Past, present, and future of CRISPR genome editing technologies

A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity

Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225829 · Cited by 17,116

Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P. D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231143 · Cited by 15,339

RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9

Mali, P., Yang, L., Esvelt, K. M., Aach, J., Guell, M., DiCarlo, J. E., Norville, J. E., & Church, G. M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232033 · Cited by 9,210

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1258096 · Cited by 7,062

CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes

Barrangou, R., Fremaux, C., Deveau, H., Richards, M., Boyaval, P., Moineau, S., Romero, D. A., & Horvath, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138140 · Cited by 5,947

Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage

Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer, M. S., Zuris, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17946 · Cited by 5,437

Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells

Shalem, O., Sanjana, N. E., Hartenian, E., Shi, X., Scott, D. A., Mikkelsen, T. S., Heckl, D., Ebert, B. L., Root, D. E., Doench, J. G., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1247005 · Cited by 5,234

Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-Guided Platform for Sequence-Specific Control of Gene Expression

Qi, L. S., Larson, M. H., Gilbert, L. A., Doudna, J. A., Weissman, J. S., Arkin, A. P., & Lim, W. A. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.022 · Cited by 5,016 · cited 1×

Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA

Anzalone, A. V., Randolph, P. B., Davis, J. R., Sousa, A. A., Koblan, L. W., Levy, J. M., Chen, P. J., Wilson, C., Newby, G. A., Raguram, A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 · Cited by 4,767

Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System

Zetsche, B., Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Slaymaker, I. M., Makarova, K. S., Essletzbichler, P., Volz, S. E., Joung, J., van der Oost, J., Regev, A., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 · Cited by 4,761

Optimized sgRNA design to maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9

Doench, J. G., Fusi, N., Sullender, M., Hegde, M., Vaimberg, E. W., Donovan, K. F., Smith, I., Tothova, Z., Wilen, C., Orchard, R., et al. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3437 · Cited by 4,637

CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity

Chen, J. S., Ma, E., Harrington, L. B., Da Costa, M., Tian, X., Palefsky, J. M., & Doudna, J. A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar6245 · Cited by 4,507

Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage

Gaudelli, N. M., Komor, A. C., Rees, H. A., Packer, M. S., Badran, A. H., Bryson, D. I., & Liu, D. R. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24644 · Cited by 4,184

Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2

Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Lee, J. W., Essletzbichler, P., Dy, A. J., Joung, J., Verdine, V. K., Donghia, N. M., Daringer, N. M., Freije, C. A., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam9321 · Cited by 3,887

CRISPR-Mediated Modular RNA-Guided Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes

Gilbert, L. A., Larson, M. H., Morsut, L., Liu, Z., Brar, G. A., Torres, S. E., Stern-Ginossar, N., Brandman, O., Whitehead, E. H., Doudna, J. A., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.044 · Cited by 3,696 · cited 1×

Car t cell immunotherapy for human cancer

June, C. H., O’Connor, R. S., Kawalekar, O. U., Ghassemi, S., & Milone, M. C. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar6711 · Cited by 3,207

Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system

Hwang, W. Y., Fu, Y., Reyon, D., Maeder, M. L., Tsai, S. Q., Sander, J. D., Peterson, R. T., Yeh, J.-R. J., & Joung, J. K. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2501 · Cited by 2,937

Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex

Konermann, S., Brigham, M. D., Trevino, A. E., Joung, J., Abudayyeh, O. O., Barcena, C., Hsu, P. D., Habib, N., Gootenberg, J. S., Nishimasu, H., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14136 · Cited by 2,825

Cas9–crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria

Gasiunas, G., Barrangou, R., Horvath, P., & Siksnys, V. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208507109 · Cited by 2,769

Genome-Scale CRISPR-Mediated Control of Gene Repression and Activation

Gilbert, L. A., Horlbeck, M. A., Adamson, B., Villalta, J. E., Chen, Y., Whitehead, E. H., Guimaraes, C., Panning, B., Ploegh, H. L., Bassik, M. C., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.029 · Cited by 2,728

In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9

Ran, F. A., Cong, L., Yan, W. X., Scott, D. A., Gootenberg, J. S., Kriz, A. J., Zetsche, B., Shalem, O., Wu, X., Makarova, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14299 · Cited by 2,687

Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6

Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Kellner, M. J., Joung, J., Collins, J. J., & Zhang, F. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaq0179 · Cited by 2,679

High-fidelity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects

Kleinstiver, B. P., Pattanayak, V., Prew, M. S., Tsai, S. Q., Nguyen, N. T., Zheng, Z., & Joung, J. K. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16526 · Cited by 2,673

CRISPR RNA Maturation by Trans-Encoded Small RNA and Host Factor RNase III

Deltcheva, E., Chylinski, K., Sharma, C. M., Gonzales, K., Chao, Y., Pirzada, Z. A., Eckert, M. R., Vogel, J., & Charpentier, E. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09886 · Cited by 2,563

Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity

Slaymaker, I. M., Gao, L., Zetsche, B., Scott, D. A., Yan, W. X., & Zhang, F. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad5227 · Cited by 2,414

Selective organ targeting (SORT) nanoparticles for tissue-specific mRNA delivery and CRISPR–Cas gene editing

Cheng, Q., Wei, T., Farbiak, L., Johnson, L. T., Dilliard, S. A., & Siegwart, D. J. (2020) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0669-6 · Cited by 2,383

The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA

Garneau, J. E., Dupuis, M.-È., Villion, M., Romero, D. A., Barrangou, R., Boyaval, P., Fremaux, C., Horvath, P., Magadán, A. H., & Moineau, S. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09523 · Cited by 2,336

C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector

Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Konermann, S., Joung, J., Slaymaker, I. M., Cox, D. B. T., Shmakov, S., Makarova, K. S., Semenova, E., Minakhin, L., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5573 · Cited by 2,336

GUIDE-seq enables genome-wide profiling of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas nucleases

Tsai, S. Q., Zheng, Z., Nguyen, N. T., Liebers, M., Topkar, V. V., Thapar, V., Wyvekens, N., Khayter, C., Iafrate, A. J., Le, L. P., et al. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3117 · Cited by 2,268

Genome editing with CRISPR–Cas nucleases, base editors, transposases and prime editors

Anzalone, A. V., Koblan, L. W., & Liu, D. R. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0561-9 · Cited by 2,237

RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells

Jinek, M., East, A., Cheng, A., Lin, S., Ma, E., & Doudna, J. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00471 · Cited by 2,098

CRISPR-Cas9 Knockin Mice for Genome Editing and Cancer Modeling

Platt, R. J., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Yim, M. J., Swiech, L., Kempton, H. R., Dahlman, J. E., Parnas, O., Eisenhaure, T. M., Jovanovic, M., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.014 · Cited by 2,001

Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs

Fu, Y., Sander, J. D., Reyon, D., Cascio, V. M., & Joung, J. K. (2014) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2808 · Cited by 1,993 · cited 1×

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and β-Thalassemia

Frangoul, H., Altshuler, D., Cappellini, M. D., Chen, Y.-S., Domm, J., Eustace, B. K., Foell, J., de la Fuente, J., Grupp, S., Handgretinger, R., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2031054 · Cited by 1,962

Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers

Hilton, I. B., D’Ippolito, A. M., Vockley, C. M., Thakore, P. I., Crawford, G. E., Reddy, T. E., & Gersbach, C. A. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3199 · Cited by 1,931

Repair of double-strand breaks induced by CRISPR–Cas9 leads to large deletions and complex rearrangements

Kosicki, M., Tomberg, K., & Bradley, A. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4192 · Cited by 1,883

Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease

Cho, S. W., Kim, S., Kim, J. M., & Kim, J.-S. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2507 · Cited by 1,863

Perturb-Seq: Dissecting Molecular Circuits with Scalable Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Pooled Genetic Screens

Dixit, A., Parnas, O., Li, B., Chen, J., Fulco, C. P., Jerby-Arnon, L., Marjanovic, N. D., Dionne, D., Burks, T., Raychowdhury, R., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.038 · Cited by 1,863

Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Kim, S., Kim, D., Cho, S. W., Kim, J., & Kim, J.-S. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.171322.113 · Cited by 1,856

RNA editing with CRISPR-Cas13

Cox, D. B. T., Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Franklin, B., Kellner, M. J., Joung, J., & Zhang, F. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaq0180 · Cited by 1,834

Targeting a CAR to the TRAC locus with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances tumour rejection

Eyquem, J., Mansilla-Soto, J., Giavridis, T., van der Stegen, S. J. C., Hamieh, M., Cunanan, K. M., Odak, A., Gönen, M., & Sadelain, M. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21405 · Cited by 1,831 · cited 1×

DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9

Sternberg, S. H., Redding, S., Jinek, M., Greene, E. C., & Doudna, J. A. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13011 · Cited by 1,822

CRISPR-Cas9 In Vivo Gene Editing for Transthyretin Amyloidosis

Gillmore, J. D., Gane, E., Taubel, J., Kao, J., Fontana, M., Maitland, M. L., Seitzer, J., O’Connell, D., Walsh, K. R., Wood, K., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107454 · Cited by 1,801 · cited 1×

TALENs: A widely applicable technology for targeted genome editing

Joung, J. K., & Sander, J. D. (2013) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3486 · Cited by 1,650 · cited 1×

Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with altered PAM specificities

Kleinstiver, B. P., Prew, M. S., Tsai, S. Q., Topkar, V. V., Nguyen, N. T., Zheng, Z., Gonzales, A. P. W., Li, Z., Peterson, R. T., Yeh, J.-R. J., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14592 · Cited by 1,624

Identification and characterization of essential genes in the human genome

Wang, T., Birsoy, K., Hughes, N. W., Krupczak, K. M., Post, Y., Wei, J. J., Lander, E. S., & Sabatini, D. M. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac7041 · Cited by 1,617

One-step generation of mice carrying reporter and conditional alleles by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering

Yang, H., Wang, H., Shivalila, C. S., Cheng, A. W., Shi, L., & Jaenisch, R. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.022 · Cited by 1,596

Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity

Hu, J. H., Miller, S. M., Geurts, M. H., Tang, W., Chen, L., Sun, N., Zeina, C. M., Gao, X., Rees, H. A., Lin, Z., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature26155 · Cited by 1,552

Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far

Cappell, K. M., & Kochenderfer, J. N. (2023) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00754-1 · Cited by 1,503

Sickle cell disease

Kato, G. J., Piel, F. B., Reid, C. D., Gaston, M. H., Ohene-Frempong, K., Krishnamurti, L., Smith, W. R., Panepinto, J. A., Weatherall, D. J., Costa, F. F., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.10 · Cited by 1,501 · cited 1×

High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity

Pattanayak, V., Lin, S., Guilinger, J. P., Ma, E., Doudna, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2673 · Cited by 1,487

CRISPR-engineered T cells in patients with refractory cancer

Stadtmauer, E. A., Fraietta, J. A., Davis, M. M., Cohen, A. D., Weber, K. L., Lancaster, E., Mangan, P. A., Kulikovskaya, I., Gupta, M., Chen, F., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba7365 · Cited by 1,478

CRISPR-Cas guides the future of genetic engineering

Knott, G. J., & Doudna, J. A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat5011 · Cited by 1,410

CRISPR-based diagnostics

Kaminski, M. M., Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Zhang, F., & Collins, J. J. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00760-7 · Cited by 1,293

RNA Editing by Adenosine Deaminases That Act on RNA

Bass, B. (2002) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135501 · Cited by 1,272

CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing induces a p53-mediated DNA damage response

Haapaniemi, E., Botla, S., Persson, J., Schmierer, B., & Taipale, J. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0049-z · Cited by 1,264

CRISPR RNA–guided activation of endogenous human genes

Maeder, M. L., Linder, S. J., Cascio, V. M., Fu, Y., Ho, Q. H., & Joung, J. K. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2598 · Cited by 1,249

Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection

East-Seletsky, A., O’Connell, M. R., Knight, S. C., Burstein, D., Cate, J. H. D., Tjian, R., & Doudna, J. A. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19802 · Cited by 1,236

Unconstrained genome targeting with near-PAMless engineered CRISPR-Cas9 variants

Walton, R. T., Christie, K. A., Whittaker, M. N., & Kleinstiver, B. P. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba8853 · Cited by 1,233

Increasing the efficiency of homology-directed repair for CRISPR-Cas9-induced precise gene editing in mammalian cells

Chu, V. T., Weber, T., Wefers, B., Wurst, W., Sander, S., Rajewsky, K., & Kühn, R. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3198 · Cited by 1,210

Discovery and Functional Characterization of Diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas Systems

Shmakov, S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Gootenberg, J. S., Semenova, E., Minakhin, L., Joung, J., Konermann, S., Severinov, K., et al. (2015) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.008 · Cited by 1,209

Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery

Lin, S., Staahl, B. T., Alla, R. K., & Doudna, J. A. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04766 · Cited by 1,189

Enhanced proofreading governs CRISPR-Cas9 targeting accuracy

Chen, J. S., Dagdas, Y. S., Kleinstiver, B. P., Welch, M. M., Sousa, A. A., Harrington, L. B., Sternberg, S. H., Joung, J. K., Yildiz, A., & Doudna, J. A. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24268 · Cited by 1,168

In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Nelson, C. E., Hakim, C. H., Ousterout, D. G., Thakore, P. I., Moreb, E. A., Rivera, R. M. C., Madhavan, S., Pan, X., Ran, F. A., Yan, W. X., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad5143 · Cited by 1,144

Modeling colorectal cancer using CRISPR-Cas9–mediated engineering of human intestinal organoids

Matano, M., Date, S., Shimokawa, M., Takano, A., Fujii, M., Ohta, Y., Watanabe, T., Kanai, T., & Sato, T. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3802 · Cited by 1,135

The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing

Doudna, J. A. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1978-5 · Cited by 1,126 · cited 1×

Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease with expanded targeting space

Nishimasu, H., Shi, X., Ishiguro, S., Gao, L., Hirano, S., Okazaki, S., Noda, T., Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Mori, H., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas9129 · Cited by 1,100

Enhancing homology-directed genome editing by catalytically active and inactive CRISPR-Cas9 using asymmetric donor DNA

Richardson, C. D., Ray, G. J., DeWitt, M. A., Curie, G. L., & Corn, J. E. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3481 · Cited by 1,098

Pooled CRISPR screening with single-cell transcriptome readout.

Datlinger, P., Rendeiro, A. F., Schmidl, C., Krausgruber, T., Traxler, P., Klughammer, J., Schuster, L. C., Kuchler, A., Alpar, D., & Bock, C. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4177 · Cited by 1,096

Identification of preexisting adaptive immunity to Cas9 proteins in humans

Charlesworth, C. T., Deshpande, P. S., Dever, D. P., Camarena, J., Lemgart, V. T., Cromer, M. K., Vakulskas, C. A., Collingwood, M. A., Zhang, L., Bode, N. M., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0326-x · Cited by 1,093

Chemically modified guide RNAs enhance CRISPR-Cas genome editing in human primary cells

Hendel, A., Bak, R. O., Clark, J. T., Kennedy, A. B., Ryan, D. E., Roy, S., Steinfeld, I., Lunstad, B. D., Kaiser, R. J., Wilkens, A. B., et al. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3290 · Cited by 1,090

Regulation of Homologous Recombination in Eukaryotes

Heyer, W.-D., Ehmsen, K. T., & Liu, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-051710-150955 · Cited by 1,066

In vivo gene editing in dystrophic mouse muscle and muscle stem cells

Tabebordbar, M., Zhu, K., Cheng, J. K. W., Chew, W. L., Widrick, J. J., Yan, W. X., Maesner, C., Wu, E. Y., Xiao, R., Ran, F. A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad5177 · Cited by 1,046

Phage-assisted evolution of an adenine base editor with improved Cas domain compatibility and activity

Richter, M. F., Zhao, K. T., Eton, E., Lapinaite, A., Newby, G. A., Thuronyi, B. W., Wilson, C., Koblan, L. W., Zeng, J., Bauer, D. E., et al. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0453-z · Cited by 1,020

Highly specific epigenome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 repressors for silencing of distal regulatory elements

Thakore, P. I., D'Ippolito, A. M., Song, L., Safi, A., Shivakumar, N. K., Kabadi, A. M., Reddy, T. E., Crawford, G. E., & Gersbach, C. A. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3630 · Cited by 1,012

The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA

Fonfara, I., Richter, H., Bratovič, M., Le Rhun, A., & Charpentier, E. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17945 · Cited by 988

Mitotic homologous recombination maintains genomic stability and suppresses tumorigenesis

Moynahan, M. E., & Jasin, M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2851 · Cited by 959

Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR/Cas9

Paquet, D., Kwart, D., Chen, A., Sproul, A., Jacob, S., Teo, S., Olsen, K. M., Gregg, A., Noggle, S., & Tessier-Lavigne, M. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17664 · Cited by 951

Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells

Wu, X., Scott, D. A., Kriz, A. J., Chiu, A. C., Hsu, P. D., Dadon, D. B., Cheng, A. W., Trevino, A. E., Konermann, S., Chen, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2889 · Cited by 944

Multiplex gene editing by CRISPR–Cpf1 using a single crRNA array

Zetsche, B., Heidenreich, M., Mohanraju, P., Fedorova, I., Kneppers, J., DeGennaro, E. M., Winblad, N., Choudhury, S. R., Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., et al. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3737 · Cited by 926

BCL11A enhancer dissection by Cas9-mediated in situ saturating mutagenesis

Canver, M. C., Smith, E. C., Sher, F., Pinello, L., Sanjana, N. E., Shalem, O., Chen, D. D., Schupp, P. G., Vinjamur, D. S., Garcia, S. P., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15521 · Cited by 886

Prime genome editing in rice and wheat

Lin, Q., Zong, Y., Xue, C., Wang, S., Jin, S., Zhu, Z., Wang, Y., Anzalone, A. V., Raguram, A., Doman, J. L., et al. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0455-x · Cited by 873

Applications of CRISPR–Cas in agriculture and plant biotechnology

Zhu, H., Li, C., & Gao, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-00288-9 · Cited by 870

Enhanced prime editing systems by manipulating cellular determinants of editing outcomes

Chen, P. J., Hussmann, J. A., Yan, J., Knipping, F., Ravisankar, P., Chen, P.-F., Chen, C.-D., Nelson, J. W., Newby, G. A., Şahin, M., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.018 · Cited by 841

The Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR/Cas system provides immunity in Escherichia coli

Sapranauskas, R., Gasiūnas, G., Fremaux, C., Barrangou, R., Horvath, P., & Šikšnys, V. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr606 · Cited by 835

Rare-disease genetics in the era of next-generation sequencing: discovery to translation

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In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates

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