Exercise, brain, and cognition across the life span.
Open accessAbstract
This is a brief review of current evidence for the relationships between physical activity and exercise and the brain and cognition throughout the life span in non-pathological populations. We focus on the effects of both aerobic and resistance training and provide a brief overview of potential neurobiological mechanisms derived from non-human animal models. Whereas research has focused primarily on the benefits of aerobic exercise in youth and young adult populations, there is growing evidence that both aerobic and resistance training are important for maintaining cognitive and brain health in old age. Finally, in these contexts, we point out gaps in the literature and future directions that will help advance the field of exercise neuroscience, including more studies that explicitly examine the effect of exercise type and intensity on cognition, the brain, and clinically significant outcomes. There is also a need for human neuroimaging studies to adopt a more unified multi-modal framework and for greater interaction between human and animal models of exercise effects on brain and cognition across the life span.
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Physical activity decreases the rate of cognitive decline in healthy people and in people with neurodegenerative disorders across the life span.
“In general, it is found that physical activity decreases the rate of cognitive decline in healthy people and in people with neurodegenerative disorders across the life span (73).”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
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Angiogenesis but not neurogenesis is critical for normal learning and memory acquisition.
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The Effects of Strength Training on Memory in Older Adults
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EXERCISE AND REGIONAL BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“com/edrv people and in people with neurodegenerative disorders across the life span (73).”
BackgroundPhysical activity and muscle-brain crosstalk
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Physical activity, fitness, and gray matter volume
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Accelerated Cognitive Decline With Aging
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Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with white matter integrity in aging
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“CRF likely impacts neural integrity via multiple mechanisms.(11,36) Animal studies have linked wheel-running to enhanced neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis (formation of new neurons, synapses, and blood vessels, respectively), as well as growth factors that support these processes (e.”
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Sáez de Asteasu, M. L., Cuevas-Lara, C., García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Martínez-Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Cadore, E. L., & Izquierdo, M. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220103 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Voss, M. W., Nagamatsu, L. S., Liu-Ambrose, T., & Kramer, A. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kramer, Arthur F.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1505-1513
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- PMC
- PMC3220305
- OpenAlex
- W2158250395
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (99130)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG025032, 05-R370-AG025667)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- physical activity, brain health, cognitive function, aerobic exercise, resistance training, aging, neurobiological mechanisms, exercise intensity, multimodal neuroimaging, lifespan
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Motor Activity, Exercise
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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