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Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades Later
Open accessAbstract
Adult somatic stem cells in various organs maintain homeostatic tissue regeneration and enhance plasticity. Since its initial discovery five decades ago, investigations of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells have led to an established and expanding field that has significantly influenced many facets of neuroscience, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. Here we review recent progress and focus on questions related to adult mammalian neural stem cells that also apply to other somatic stem cells. We further discuss emerging topics that are guiding the field toward better understanding adult neural stem cells and ultimately applying these principles to improve human health.
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“Radial glial cells, stem cell precursors, and astrocytes - all reported to express GFAP (reviewed in ref.26) - are found in the dentate gyrus2,27,28.”
From Therapeutically viable generation of neurons with antisense oligonucleotide suppression of PTB (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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MethodNeurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
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A specialized vascular niche for adult neural stem cells
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InfluentialmiR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche
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Highly Multiplexed Subcellular RNA Sequencing in Situ
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Neurogenesis in the striatum of the adult human brain
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“In the adult SGZ, one population-level study suggested that NSC activation leads to multiple rounds of proliferation, which is coupled with their depletion via differentiation into astrocytes without their ever returning to quiescence (Encinas et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCorridors of migrating neurons in the human brain and their decline during infancy
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“Wnt signaling is important for NSC maintenance, and Wnt inhibitors Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) promote NSC quiescence (Jang et al., 2013; Seib et al., 2013).”
BackgroundIn vivo clonal analysis reveals self-renewing and multipotent adult neural stem cell characteristics
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BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMosaic Organization of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Brain
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis Regulates Forgetting During Adulthood and Infancy
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BackgroundThe cerebrospinal fluid provides a proliferative niche for neural progenitor cells
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BackgroundDnmt3a-Dependent Nonpromoter DNA Methylation Facilitates Transcription of Neurogenic Genes
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“Oligodendrocyte precursors migrate to the corpus callosum to myelinate axons (Figure 4) (Xing et al., 2014).”
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Self-citationPattern separation: a common function for new neurons in hippocampus and olfactory bulb
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Metabolic control of adult neural stem cell activity by Fasn-dependent lipogenesis
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BackgroundIn vivo reprogramming of astrocytes to neuroblasts in the adult brain
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β2-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis
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“Excitement in this field continues with suggestions of additional functions of adult neurogenesis, such as buffering stress response (Snyder et al., 2011) and regulating ‘‘forgetting’’ or memory consolidation (Akers et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCross talk between microRNA and epigenetic regulation in adult neurogenesis
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“In addition, the blood-brain barrier is leaky near clusters of proliferating NSCs, which would allow these cells to more easily access factors in the blood (Tavazoie et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEmbryonic origin of postnatal neural stem cells
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“While its role remains to be characterized for adult NSCs, CSF in the embryonic brain promotes cortical neural progenitor proliferation via IGF-2 (Lehtinen et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialA latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse
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“In the absence of exogenous reprogramming factors, striatal astrocytes turn on nestin expression and generate neurons in both an adult mouse stroke model (Magnusson et al., 2014) and an excitotoxic model of Huntington’s disease (Nato et al., 2015) via downregulation of Notch signaling.”
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“GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, promotes NSC quiescence by blocking cell-cycle progression (Fernando et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialIn vivo conversion of astrocytes to neurons in the injured adult spinal cord
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“Neuroblasts migrate tangentially along the SGZ and develop into immature neurons, which migrate radially into the granule cell layer to differentiate into dentate granule neurons (Sun et al., 2015).”
BackgroundThe Age of Olfactory Bulb Neurons in Humans
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BackgroundNotch regulates cell fate and dendrite morphology of newborn neurons in the postnatal dentate gyrus
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“In the adult SVZ, clonal analysis revealed rapid progeny expansion and then depletion of NSCs (Calzolari et al., 2015).”
BackgroundTissue-Resident Adult Stem Cell Populations of Rapidly Self-Renewing Organs
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“In contrast to our substantial knowledge about the origins of other somatic stem cells (Barker et al., 2010), very little is known about the identity, location, and properties of precursors that give rise to adult NSCs in the SGZ and SVZ.”
ResultLive imaging of stem cell and progeny behaviour in physiological hair-follicle regeneration
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“…will also become possible to directly image the behavior of individual adult NSCs in vivo to explore how experience impacts NSC activation and division directly, as was achieved in adult fish (Barbosa et al., 2015) and for other adult somatic stem cells (Ritsma et al., 2014; Rompolas et al., 2012).”
BackgroundTet1 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition
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“Active DNA demethylation, mediated by the TET-GADD45 pathway (Guo et al., 2011), regulates SGZ NSC proliferation both cell autonomously (Zhang et al., 2013) and non-cell autonomously via modulation of growth factor expression in mature granule neurons (Ma et al., 2009).”
BackgroundFunctions and dysfunctions of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Christian, K. M., Song, H., & Ming, G.-L. (2014) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014134 · Cited by 362
Self-citationRamos, A. D., Andersen, R. E., Liu, S. J., Nowakowski, T. J., Hong, S. J., Gertz, C. C., Salinas, R. D., Zarabi, H., Kriegstein, A. R., & Lim, D. A. (2015) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.007 · Cited by 359 · cited 1×
“Two lnc-RNAs, Six3os and Dlx1as, promote neuronal differentiation and repress astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, whereas another lnc-RNA, Pnky, inhibits NSC differentiation (Ramos et al., 2013, 2015).”
BackgroundSignaling mechanisms regulating adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis
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“SHH signaling is required for SVZ NSC maintenance, but over-activation promotes symmetric division, which initially leads to NSC expansion but ultimately depletion (Ferent et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEpigenetic choreographers of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain
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“Methyl-CpG binding proteins bind to methylated DNA to regulate gene expression and neurogenesis (Ma et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSlowly dividing neural progenitors are an embryonic origin of adult neural stem cells
Furutachi, S., Miya, H., Watanabe, T., Kawai, H., Yamasaki, N., Harada, Y., Imayoshi, I., Nelson, M., Nakayama, K. I., Hirabayashi, Y., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3989 · Cited by 329 · cited 1×
“Two recent studies suggested that adult SVZ NSCs are regionally specified at an early embryonic stage and then remain largely quiescent until re-activation postnatally (Fuentealba et al., 2015; Furutachi et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWang, C., Liu, F., Liu, Y.-Y., Zhao, C.-H., You, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Wei, B. K., Ma, T., Zhang, Q., et al. (2011) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2011.83 · Cited by 328
Self-citationEpigenetic Regulation of miR-184 by MBD1 Governs Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation
Liu, C., Teng, Z., Santistevan, N. J., Szulwach, K. E., Guo, W., Jin, P., & Zhao, X. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.02.017 · Cited by 314
Barkho, B. Z., Song, H., Aimone, J. B., Smrt, R. D., Kuwabara, T., Nakashima, K., Gage, F. H., & Zhao, X. (2006) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2006.15.407 · Cited by 303
Self-citationLoss of Dickkopf-1 Restores Neurogenesis in Old Age and Counteracts Cognitive Decline
Seib, D. R., Corsini, N. S., Ellwanger, K., Plaas, C., Mateos, Á., Pitzer, C., Niehrs, C., Celikel, T., & Martín-Villalba, A. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.010 · Cited by 298 · cited 2×
“tant for NSC maintenance, and Wnt inhibitors Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) promote NSC quiescence (Jang et al., 2013; Seib et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKerever, A., Schnack, J., Vellinga, D., Ichikawa, N., Moon, C., Arikawa‐Hirasawa, E., Efird, J. T., & Mercier, F. (2007) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0082 · Cited by 296 · cited 1×
“Fractones, the first ECM structures described in the adult niches, contact precursors and trap growth factors (Kerever et al., 2007).”
BackgroundDirect cell–cell contact with the vascular niche maintains quiescent neural stem cells
Ottone, C., Krusche, B., Whitby, A., Clements, M., Quadrato, G., Pitulescu, M. E., Adams, R. H., & Parrinello, S. (2014) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3045 · Cited by 279 · cited 1×
“In the SVZ, endothelial cell expression of ephrinB2 and Jagged1 promotes NSC quiescence by suppressing cell-cycle entry and inhibiting differentiation, and loss of either gene results in NSC activation and depletion (Ottone et al., 2014).”
BackgroundXing, Y. L., Röth, P. T., Stratton, J. A. S., Chuang, B. H. A., Danne, J., Ellis, S. L., Ng, S. W., Kilpatrick, T. J., & Merson, T. D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3491-13.2014 · Cited by 275 · cited 1×
“Oligodendrocyte precursors migrate to the corpus callosum to myelinate axons (Figure 4) (Xing et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCell lineage analysis in human brain using endogenous retroelements
Evrony, G. D., Lee, E., Mehta, B. K., Benjamini, Y., Johnson, R. M., Cai, X., Yang, L., Haseley, P., Lehmann, H. S., Park, P. J., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.028 · Cited by 269 · cited 2×
“In addition, spontaneous somatic nuclear and mitochondrial mutations have been used as clonal marks to track cell lineage in human brains (Evrony et al., 2015) and”
MethodBifurcation analysis of single-cell gene expression data reveals epigenetic landscape
Marco, E., Karp, R. L., Guo, G., Robson, P., Hart, A. H., Trippa, L., & Yuan, G.-C. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1408993111 · Cited by 268 · cited 2×
“…of discrete time points, future studies will be greatly facilitated by novel bioinformatic tools, such as Monocle (Trapnell et al., 2014), SCUBA (Marco et al., 2014), and Waterfall (Shin et al., 2015), and novel sequencing technologies, such as FISSEQ (Lee et al., 2014), to reconstruct…”
MethodSingle-Cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Signals to Activate Dormant Neural Stem Cells
Luo, Y., Coskun, V., Liang, A., Yu, J., Cheng, L., Ge, W., Shi, Z., Zhang, K., Li, C., Cui, Y., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.001 · Cited by 264 · cited 2×
“For example, single-cell RNA-seq analyses of adult NSCs in both SVZ (Llorens-Bobadilla et al., 2015; Luo et al., 2015) and SGZ (Shin et al.”
MethodSynaptic integration and plasticity of new neurons in the adult hippocampus
Ge, S., Sailor, K. A., Ming, G., & Song, H. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.155655 · Cited by 253 · cited 1×
“In both neurogenic niches, adult NSCs primarily generate new neurons, which are hyper-excitable and exhibit a lower threshold for long-term potentiation induction during a critical period when compared to mature neurons (Ge et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOrtega, F., Gascón, S., Masserdotti, G., Deshpande, A., Simon, C., Fischer, J., Dimou, L., Chichung Lie, D., Schroeder, T., & Berninger, B. (2013) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2736 · Cited by 247 · cited 2×
“…recent in vivo clonal analysis has found only neuronal lineages from individual NSCs (Calzolari et al., 2015), whereas in vitro time-lapse analysis revealed the generation of either neurons or oligodendrocytes fromacutely isolated individual precursor cells, but never both (Ortega et al., 2013).”
BackgroundRamos, A. D., Diaz, A. A., Nellore, A., Delgado, R. N., Park, K.-Y., Gonzales-Roybal, G., Oldham, M. C., Song, J. S., & Lim, D. A. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.03.003 · Cited by 246
Emerging roles of TET proteins and 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in active DNA demethylation and beyond
Guo, J. U., Su, Y., Zhong, C., Ming, G.-L., & Song, H. (2011) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.10.16.17093 · Cited by 235
Self-citationNeurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain
Berg, D. A., Belnoue, L., Song, H., & Simon, A. (2013) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.088005 · Cited by 231 · cited 1×
“Indeed, adult NSCs are regulated by neurotransmitters released by mature neurons (Berg et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChordin-induced lineage plasticity of adult SVZ neuroblasts after demyelination
Jablonska, B., Aguirre, A. A., Raymond, M., Szabó, G., Kitabatake, Y., Sailor, K. A., Ming, G., Song, H., & Gallo, V. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2536 · Cited by 230
Self-citationNew Nerve Cells for the Adult Brain
Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (1999) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0599-48 · Cited by 228 · cited 1×
“It is now established that neural progenitor/stem cells (NSCs) reside in the adult mammalian brain and contribute to brain plasticity throughout life (Kempermann and Gage, 1999).”
BackgroundGlial influences on neural stem cell development: cellular niches for adult neurogenesis.
Ma, D.-K. K., Ming, G., & Song, H.-J. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.08.003 · Cited by 221 · cited 1×
“Adult NSC niches include ependymal cells, vascular cells, and immature and mature lineages of NSCs (Ma et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKippin, T. E. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1120-05.2005 · Cited by 221 · cited 1×
“The dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol increases SVZ NSC division, suggesting that dopamine also promotes quiescence (Kippin et al., 2005).”
BackgroundOrchestrating transcriptional control of adult neurogenesisPreprint
Hsieh, J. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.187336.112 · Cited by 218 · cited 3×
“NSC proliferation and maintenance, and repressor element 1-silencing transcription/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) blocks pro-neuronal genes to prevent precocious neuronal differentiation while maintaining the NSC pool in the SGZ (Hsieh, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialAndersen, J., Urbán, N., Achimastou, A., Ito, A., Simic, M., Ullom, K., Martynoga, B., Lebel, M., Göritz, C., Frisén, J., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.004 · Cited by 217 · cited 1×
“Another important transcription factor, achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1), is expressed in a small subset of adult NSCs at a given time and activates NSCs by targeting cell-cycle regulators (Andersen et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAstrocytes regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis through ephrin-B signaling
Ashton, R. S., Conway, A., Pangarkar, C., Bergen, J., Lim, K., Shah, P. S., Bissell, M. J., & Schaffer, D. V. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3212 · Cited by 217 · cited 1×
“In the SGZ, astrocytic expression of ephrinB2 promotes neuronal differentiation of NSCs via EphB4 receptor-mediated pro-neuronal transcription factor upregulation (Ashton et al., 2012).”
BackgroundKokovay, E., Wang, Y., Kusek, G., Wurster, R., Lederman, P. L., Lowry, N. A., Shen, Q., & Temple, S. (2012) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.06.016 · Cited by 213
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 Regulates Activity-Dependent Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Jang, M., Bonaguidi, M. A., Kitabatake, Y., Sun, J., Song, J., Kang, E., Jun, H., Zhong, C., Su, Y., Guo, J. U., et al. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.021 · Cited by 203 · cited 1×
“Recent studies have revealed changes in energetic demands during different stem cell behaviors (Jessberger, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationQuantification of Crypt and Stem Cell Evolution in the Normal and Neoplastic Human Colon
Baker, A., Cereser, B., Melton, S., Fletcher, A. G., Rodriguez‐Justo, M., Tadrous, P. J., Humphries, A., Elia, G., McDonald, S. A. C., Wright, N. A., et al. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.019 · Cited by 198
Fast clonal expansion and limited neural stem cell self-renewal in the adult subependymal zone
Calzolari, F., Michel, J., Baumgart, E. V., Theis, F. J., Götz, M., & Ninkovic, J. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3963 · Cited by 186 · cited 1×
“SVZ NSCs are more resistant to hypoxia and have a lower requirement for oxidativemetabolism but aremore dependent on glycolytic metabolism than neurons (Candelario et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLive imaging of adult neural stem cell behavior in the intact and injured zebrafish brain
Barbosa, J. S., Sánchez-González, R., Giaimo, R. D., Baumgart, E. V., Theis, F. J., Götz, M., & Ninkovic, J. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa2729 · Cited by 185 · cited 1×
“…will also become possible to directly image the behavior of individual adult NSCs in vivo to explore how experience impacts NSC activation and division directly, as was achieved in adult fish (Barbosa et al., 2015) and for other adult somatic stem cells (Ritsma et al., 2014; Rompolas et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDelgado, A. C., Ferrón, S. R., Vicente, D., Porlan, E., Pérez‐Villalba, A., Trujillo, C. M., D’Ocón, P., & Fariñas, I. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.015 · Cited by 182
The Ventral Hippocampus Is the Embryonic Origin for Adult Neural Stem Cells in the Dentate Gyrus
Li, G., Fang, L., Fernández, G., & Pleasure, S. J. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.019 · Cited by 171 · cited 1×
“Adult SGZ NSCs appear to originate from the ventral hippocampus during late gestation and then re-locate to the dorsal hippocampus (Li et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEzh2 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory
Zhang, J., Ji, F., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Li, H., Ji, G., Yuan, Z., & Jiao, J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4129-13.2014 · Cited by 167 · cited 1×
“Ezh2 is expressed in actively dividing NSCs in the SGZ and is thought to promote NSC proliferation , October 1, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. 389 SVZ Niche by suppressing Pten expression and activating Akt-mTOR (Zhang et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDll1 maintains quiescence of adult neural stem cells and segregates asymmetrically during mitosis
Kawaguchi, D., Furutachi, S., Kawai, H., Hozumi, K., & Gotoh, Y. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2895 · Cited by 154 · cited 2×
“Immediate progeny of NSCs provide diffusible or contact-mediated signals, such as the neurotransmitter GABA (Liu et al., 2005) and Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1) (Kawaguchi et al., 2013), to regulate NSC quiescence as a part of the feedback mechanism for homeostasis.”
BackgroundCell cycle restriction by histone H2AX limits proliferation of adult neural stem cells
Fernando, R. N., Eleuteri, B., Abdelhady, S., Nussenzweig, A., Andäng, M., & Ernfors, P. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014993108 · Cited by 152 · cited 1×
“GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, promotes NSC quiescence by blocking cell-cycle progression (Fernando et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRoles of small regulatory RNAs in determining neuronal identity
Li, X., & Jin, P. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2739 · Cited by 151 · cited 2×
“Non-coding RNAs, includingmiRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs), play a regulatory role in adult neurogenesis (Li and Jin, 2010).”
BackgroundAxonal Control of the Adult Neural Stem Cell Niche
Tong, C. K., Chen, J., Cebrián‐Silla, A., Mirzadeh, Z., Obernier, K., Guinto, C. D., Tecott, L. H., García‐Verdugo, J. M., Kriegstein, A. R., & Álvarez-Buylla, A. (2014) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.01.014 · Cited by 148 · cited 2×
“Instead of snapshot analyses of discrete time points, future studies will be greatly facilitated by novel bioinformatic tools, such as Monocle (Trapnell et al., 2014), SCUBA (Marco et al., 2014), and Waterfall (Shin et al., 2015), and novel sequencing technologies, such as FISSEQ (Lee et al.,…”
MethodKunze, A., Congreso, M. R., Hartmann, C. J., Wallraff, A., Hüttmann, K., Bedner, P., Requardt, R. P., Seifert, G., Redecker, C., Willecke, K., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813160106 · Cited by 143 · cited 2×
“The majority of NSCs are coupled to each other by gap junctions formed by connexin 43 (Cx43) (Kunze et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPaez-Gonzalez, P., Asrican, B., Rodriguez, E., & Kuo, C. T. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3734 · Cited by 140 · cited 9×
“Adult SVZ NSCs and their immediate progeny secrete diazepam binding inhibitor, which antagonizes GABA signaling and promotes proliferation of neuroblasts (Alfonso et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialTangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain
Sun, G. J., Zhou, Y. F., Stadel, R. P., Moss, J., Yong, J. H. A., Ito, S., Kawasaki, N. K., Phan, A. T., Oh, J. H., Modak, N., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1508545112 · Cited by 138
Self-citationExtracellular matrix and the neural stem cell niche
Kazanis, I., & ffrench‐Constant, C. (2011) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20970 · Cited by 127 · cited 1×
“In adult neurogenic niches, the ECM contains molecules such as laminins, proteoglycans, and tenascin C (Kazanis and ffrench-Constant, 2011).”
BackgroundAlfonso, J., Magueresse, C. L., Zuccotti, A., Khodosevich, K., & Monyer, H. (2012) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.11.011 · Cited by 127 · cited 1×
“Joseph Altman first suggested that neurogenesis, or the generation of new neurons, occurs beyond development in the adult mammalian brain (Altman and Das, 1965).”
BackgroundIn vivo contribution of nestin‐ and GLAST‐lineage cells to adult hippocampal neurogenesis
DeCarolis, N. A., Mechanic, M., Petřík, D., Carlton, A., Ables, J. L., Malhotra, S., Bachoo, R. M., Götz, M., Lagace, D. C., & Eisch, A. J. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22130 · Cited by 116 · cited 1×
“For example, endothelial cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes NSC self-renewal, and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), which promotes quiescence and longterm maintenance (Delgado et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHan, J., Calvo, C., Kang, T. H., Baker, K. L., Park, J.-H., Parras, C. M., Levittas, M., Birba, U., Pibouin-Fragner, L., Fragner, P., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.049 · Cited by 115
Lineage conversion induced by pluripotency factors involves transient passage through an iPSC stage
Bar‐Nur, O., Verheul, C., Sommer, A. G., Brumbaugh, J., Schwarz, B. A., Lipchina, I., Huebner, A. J., Mostoslavsky, G., & Hochedlinger, K. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3247 · Cited by 109
Striatal astrocytes produce neuroblasts in an excitotoxic model of Huntington's disease
Nato, G., Caramello, A., Trova, S., Avataneo, V., Rolando, C., Taylor, V., Buffo, A., Peretto, P. M., & Luzzati, F. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.116657 · Cited by 108
Candelario, K. M., Shuttleworth, C. W., & Cunningham, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12204 · Cited by 92 · cited 2×
“Non-coding RNAs, includingmiRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs), play a regulatory role in adult neurogenesis (Li and Jin, 2010). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. miR-124 promotes lineage p…”
BackgroundNeural Progenitor Cells Regulate Capillary Blood Flow in the Postnatal Subventricular Zone
Lacar, B., Hermán, P., Platel, J., Kubera, C., Hyder, F., & Bordey, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1457-12.2012 · Cited by 84
Jiang, Y., & Hsieh, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1411939111 · Cited by 71 · cited 1×
“Histone deacetylase 3 regulates NSC proliferation via stabilization of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Jiang and Hsieh, 2014).”
BackgroundFerent, J., Cochard, L. M., Faure, H., Taddei, M., Hahn, H., Ruat, M., & Traiffort, É. (2014) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.016 · Cited by 59 · cited 1×
“GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, promotes NSC quiescence by blocking cell-cycle progression (Fernando et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDecoding neural transcriptomes and epigenomes via high-throughput sequencing
Shin, J., Ming, G., & Song, H. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3814 · Cited by 53
Self-citationDissecting Integrin-Dependent Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in the Adult Brain
Porcheri, C., Suter, U., & Jessberger, S. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4928-13.2014 · Cited by 51 · cited 1×
“Integrinlinked kinase (ILK) interacts with multiple proteins, including integrins; loss of ILK in adult NSCs results in increased cell proliferation (Porcheri et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBerg, D. A., Yoon, K., Will, B., Xiao, A. Y., Kim, N.-S., Christian, K. M., Song, H., & Ming, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-015-1364-0 · Cited by 33 · cited 2×
“, 2001), which exhibit limited rounds of proliferation before generating neuroblasts (Berg et al., 2015) (Figure 2B).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrains in metamorphosis: reprogramming cell identity within the central nervous system
Arlotta, P., & Berninger, B. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.04.007 · Cited by 32 · cited 1×
“Studies have since shown that mammalian cells can be reprogrammed in vivo, either by molecular or environmental factors, to exhibit expanded potentials that are not seen under physiological conditions (Arlotta and Berninger, 2014).”
BackgroundSubventricular zone progenitors in time and space: generating neuronal diversity
Sequerra, E. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00434 · Cited by 27 · cited 1×
“In the SVZ, there are a host of transcription factors that specify the diverse populations of olfactory bulb neurons (Sequerra, 2014).”
BackgroundSpecial issue for stem cell metabolism: be quiet, grow, and differentiate
Jessberger, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-015-1353-3 · Cited by 2 · cited 1×
“Histone deacetylase 3 regulates NSC proliferation via stabilization of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Jiang and Hsieh, 2014).”
Background
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Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth
Tang, H., Hammack, C., Ogden, S. C., Wen, Z., Qian, X., Li, Y., Yao, B., Shin, J., Zhang, F., Lee, E. M., et al. (2016) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.016 · Cited by 1,292
“Our study also raises the question of whether ZIKV infects neural stem cells in adult humans (Bond et al., 2015).”
Self-citationNeural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain
Obernier, K., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2019) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.156059 · Cited by 578
“B1 cell-intrinsic factors and their role in V-SVZ neurogenesis have been reviewed elsewhere (e.g. Lim and Alvarez-Buylla, 2016; Jones and Connor, 2012; Bond et al., 2015; Murao et al., 2016) and are not discussed here.”
BackgroundAdvances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications
Liu, G., David, B. T., Trawczynski, M., & Fessler, R. G. (2019) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-019-09935-x · Cited by 557
Single-cell analysis reveals T cell infiltration in old neurogenic niches
Dulken, B. W., Buckley, M. T., Navarro Negredo, P., Saligrama, N., Cayrol, R., Leeman, D. S., George, B. M., Boutet, S. C., Hebestreit, K., Pluvinage, J. V., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1362-5 · Cited by 521
Mitochondria as central regulators of neural stem cell fate and cognitive function
Khacho, M., Harris, R., & Slack, R. S. (2018) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0091-3 · Cited by 409
Metadata
- Authors
- Bond, A. M., Ming, G.-L., & Song, H.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Hongjun
- Venue
- Cell Stem Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 385-395
- ISSN
- 1875-9777 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-5909
- PMC
- PMC4683085
- OpenAlex
- W1828558002
- Cited by
- 791
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 7.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell stem cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH105128, R01MH105128)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 048271, R01NS047344, NS 047344, R01NS048271, R21NS093772, R37NS047344, NS093772, NS09538, R56NS047344)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- adult neural stem cells, adult neurogenesis, adult stem cells, tissue regeneration, stem cell plasticity, regenerative medicine, stem cell niche
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Regenerative Medicine, Adult Stem Cells, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
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