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Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders
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Self-archived author copy of a scholarly work originally published in American Journal of Psychiatry (2010), made available through Wesleyan University's digital collections.
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In the citing paper
“alternative nosological systems that are showing promise, such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; Insel et al., 2010) initiative at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), also do not directly address NSRP phenomena given their focus on more molecular components (e.g., attention, working memory, learning processes), which are likely constituent mechanisms of NSRP but not specific to it”
From What, me worry and ruminate about dsm-5 and rdoc? The importance of targeting negative self-referential processing (2013) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As a result, ED has been included in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework as a core dimension in understanding psychopathology [38].”
From Emotional Dysregulation and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Exploring Their Relationship Through the Lens of Twin Studies (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The assumption that mental problems reflect the expression of a latent disease entity has dominated psychiatric nosology, with the distinction being one of tactics, whether it is using psychoanalytic principles as in the early days of the DSM, or identifying syndromes, or developmental neurobiology as in the case of the Research Domain Criteria 124 .”
From “Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [124]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The DSM-5 is going to place emphasis on psychopathological dimensions, and this may be a useful step forward (72).”
From Pediatric psychopharmacology: Too much or too little? (2013) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH), in its Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework matrix [76 -79], has recently proposed the incorporation of a new Sensorimotor Systems domain, composed of sub constructs such as Motor Actions, Agency and Ownership and Habits [80 -82]”
From Habit as a therapeutic component in psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomised controlled feasibility study. (2026) · cites this paper as [77]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This categorical approach enhanced the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses, but it has not advanced our understanding of underlying mechanisms (Insel et al., 2010; Cuthbert and Insel, 2013).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dysfunctions in these processes underpin the fundamental behavioral components that are coupled to different psychiatric states (Insel et al., 2010; Cuthbert and Insel, 2013).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These categories may be viewed as successive approximations towards a protocol that is more in line with the National Institute of Health Research Domain Criteria [RDoC; [21]]; as we move from the modular/common elements approach to the mechanistically transdiagnostic approach, the methodologies become incrementally more unified and move further away from diagnostic categories.”
From Emergence of Transdiagnostic Treatments for PTSD and Posttraumatic Distress (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A similar approach has already been advocated e.g., by the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria [92], recommending a dimensional rather than categorical approach to understanding mental illness and its early determinants on various levels, from the neural to the behavioral.”
From Mediators of outcome in adolescent psychotherapy and their implications for theories and mechanisms of change: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [92]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is notable that the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has initiated the Research Domain Criteria [67] (with many of the above domains covered) to provide a system independent of DSM and ICD.”
From Subgrouping the Autism Spectrum: Reflections on DSM-5 (2013) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“a developmental perspective on emerging psychopathology is rarely explicitly addressed (but see [71, 72])”
From Towards a youth mental health paradigm: a perspective and roadmap (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“The NIMH RDoC initiative is an attempt to move the field of psychiatry forward by creating a classification system that integrates biological and behavioral data rather than solely relying on the clinical impression and subjective symptom report”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Thus, the RDoC initiative uses different units of levels of analysis (molecular, brain circuit, behavioral and symptom level) in order to define constructs that are assumed to be the core symptoms of mental disorders”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“This “bio-bias” is reflected in the statement by the former director of NIMH that “mental illnesses are brain disorders” (Insel et al., 2010, p. 749).”
From A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment:The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model (2020) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; Insel et al., 2010) initiative emerged as an attempt to move the field of psychiatry forward by turning in a more basic process direction.”
From A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment:The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model (2020) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“RDoC incorporates five domains, organized from cells to systems, for grounding psychiatric disease in neuroscience research.”
From Addiction Biomarkers: Dimensional Approaches to Understanding Addiction (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“most phenotypes are based on clinical and behavioural symptomatology rather than on biological mechanism or aetiology22–24.”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The NIH has proposed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, which instead advocates for revisions to diagnostic systems that define neurobiologically separable categories for mental health disorders (Insel et al., 2010).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“A growing body of research indicates that psychopathology is hierarchically structured with a general psychopathology factor (p factor) contributing to higher-order externalizing and internalizing dimensions that subdivide into more specific dimensions [22,23,83,84].”
From Advancing the study of sluggish cognitive tempo via DSM, RDoC, and hierarchical models of psychopathology (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“This Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, advocated by the National Institutes of Mental Health (Insel et al., 2010), focuses on specific characteristics or phenotypic traits that may be shared across conditions but that may be grounded in a common neurobiological process.”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“recent emphases in psychiatric research have advocated a shift away from a slavish adherence to strict diagnostic criteria and have instead suggested a more nuanced dimensional-based perspective toward elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of psychiatric disease.”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The ultimate aim of RDoC is to find “new ways of classifying psychiatric diseases based on multiple dimensions of biology and behavior” (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml)—reducing heterogeneity in clinical cohorts; improving the neurobiological validity of disease classifications; and enabling more effective, personalized treatments.”
From Understanding heterogeneity in clinical cohorts using normative models: Beyond case-control studies (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“In response to this problem, the National Institute of Mental Health launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative (2), which encourages researchers to link symptom dimensions with biological systems, cutting across diagnostic classifications.”
From Understanding heterogeneity in clinical cohorts using normative models: Beyond case-control studies (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Recent efforts to integrate advances in neuroscience with clinical psychiatry suggest that anxiety and depression can be conceptualized along partially distinct biobehavioral dimensions of positive and negative affect domains7, 8”
From Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: Taylor et al. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“The current findings have clinical implications for emerging dimensional classification systems wherein the positive affect system is hypothesized to play a role across various forms of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression7, 8.”
From Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: Taylor et al. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Two core features of depression are elevations in negative valence system (NVS) functioning and reductions in positive valence system (PVS) functioning.”
From Bringing light into darkness: A multiple baseline mixed methods case series evaluation of Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT) (2019) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The NIMH has recently proposed the Research Domain Criterion initiative (119), which views neurocognitive deficits as being present dimensionally across neuropsychiatric disorders.”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“Sensory processing measures are included within this initiative”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [119]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., Sanislow, C., & Wang, P.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 748-751
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1977465442
- Semantic Scholar
- 1305d0aac3cdba2c695fc4326310966d0c2ad8b2
- Cited by
- 7,067
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 457 · 2025: 438 · 2024: 603 · 2023: 483 · 2022: 510 · 2021: 600 · 2020: 645 · 2019: 597 · 2018: 520 · 2017: 529 · 2016: 452 · 2015: 478 · 2014: 315 · 2013: 228 · 2012: 117
- FWCI
- 1123.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- works.bepress.com
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Wesleyan University Digital Collections (Wesleyan University) (submittedVersion)
- Wesleyan University Digital Collections (Wesleyan University) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- WESLEYAN
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- Research Domain Criteria, mental illness, classification framework, psychiatric classification, dimensional classification, mental health research
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), United States, Biomedical Research
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