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A review and provocation: On polarization and platforms
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Scholars increasingly point to polarization as a central threat to democracy—and identify technology platforms as key contributors to polarization. In contrast, we argue that polarization can only be seen as a central threat to democracy if inequality is ignored. The central theoretical claim of this piece is that political identities map more or less onto social groups, and groups are, in turn, located in social structures. As such, scholars must analyze groups as they are embedded in relations of power to meaningfully evaluate the democratic consequences of polarization. Groups struggling for equality, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, often cause polarization because they threaten the extant power and status of dominant groups. To develop a shared theoretical lens around polarization and its relationship with inequality, we take up the case of research on the role of platforms in polarization, showing how scholarship routinely lacks analysis of inequality.
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“Estos cambios han generado preocupaciones sobre la calidad del discurso público, el incremento en la polarización y la exposición desigual de voces en el entorno digital (Kreiss & McGregor, 2024).”
From Twitter/X en la campaña presidencial de 2021 en Ecuador: interacciones digitales y su proyección en la polarización política de las siguientes campañas (2025) · cites this paper as Kreiss & McGregor, 2024
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kreiss, D., & McGregor, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kreiss, Daniel
- Venue
- New Media & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2023-04-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 556-579
- ISSN
- 1461-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7315
- OpenAlex
- W4365142069
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 16
- FWCI
- 70.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- New Media & Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Keywords
- political polarization, social networking sites, inequality, democracy, political identity, social groups, power relations, Black Lives Matter, dominant groups
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