Exercise and Hippocampal Memory Systems
Open accessAbstract
No medications prevent or reverse age-related cognitive decline. Physical activity (PA) enhances memory in rodents, but findings are mixed in human studies. As a result, exercise guidelines specific for brain health are absent. Here, we re-examine results from human studies, and suggest the use of more sensitive tasks to evaluate PA effects on age-related changes in the hippocampus, such as relational memory and mnemonic discrimination. We discuss recent advances from rodent and human studies into the underlying mechanisms at both the central and peripheral levels, including neurotrophins and myokines that could contribute to improved memory. Finally, we suggest guidelines for future research to help expedite well-founded PA recommendations for the public.
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Evidence for exercise benefits on cognition remains variable, probably because of lack of randomized controlled trials across the lifespan with standardized exercise interventions and comparable cognitive assessment methods.
“Of note, evidence for the benefits of exercise on cognition remains variable, probably owing to the lack of randomized controlled trials throughout the lifespan with standardized exercise interventions and comparable methods for cognitive assessment139–142.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [140]
In humans, chronic exercise training does not consistently increase plasma BDNF; studies report no change, an increase, or a decrease.
“whereas chronic exercise training has been shown to not alter140, increase or even decrease plasma levels of BDNF140,145.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [140]
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BackgroundRunning rewires the neuronal network of adult-born dentate granule cells
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- [4]Leshner AI (2017) Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward. 28650595
- [161]Rendeiro C and Rhodes JS (2018) A new perspective of the hippocampus in the origin of exercise-brain interactions. Brain Struct Funct. 29671055
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- Authors
- Voss, M. W., Soto, C., Yoo, S., Sodoma, M., Vivar, C., & van Praag, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Voss, Michelle W.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 318-333
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6422697
- OpenAlex
- W2913278175
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (INFR-2016 268247)
- Fundación Miguel Alemán, A.C.
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (RO1 AG055500, T32 GM108540)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- physical activity, hippocampus, age-related cognitive decline, memory, relational memory, mnemonic discrimination, neurotrophins, myokines, brain health, exercise recommendations, neuroplasticity
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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