Dopamine Transmission in the Human Striatum during Monetary Reward Tasks
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of the [11 C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) technique to measure behaviorally induced changes in endogenous dopamine transmission in humans. However, these studies have lacked well matched sensorimotor control conditions, making it difficult to know what sensory, cognitive, or motor features contributed to changes in dopaminergic activity. Here we report on [11 C]raclopride PET studies in which healthy humans performed card selection tasks for monetary rewards. During separate scans, subjects completed a variable ratio (VR) reward schedule with a 25% reward rate in which they did not know the outcome of their responses in advance, a fixed ratio (FR) 25% reward schedule in which outcomes were fully predictable, and a sensorimotor control (SC) condition involving similar sensory and motor demands but no rewards. Relative to the SC condition, the FR schedule produced only modest increases in dopamine transmission and no decreases relative to the SC condition. In contrast, the VR schedule produced significant increases in dopamine transmission in the left medial caudate nucleus while simultaneously producing significant decreases in other areas of the caudate and putamen. These data indicate: (1) the feasibility of measuring alterations in dopamine transmission even after controlling for sensorimotor features and (2) the complex and regionally specific influence of VR schedules on dopamine transmission. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to conflicting models of dopaminergic functioning arising from studies using electrophysiological and microdialysis techniques in animals.
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Nonclinical human neuroimaging studies indicate that the mesolimbic DA response to primary rewards may operate similarly in humans in response to more abstract, or secondary, rewards such as monetary incentives.
“Nonclinical human neuroimaging studies indicate that the mesolimbic DA response to primary rewards may operate similarly in humans in response to more abstract, or secondary, rewards such as monetary incentives [98-100].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [100]
PET studies showed that reward leads to dopamine release in the striatum and more specifically in the NAc, as indicated by reduction of binding potential of dopamine receptor subtype 2 using [11C] raclopride.
“It was shown in positron emission tomography (PET) studies that reward leads to dopamine release in the striatum and more specifically in the NAc as indicated by reduction of the binding potential of the dopamine receptor subtype 2 using the radioligand [11C] raclopride (Koepp et al., 1998; Zald et al., 2004; Jonasson et al., 2014).”
From Circuit Mechanisms of Reward, Anhedonia, and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as Zald et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Zald, D. H., Boileau, I., El-Dearedy, W., Gunn, R., McGlone, F., Dichter, G. S., & Dagher, A.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Unilever (United Kingdom) (GB)
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2004-04-28
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4105-4112
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6729274
- OpenAlex
- W2103073562
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0332219)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dopamine signaling, striatum, monetary rewards, [11C]raclopride PET, variable-ratio schedules, fixed-ratio schedules, sensorimotor control, caudate nucleus, putamen, reward prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Brain, Brain Mapping, Dopamine, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Task Performance and Analysis, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Neostriatum, Raclopride
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