400
Prolonged exposure in patients with chronic PTSD: predictors of treatment outcome and dropout
van Minnen, A., Arntz, A., & Keijsers, G. P. J. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00024-9 · Cited by 393
A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying.
Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Smith, S., Lee, J. H., & Price, L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1020 · Cited by 501
Self-citationDefining and assessing moral injury: A syndrome perspective
Jinkerson, J. D. (2016) · Traumatology · doi:10.1037/trm0000069 · Cited by 381
Stress, appraisal, and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review.
Spaccarelli, S. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.340 · Cited by 380
Bruce, M. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.10.002 · Cited by 348
Wessa, M., & Flor, H. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030525 · Cited by 323
Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study
Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Alarcon, R., Ready, D., Shahar, F., Graap, K., Pair, J., Hebert, P., Gotz, D., Wills, B., et al. (1999) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024772308758 · Cited by 328
Self-citationExposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Rothbaum, B. O., & Schwartz, A. C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2002.56.1.59 · Cited by 313
Self-citationJames, E. L., Lau-Zhu, A., Clark, I. A., Visser, R. M., Hagenaars, M. A., & Holmes, E. A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.010 · Cited by 300
Leahy, R. L. (2002) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(02)80048-7 · Cited by 306
Gratitude and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in Vietnam war veterans
Kashdan, T. B., Uswatte, G., & Julian, T. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.005 · Cited by 289
Elwood, L. S., Hahn, K. S., Olatunji, B. O., & Williams, N. L. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002 · Cited by 284
Attention, researchers! It Is time to take a look at the real world
Kingstone, A., Smilek, D., Ristic, J., Kelland Friesen, C., & Eastwood, J. D. (2003) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01255 · Cited by 236
Rothbaum, B. O., Anderson, P., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., Lang, D., & Wilson, J. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2005.04.004 · Cited by 240
Self-citationEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the Anxiety Disorders
Shapiro, F. (1999) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00038-3 · Cited by 223
Emotional Reactions During and After Trauma: A Comparison of Trauma Types
Amstadter, A. B., & Vernon, L. L. (2008) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926770801926492 · Cited by 215
Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological therapies for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Hetrick, S. E., Purcell, R., Garner, B., & Parslow, R. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007316.pub2 · Cited by 212
Emotional Dissociation in Response to Trauma: An Information-Processing Approach
Foa, E. B., & Hearst-Ikeda, D. (1996) · Handbook of Dissociation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0310-5_10 · Cited by 210
Self-citationThe role of avoidance of emotional material in the anxiety disorders
Salters-Pedneault, K., Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2004.09.001 · Cited by 205
The psychobiology of PTSD: Coping with trauma
Olff, M., Langeland, W., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.009 · Cited by 207
Michopoulos, V., Norrholm, S. D., & Jovanovic, T. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.005 · Cited by 206
Maercker, A., Einsle, F., & Köllner, V. (2007) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000099290 · Cited by 202
Acute stress disorder: A synthesis and critique.
Harvey, A. G., & Bryant, R. A. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.886 · Cited by 210
Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: Advances in evaluation and treatment.
Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005) · doi:10.1037/10858-000 · Cited by 199
Litz, B. T., Salters-Pedneault, K., Steenkamp, M. M., Hermos, J. A., Bryant, R. A., Otto, M. W., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.05.006 · Cited by 196
Forbes, D., Lloyd, D., Nixon, R. D. V., Elliott, P., Varker, T., Perry, D., Bryant, R. A., & Creamer, M. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.006 · Cited by 193
Emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder: current and future research directions
Litz, B. T., Litz, B. T., & Gray, M. J. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01002.x · Cited by 190
Bichescu, D., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.12.006 · Cited by 183
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION
Brewin, C. R. (1996) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.33 · Cited by 184
Dunsmoor, J. E., Campese, V. D., Ceceli, A. O., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.008 · Cited by 165
Animal defensive reactions as a model for trauma-induced dissociative reactions
Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Vanderlinden, J., & Spinhoven, P. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024447003022 · Cited by 182
After the crash: Assessment and treatment of motor vehicle accident survivors.
Blanchard, E. B., & Hickling, E. J. (1997) · doi:10.1037/10237-000 · Cited by 167
Self-compassion, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
Winders, S., Murphy, O., Looney, K., & O'Reilly, G. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2429 · Cited by 168
Orcutt, H. K., Pickett, S. M., & Pope, E. B. (2005) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.1003 · Cited by 161
Dancu, C. V., Riggs, D. S., Hearst‐Ikeda, D., Shoyer, B. G., & Foa, E. B. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490090208 · Cited by 160
Self-citationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in DSM-5: New Criteria, New Measures, and Implications for Assessment
Weathers, F. W., Marx, B. P., Friedman, M. J., & Schnurr, P. P. (2014) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9191-1 · Cited by 156
Baños, R. M., Guillen, V., Quero, S., García-Palacios, A., Alcaniz, M., & Botella, C. (2011) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.06.002 · Cited by 137
Stotz, S. J., Elbert, T., Müller, V., & Schauer, M. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.25863 · Cited by 133
Modeling Stress with Social Media Around Incidents of Gun Violence on College Campuses
Saha, K., & De Choudhury, M. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3134727 · Cited by 124
Otte, C., Neylan, T. C., Pole, N., Metzler, T., Best, S., Henn-Haase, C., Yehuda, R., & Marmar, C. R. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.009 · Cited by 127
Hussain, D., & Bhushan, B. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20801 · Cited by 128
Reduced intrusion development after post-trauma imagery rescripting; an experimental study
Hagenaars, M. A., & Arntz, A. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.005 · Cited by 124
Memory for traumatic experiences in early childhood
Cordón, I. M., Pipe, M.-E., Sayfan, L., Melinder, A., & Goodman, G. S. (2004) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2003.09.003 · Cited by 124
A different kind of comorbidity: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain.
Beck, J. G., & Clapp, J. D. (2011) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021263 · Cited by 119
Complexity of trauma narratives as an index of fragmented memory in PTSD: a critical analysis
Gray, M. J., & Lombardo, T. W. (2001) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.840 · Cited by 118
Conceptualizing and Treating Comorbid Chronic Pain and PTSD
Bosco, M. A., Gallinati, J. L., & Clark, M. E. (2013) · Pain Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2013/174728 · Cited by 116
Enhanced Priming for Trauma-Related Material in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S. L. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.103 · Cited by 113
Teodorescu, D.-S., Heir, T., Siqveland, J., Hauff, E., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Lien, L. (2015) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-015-0064-5 · Cited by 105
Stallard, P. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.005 · Cited by 104
Falconer, E., Allen, A., Felmingham, K. L., Williams, L. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m08020 · Cited by 100
Michelson, L., June, K., Vives, A., Testa, S., & Marchione, N. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00073-4 · Cited by 98
Posttraumatic stress disorder and eating disorders: maintaining mechanisms and treatment targets
Mitchell, K. S., Scioli, E. R., Galovski, T., Belfer, P. L., & Cooper, Z. (2021) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1869369 · Cited by 94
The Use of Image Habituation Training with Post-traumatic Stress Disorders
Vaughan, K., & Tarrier, N. (1992) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.161.5.658 · Cited by 94
The effect of trauma on the severity of obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms: a meta-analysis
Miller, M. L., & Brock, R. L. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.02.005 · Cited by 93
Parcesepe, A. M., Martin, S. L., Pollock, M. D., & García-Moreno, C. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.06.004 · Cited by 92
Fragile self-esteem and affective instability in posttraumatic stress disorder
Kashdan, T. B., Uswatte, G., Steger, M. F., & Julian, T. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.003 · Cited by 88
Dreams and exposure therapy in PTSD
Rothbaum, B. O., & Mellman, T. A. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1011104521887 · Cited by 86
Self-citationPosttraumatic intrusive symptoms across psychiatric disorders
Bryant, R. A., O’Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., & Silove, D. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.012 · Cited by 85
Kindt, M., & van den Hout, M. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00135-8 · Cited by 77
Morgan, I. A., Matthews, G., & Winton, M. (1995) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465800015861 · Cited by 73
Ehlers, A., Michael, T., Chen, Y. P., Payne, E., & Shan, S. (2006) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210500305876 · Cited by 69
Abdollahi, A., Pyszczynski, T., Maxfield, M., & Luszczynska, A. (2011) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021084 · Cited by 64
Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Wilhelm, F. H., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20167 · Cited by 63
Tailoring therapeutic strategies for treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters
Norrholm, S., & Jovanovic, T. (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s10951 · Cited by 56
Coping with the stress of a painful medical procedure
Fauerbach, J. A., Lawrence, J. W., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Richter, L. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00079-1 · Cited by 55
Hagenaars, M. A., Holmes, E. A., Klaassen, F., & Elzinga, B. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1386959 · Cited by 52
Nonpathological response to ongoing traumatic stress.
Diamond, G. M., Lipsitz, J. D., & Hoffman, Y. (2013) · Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032486 · Cited by 54
Vaiva, G., Brunet, A., Lebigot, F., Boss, V., Ducrocq, F., Devos, P., Laffargue, P., & Goudemand, M. (2003) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370304800606 · Cited by 54
Metadata
- Authors
- Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Foa, Edna B.
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-176
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022148856
- Cited by
- 1,518
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 18.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, stimulus-response learning, fear conditioning, avoidance, rape victims, Vietnam War veterans, experimental neurosis, unpredictability, threat perception, fear reduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review