Design, Synthesis, and Application of a Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophore with Maximal Emission beyond 1200 nm
Abstract
Small molecular fluorophores in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) have aroused much interest because of their excellent performance. Herein, a new small molecular NIR-II fluorophore, FM1210, with maximal emission beyond 1200 nm is reported. Compared to the corresponding control fluorophore CF1065, FM1210 exhibits an increase of 145 nm in the emission maximum, which is ascribed to the simultaneous introduction of both a Se atom and amino groups into the benzo[1,2- c:4,5- c ′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) skeleton. This large increase in the maximal emission enables FM1210 to be capable of in vivo imaging with lower autofluorescence, higher signal-to-background ratio, and better resolution. Moreover, nanosized FM1210 encapsulated in liposomes possesses passive targeting ability and good water solubility, and is suitable for imaging a tumor and even its vasculature with high signal-to-background ratio.
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Each methylene unit inserted between donor and acceptor typically induces a red-shift of ~100 nm.
“A general rule, as exemplified in cyanine dyes, is that each methylene unit inserted between donor and acceptor typically induces a red-shift of ~100 nm111–123.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
Replacing the S atom with Se in the BBT skeleton shifts fluorescence emission far beyond 1200 nm (e.g., FM1210).
“By replacing the S atom with Se in the BBT skeleton, fluorescence emission can be shifted far beyond 1200 nm (e.g., FM1210).48”
The BBTD core and its derivatives are potent electron-accepting units with excellent quantum efficiency, making them ideal for low-bandgap polymers and long-wavelength NIR-II fluorophores.
“The benzobisthiadiazole (BBTD) core and its derivatives are potent electron-accepting units with excellent quantum efficiency, making them ideal for the design of low-bandgap polymers and long-wavelength NIR-II fluorophores (Fig. 5 and Table 2)114–150.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Fang, Y., Shang, J., Liu, D., Shi, W., Li, X., & Ma, H.
- Affiliations
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shi, Wen
- Ma, Huimin
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-08-21
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 15271-15275
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W3080620088
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 11.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016027)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21535009, 21675159, 21775152, 21820102007, 21922412)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- in vivo imaging, tumor imaging, tumor vasculature imaging, passive targeting, autofluorescence suppression
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