Cited by 4,241Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsObesity, Physical Activity, DietCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.

Open access

Hubert, H B, Feinleib, M, McNamara, P M, Castelli, W P·1983·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The relationship between the degree of obesity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reexamined in the 5209 men and women of the original Framingham cohort. Recent observations of disease occurrence over 26 years indicate that obesity, measured by Metropolitan Relative Weight, was a significant independent predictor of CVD, particularly among women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that Metropolitan Relative Weight, or percentage of desirable weight, on initial examination predicted 26-year incidence of coronary disease (both angina and coronary disease other than angina), coronary death and congestive heart failure in men independent of age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarettes, left ventricular hypertrophy and glucose intolerance. Relative weight in women was also positively and independently associated with coronary disease, stroke, congestive failure, and coronary and CVD death. These data further show that weight gain after the young adult years conveyed an increased risk of CVD in both sexes that could not be attributed either to the initial weight or the levels of the risk factors that may have resulted from weight gain. Intervention in obesity, in addition to the well established risk factors, appears to be an advisable goal in the primary prevention of CVD.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Obesity and lipoprotein cholesterol in the Framingham offspring study
Garrison, R. J., Wilson, P. W. F., Castelli, W. P., Feinleib, M., Kannel, W. B., & Pm, M. (1980) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90216-4 · Cited by 150
Self-citation
Weight Changes in Adult Twins
Fabsitz, R. R., Feinleib, M., & Hrubec, Z. (1980) · Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae · doi:10.1017/s0001566000007789 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE AND OBESITY
Sanders, K. (1959) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(59)90419-2 · Cited by 20

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

[7]7. Chiang BN, Perlman LV, Epstein FH: Overweight and hyperten- sion. A review. Circulation 39: 403, 1969
[15]15. Kannel WB, Gordon T: Obesity and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. In Obesity Symposium. Proceedings of a Ser- vier Research Institute Symposium, edited by Burland WL, Sam- uel PD, Yudkin J. Edinburgh, Churchill-Livingstone, 1974, p 24
[18]18. Garrison RJ, Feinleib M, Castelli WP, McNamara PM: Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality in the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. In press
[26]26. Waldron I: Sex differences in longevity. In Second Conference on

Sorted by citations

Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 7,391
Obesity as a medical problem
Kopelman, P. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007508 · Cited by 4,795
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Mortality in Swedish Obese Subjects
Sjöström, L., Narbro, K., Sjöström, C. D., Karason, K., Larsson, B., Wedel, H., Lystig, T., Sullivan, M., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066254 · Cited by 4,668
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
Powell-Wiley, T. M., Poirier, P., Burke, L. E., Després, J.-P., Gordon-Larsen, P., Lavie, C. J., Lear, S. A., Ndumele, C. E., Neeland, I. J., Sanders, P., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000973 · Cited by 3,691
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes
Lincoff, A. M., Brown-Frandsen, K., Colhoun, H. M., Deanfield, J., Emerson, S. S., Esbjerg, S., Hardt-Lindberg, S., Hovingh, G. K., Kahn, S. E., Kushner, R. F., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2307563 · Cited by 3,236
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Poirier, P., Giles, T. D., Bray, G. A., Hong, Y., Stern, J. S., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Eckel, R. H. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016 · Cited by 3,165
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017
Einarson, T. R., Acs, A., Ludwig, C., & Panton, U. H. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0728-6 · Cited by 2,312
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.068 · Cited by 2,326
Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects ( SOS ) trial – a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery
Sjöström, L. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12012 · Cited by 1,835
Epidemiology of Heart Failure
Roger, V. L. (2013) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.300268 · Cited by 1,728
New Criteria for `Obesity Disease' in Japan
The Examination Committee of Criter (2002) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.66.987 · Cited by 1,650
The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61752-3 · Cited by 1,622
Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation
Bray, G. A., Kim, K. K., Wilding, J. P. H., & on behalf of the World Obesity Federation (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12551 · Cited by 1,612
Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Ross, R., Dagnone, D., Jones, P. J. H., Smith, H., Paddags, A., Hudson, R., & Janssen, I. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008 · Cited by 1,435
2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000596 · Cited by 1,127
Effect of Partial Ileal Bypass Surgery on Mortality and Morbidity from Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: Report of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)
Buchwald, H., Varco, R. L., Matts, J. P., Long, J. M., Fitch, L. L., Campbell, G. S., Pearce, M. B., Yellin, A. E., Edmiston, W. A., Smink, R. D., et al. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199010043231404 · Cited by 1,001
Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: Results from a population-based study
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H.-J., Barkan, S. E., Muraco, A., & Hoy-Ellis, C. P. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301110 · Cited by 965
Weight, Weight Change, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Risk Within the 'Normal' Weight Range
Willett, W. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300035033 · Cited by 924
The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure
Horwich, T. B., Fonarow, G. C., Hamilton, M. A., MacLellan, W. R., Woo, M. A., & Tillisch, J. H. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01448-6 · Cited by 867
Relationships of generalized and regional adiposity to insulin sensitivity in men.
Abate, N., Garg, A., Peshock, R. M., Stray-Gundersen, J., & Grundy, S. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118083 · Cited by 759
The possible roles of food-derived bioactive peptides in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease
Erdmann, K., Cheung, B. W. Y., & Schröder, H. (2008) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.010 · Cited by 717
Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue
van Kruijsdijk, R. C. M., van der Wall, E., & Visseren, F. L. J. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0372 · Cited by 715
Alterations of Left Ventricular Myocardial Characteristics Associated With Obesity
Wong, C. Y., O’Moore-Sullivan, T., Leano, R., Byrne, N., Beller, E., & Marwick, T. H. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000147184.13872.0f · Cited by 713
Changes in Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight Men during Weight Loss through Dieting as Compared with Exercise
Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Dreon, D. M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Garay, S. C., Williams, P. T., Superko, H. R., Fortmann, S. P., Albers, J. J., Vranizan, K. M., et al. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811033191801 · Cited by 675
Population-Based Prevention of Obesity: The Need for Comprehensive Promotion of Healthful Eating, Physical Activity, and Energy Balance: A Scientific Statement From American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (Formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science)
Kumanyika, S. K., Obarzanek, E., Stettler, N., Bell, R., Field, A. E., Fortmann, S. P., Franklin, B. A., Gillman, M. W., Lewis, C. E., Poston, W. C., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.189702 · Cited by 636
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance From Framingham: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction
Grundy, S. M., Balady, G. J., Criqui, M. H., Fletcher, G., Greenland, P., Hiratzka, L. F., Houston-Miller, N., Kris-Etherton, P., Krumholz, H. M., LaRosa, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1876 · Cited by 609
A Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Stroke in Women
Rexrode, K. M. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540430051032 · Cited by 617
Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity and body fat distribution to cardiovascular disease: an update
Piché, M.-E., Poirier, P., Lemieux, I., & Després, J.-P. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.06.004 · Cited by 558
Obesity paradox in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease
Uretsky, S., Messerli, F. H., Bangalore, S., Champion, A., Cooper-DeHoff, R. M., Zhou, Q., & Pepine, C. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.05.011 · Cited by 550
Modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction: can lifestyle changes modify risk?
Derby, C. A., Mohr, B. A., Goldstein, I., Feldman, H. A., Johannes, C. B., & McKinlay, J. B. (2000) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00614-2 · Cited by 552
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association
Eyre, H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee, ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee Members, Clark, N. G., Doyle, C., Hong, Y., Gansler, T., Glynn, T., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133321.00456.00 · Cited by 542
Obesity, adiposity, and dyslipidemia: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association
Bays, H. E., Toth, P. P., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Abate, N., Aronne, L. J., Brown, W. V., Gonzalez-Campoy, J. M., Jones, S. R., Kumar, R., La Forge, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2013.04.001 · Cited by 521
Obesity and suppressed B-type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure
Mehra, M. R., Uber, P. A., Park, M. H., Scott, R. L., Ventura, H. O., Harris, B. C., & Frohlich, E. D. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.066 · Cited by 534
Body mass index and the risk of stroke in men
Kurth, T., Gaziano, J. M., Berger, K., Kase, C. S., Rexrode, K. M., Cook, N. R., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.22.2557 · Cited by 524
Obesity: Overview of an Epidemic
Mitchell, N. S., Catenacci, V. A., Wyatt, H. R., & Hill, J. O. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.005 · Cited by 526
Association Between Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women
Vetter, C., Devore, E. E., Wegrzyn, L. R., Massa, J., Speizer, F. E., Kawachi, I., Rosner, B., Stampfer, M. J., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4454 · Cited by 517
The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women
Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Williams, P. T., & Haskell, W. L. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108153250703 · Cited by 520
Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox
Lavie, C. J., Osman, A. F., Milani, R. V., & Mehra, M. R. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00031-6 · Cited by 486
A Path Model of Chronic Stress, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Coronary Heart Disease
Vitaliano, P. P., Scanlan, J. M., Zhang, J., Savage, M. V., Hirsch, I. B., & Siegler, I. C. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00006 · Cited by 481
Atrial fibrillation and obesity—results of a meta-analysis
Wanahita, N., Messerli, F. H., Bangalore, S., Gami, A. S., Somers, V. K., & Steinberg, J. S. (2008) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.10.004 · Cited by 474
Weight Gain Continues in the 1990s: 10-year Trends in Weight and Overweight from the CARDIA Study
Lewis, C. E., Jacobs, D. R., McCreath, H., Kiefe, C. I., Schreiner, P. J., Smith, D. E., & Williams, O. D. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010167 · Cited by 468
Cohort Profile: The Framingham Heart Study (FHS): overview of milestones in cardiovascular epidemiology
Tsao, C. W., & Vasan, R. S. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv337 · Cited by 457
What Are the Physical Characteristics Associated with a Normal Metabolic Profile Despite a High Level of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women?1
Brochu, M., Tchernof, A., Dionne, I. J., Sites, C. K., Eltabbakh, G. H., Sims, E. A. H., & Poehlman, E. T. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7365 · Cited by 443
Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity
Shaw, K. A., O'Rourke, P., Del Mar, C., & Kenardy, J. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003818.pub2 · Cited by 442
Retracted
Adiposity, Fat Distribution, and Cardiovascular Risk
Peiris, A. N., Sothmann, M. S., Hoffmann, R. G., Hennes, M. I., Wilson, C. R., Gustafson, A. B., & Kissebah, A. H. (1989) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-867 · Cited by 423
Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
Suk, S.-H., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B., Cheun, J. F., Pittman, J. G., Elkind, M. S., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f · Cited by 420
Impaired Microvascular Function in Obesity: Implications for Obesity-Associated Microangiopathy, Hypertension, and Insulin Resistance
de Jongh, R. T., Serné, E. H., IJzerman, R. G., de Vries, G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000129772.26647.6f · Cited by 407
Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The Framingham Heart Study
Elias, M. F., Elias, P. K., Sullivan, L. M., Wolf, P. A., & D’Agostino, R. B. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.019 · Cited by 395
Relation of obesity and gender to left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive and hypertensive adults.
de Simone, G., Devereux, R. B., Roman, M. J., Alderman, M. H., & Laragh, J. H. (1994) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.23.5.600 · Cited by 391
Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of BMI, BMI change and waist circumference in African American adults identifies multiple replicated loci
Demerath, E. W., Guan, W., Grove, M. L., Aslibekyan, S., Mendelson, M., Zhou, Y.-H., Hedman, Å. K., Sandling, J. K., Li, L.-A., Irvin, M. R., et al. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv161 · Cited by 355
The implication of obesity and central fat on markers of chronic inflammation: The ATTICA study
PANAGIOTAKOS, D., PITSAVOS, C., YANNAKOULIA, M., CHRYSOHOOU, C., & STEFANADIS, C. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.010 · Cited by 340
High protein intake sustains weight maintenance after body weight loss in humans
Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Lejeune, M. P. G. M., Nijs, I., van Ooijen, M., & Kovacs, E. M. R. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802461 · Cited by 326
70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study
Andersson, C., Johnson, A. D., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., & Vasan, R. S. (2019) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0202-5 · Cited by 305
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: An ESC clinical consensus statement
Koskinas, K. C., Van Craenenbroeck, E. M., Antoniades, C., Blüher, M., Gorter, T. M., Hanssen, H., Marx, N., McDonagh, T. A., Mingrone, G., Rosengren, A., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae508 · Cited by 313
Relations of Thyroid Function to Body Weight<subtitle>Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Observations in a Community-Based Sample</subtitle>
Fox, C. S. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.587 · Cited by 303
Long-term cardiovascular consequences of obesity: 20-year follow-up of more than 15 000 middle-aged men and women (the Renfrew-Paisley study)
Murphy, N. F., MacIntyre, K., Stewart, S., Hart, C. L., Hole, D., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi506 · Cited by 298
Plasma Interleukin-8 Concentrations Are Increased in Obese Subjects and Related to Fat Mass and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α System
Straczkowski, M., Dzienis-Straczkowska, S., Stêpieñ, A., Kowalska, I., Szelachowska, M., & Kinalska, I. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020135 · Cited by 280
AGA technical review on obesity
Klein, S., Wadden, T., & Sugerman, H. J. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.35514 · Cited by 274
Obesity and Inflammation: Change in Adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein, Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 After Bariatric Surgery
Illán-Gómez, F., Gonzálvez-Ortega, M., Orea-Soler, I., Alcaraz-Tafalla, M. S., Aragón-Alonso, A., Pascual-Díaz, M., Pérez-Paredes, M., & Lozano-Almela, M. L. (2012) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0643-y · Cited by 265
Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. Analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness, and life-style factors.
Clausen, J. O., Borch-Johnsen, K., Ibsen, H., Bergman, R. N., Hougaard, P., Winther, K., & Pedersen, O. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118903 · Cited by 259
Risk factors for heart failure in the elderly: a prospective community-based study
Chen, Y.-T., Vaccarino, V., Williams, C. S., Butler, J., Berkman, L. F., & Krumholz, H. M. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00126-6 · Cited by 256
Effect of body size, ponderosity, and blood pressure on left ventricular growth in children and young adults in the Bogalusa Heart Study
Urbina, E. M., Gidding, S. S., Bao, W., Pickoff, A. S., Berdusis, K., & Berenson, G. S. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.9.2400 · Cited by 259
Obesity and subtypes of incident cardiovascular disease
Ndumele, C. E., Matsushita, K., Lazo, M., Bello, N., Blumenthal, R. S., Gerstenblith, G., Nambi, V., Ballantyne, C. M., Solomon, S. D., Selvin, E., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003921 · Cited by 259
Absence of CC Chemokine Ligand 2 Does Not Limit Obesity-Associated Infiltration of Macrophages Into Adipose Tissue
Inouye, K. E., Shi, H., Howard, J. K., Daly, C. H., Lord, G. M., Rollins, B. J., & Flier, J. S. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0425 · Cited by 252
Systematic Review of the Mediterranean Diet for Long-Term Weight Loss
Mancini, J. G., Filion, K. B., Atallah, R., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2016) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.028 · Cited by 248
Effects of cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training, and weight reduction on exercise capacity, coronary risk factors, behavioral characteristics, and quality of life in obese coronary patients
Lavie, C. J., & Milani, R. V. (1997) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)89239-9 · Cited by 242
Obesity and the Heart
Alpert, M. A., & Hashimi, M. W. (1993) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-199308000-00011 · Cited by 245
Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long‐term lipid outcomes – a systematic review
Poobalan, A., Aucott, L., Smith, W. C. S., Avenell, A., Jung, R., Broom, J., & Grant, A. M. (2004) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2004.00127.x · Cited by 240
Hypoxia dysregulates the production of adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 independent of reactive oxygen species in adipocytes
Chen, B., Lam, K. S. L., Wang, Y., Wu, D., Lam, M. C., Shen, J., Wong, L., Hoo, R. L. C., Zhang, J., & Xu, A. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.004 · Cited by 238
Obesity paradox in a cohort of 4880 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Hastie, C. E., Padmanabhan, S., Slack, R., Pell, A. C. H., Oldroyd, K. G., Flapan, A. D., Jennings, K. P., Irving, J., Eteiba, H., Dominiczak, A. F., et al. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp317 · Cited by 234
The obesity paradox, weight loss, and coronary disease
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., Artham, S. M., Patel, D. A., & Ventura, H. O. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.06.006 · Cited by 237
Obesity and cardiovascular health
Welsh, A., Hammad, M., Piña, I. L., & Kulinski, J. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae025 · Cited by 239
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Solomon, C. G. (1999) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70069-4 · Cited by 226
Comparative effects of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and sympathetic drive in obese hypertensive individuals: results of the CROSS study
Grassi, G., Seravalle, G., Dell'Oro, R., Trevano, F. Q., Bombelli, M., Scopelliti, F., Facchini, A., & Mancia, G. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200309000-00027 · Cited by 225
Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular co-morbidity: An analysis of the PROactive study population
Doehner, W., Erdmann, E., Cairns, R., Clark, A. L., Dormandy, J. A., Ferrannini, E., & Anker, S. D. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.039 · Cited by 215
Impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease
Zalesin, K. C., Franklin, B. A., Miller, W. M., Peterson, E. D., & McCullough, P. A. (2011) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.005 · Cited by 231
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Is Associated With Obesity-Induced Subclinical Organ Damage in Young Adults
Lambert, E., Sari, C. I., Dawood, T., Nguyen, J., McGrane, M., Eikelis, N., Chopra, R., Wong, C., Chatzivlastou, K., Head, G., et al. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.155663 · Cited by 209
Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists on weight loss, BMI, and waist circumference for patients with obesity or overweight: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 47 randomized controlled trials
Wong, H. J., Sim, B., Teo, Y. H., Teo, Y. N., Chan, M. Y., Yeo, L. L. L., Eng, P. C., Tan, B. Y. Q., Sattar, N., Dalakoti, M., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-1678 · Cited by 208
Entering a New Era of Body Indices: The Feasibility of a Body Shape Index and Body Roundness Index to Identify Cardiovascular Health Status
Maessen, M. F. H., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Hopman, M. T. E., Verbeek, A. L. M., & Vegt, F. D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107212 · Cited by 203
The implication of obesity on total antioxidant capacity in apparently healthy men and women: The ATTICA study
Chrysohoou, C., Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C., Skoumas, I., Papademetriou, L., Economou, M., & Stefanadis, C. (2007) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2006.05.007 · Cited by 199
Obesity and vulnerability of the CNS
Bruce-Keller, A. J., Keller, J. N., & Morrison, C. D. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.004 · Cited by 200
Orally Administered Berberine Modulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Altering Microbial Bile Acid Metabolism and the Intestinal FXR Signaling Pathway
Sun, R., Yang, N., Kong, B., Cao, B., Feng, D., Yu, X., Ge, C., Huang, J., Shen, J., Wang, P., et al. (2017) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.116.106617 · Cited by 199
Weight Reduction With Very-Low-Caloric Diet and Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults: Role of Plasma Glucose
Raitakari, M., Ilvonen, T., Ahotupa, M., Lehtimäki, T., Harmoinen, A., Suominen, P., Elo, J., Hartiala, J., & Raitakari, O. T. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000109749.11042.7c · Cited by 198
Inflammation and insulin/IGF-1 resistance as the possible link between obesity and neurodegeneration
Spielman, L. J., Little, J. P., & Klegeris, A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.004 · Cited by 182
Excess deaths from nine chronic diseases in the United States, 1986
Hahn, R. A. (1990) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450200062032 · Cited by 186
Effects of once-weekly semaglutide vs once-daily canagliflozin on body composition in type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SUSTAIN 8 randomised controlled clinical trial
McCrimmon, R. J., Catarig, A.-M., Frias, J. P., Lausvig, N. L., le Roux, C. W., Thielke, D., & Lingvay, I. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05065-8 · Cited by 184
Cardiomyopathy of obesity: A clinicopathologic evaluation of 43 obese patients with heart failure
Kasper, E. K., Hruban, R. H., & Baughman, K. L. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90739-l · Cited by 175
Obesity Increases Vascular Senescence and Susceptibility to Ischemic Injury Through Chronic Activation of Akt and mTOR
Wang, C.-Y., Kim, H.-H., Hiroi, Y., Sawada, N., Salomone, S., Benjamin, L. E., Walsh, K., Moskowitz, M. A., & Liao, J. K. (2009) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000143 · Cited by 177
Diabetes mellitus and stroke: A clinical update
Tun, N. N., Arunagirinathan, G., Munshi, S. K., & Pappachan, J. M. (2017) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.235 · Cited by 177
Roles for leptin receptor/STAT3-dependent and -independent signals in the regulation of glucose homeostasis
Bates, S. H., Kulkarni, R. N., Seifert, M., & Myers, M. G. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.02.001 · Cited by 173
Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species on Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue
Han, C. Y. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.272 · Cited by 159
Big Data and Clinicians: A Review on the State of the Science
Wang, W., & Krishnan, E. (2014) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/medinform.2913 · Cited by 158
‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk
Aldiss, P., Davies, G., Woods, R., Budge, H., Sacks, H. S., & Symonds, M. E. (2017) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.074 · Cited by 148
Obesity and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Rashid, M. N., Fuentes, F., Touchon, R. C., & Wehner, P. S. (2003) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1520-037x.2003.01358.x · Cited by 146
Is hypertension more benign when associated with obesity?
Barrett-Connor, E., & Khaw, K. T. (1985) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.72.1.53 · Cited by 141
Bariatric Surgery for Obesity
le Roux, C. W., & Heneghan, H. M. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.011 · Cited by 139
LRb-STAT3 Signaling Is Required for the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Expenditure by Leptin
Bates, S. H., Dundon, T. A., Seifert, M., Carlson, M., Maratos-Flier, E., & Myers, M. G. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.12.3067 · Cited by 139
Disparate effects of left ventricular geometry and obesity on mortality in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., Ventura, H. O., Cardenas, G. A., Mehra, M. R., & Messerli, F. H. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.06.040 · Cited by 131
Internet-delivered behavior change program increases physical activity and improves cardiometabolic disease risk factors in sedentary adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Carr, L. J., Bartee, R. T., Dorozynski, C., Broomfield, J. F., Smith, M. L., & Smith, D. T. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.005 · Cited by 118

Authors: Hubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Hubert, H B
Feinleib, M
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1983-05
Volume: 67
Issue: 5
Pages: 968-977
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968
OpenAlex: W2110713453
Cited by: 4,241
References: 3
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 153 · 2016: 183 · 2015: 182 · 2014: 181 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 168
FWCI: 31.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords: obesity, cardiovascular disease, Framingham Heart Study, coronary artery disease, coronary death, congestive heart failure, stroke, sex differences, weight gain, primary prevention, risk factors
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Cardiomegaly, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks