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Cited by 687Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsFetal and Pediatric Neurological DisordersDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Unique Morphological Features of the Proliferative Zones and Postmitotic Compartments of the Neural Epithelium Giving Rise to Striate and Extrastriate Cortex in the Monkey

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Smart, I. H.M.·2002·Cerebral Cortex
DOI 10.1093/cercor/12.1.37PMC PMC1931430
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Abstract

We examined the development of the occipital lobe in fetal monkeys between embryonic day 37 (E37) and E108 in Nissl-stained and acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-reacted sections. We paid particular attention to features that distinguish the development of presumptive area 17. At E46 the neuroepithelium consists of a ventricular zone and a monolayer cortical plate sandwiched between a thin marginal zone and a minimal presubplate. Between E55 and E65 an augmented subplate emerges and continues to expand up to E94 to become a major compartment of the developing cortex. A mitotic subventricular zone is established by E55. Peaking in depth at E72, it constitutes the principal germinal zone. By E78 an invading fibre tract divides it into an outer radially organized zone and a more conventional inner zone. AChE staining reveals the future area 17/18 border from E86 onwards. Proceeding from presumptive area 17 to area 18 there is a progressive thinning of the radially structured subventricular zone. Comparison of these results with corticogenesis in rodents suggests a number of potentially unique primate features: (i) a minimal preplate stage; (ii) a radially augmented germinal zone not previously described in non-primates; (iii) a fibre tract dividing the subventricular zone into two laminae; (iv) late generation and expansion of the subplate.

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  • oRGs are present in large numbers in gyrencephalic primates and are considered pivotal to the evolutionary increase in human cortex size and complexity.

    “oRGs are present in large numbers in gyrencephalic primates22,23,40–44 and are considered pivotal to the evolutionary increase in human cortex size and complexity45,46.”

    From The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease (2017) · cites this paper as [40]

  • SP generation is protracted in primates, and its thickness is particularly expanded in human.

    “SP generation is protracted in primates8, and its thickness particularly expanded in human8.”

    From Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

  • The transient subplate zone is greatly expanded in human.

    “The transient subplate zone (SP) is greatly expanded in human8, as is the subpial granular zone (SG), a transient compartment at the pial surface composed primarily of tangentially migrating neurons9.”

    From Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

  • This human frontal asymmetry is most apparent in outer postmitotic layers MZ and CPo, and in SZo, suggesting these genes may play a part in expansion and reorganization of human PFC.

    “This human frontal asymmetry is most apparent in the outer postmitotic layers MZ and CPo (Fig. 5i), and in SZo, which generates most superficial CP neurons in primate7,8, suggesting that these genes may play a part in the expansion and reorganization of human PFC8.”

    From Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [7]7. Bayer SA, Altman J. Neocortical development. New York: Raven Press; 1991. [[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Neocortical%20development&author=SA%20Bayer&author=J%20Altman&publication_year=1991&)]
  2. [76]76. Sauer F. The interkinetic migration of embryonic nuclei. J Morphol. 1936;60:1–11. [[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Morphol&title=The%20interkinetic%20migration%20of%20embryonic%20nuclei&author=F%20Sauer&volume=60&publication_year=1936&pages=1-11&)]
  3. [92]92. Wolff JR. Ontogenetic aspects of cortical architecture: lamination. In: Bravier HP, editor. Architectonics of the cerebral cortex. New York: Raven Press; 1978. pp. 159–173. [[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Architectonics%20of%20the%20cerebral%20cortex&author=JR%20Wolff&publication_year=1978&)]

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Authors
Smart, I. H. M.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Smart, I. H.M.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2002-01-01
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
37-53
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
DOI
10.1093/cercor/12.1.37
PMC
PMC1931430
OpenAlex
W2158154597
Cited by
687
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
FWCI
1.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
area 17, area 18, subplate, subventricular zone, cortical plate, marginal zone, acetylcholinesterase, cortical development, primate brain development, primary visual cortex, extrastriate cortex, ventricular zone
MeSH terms
Acetylcholinesterase, Animals, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca fascicularis, Mitosis, Neurons, Neuropeptide Y, Occipital Lobe, Pregnancy, Telencephalon, Visual Cortex, Mice

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