The DOI matches its Crossref record; 145 of the 145 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 7 of the 149 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases
Open accessAbstract
The term sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle mass that occurs with ageing. On the basis of study results showing that muscle mass is only moderately related to functional outcomes, international working groups have proposed that loss of muscle strength or physical function should also be included in the definition. Irrespective of how sarcopenia is defined, both low muscle mass and poor muscle strength are clearly highly prevalent and important risk factors for disability and potentially mortality in individuals as they age. Many chronic diseases, in addition to ageing, could also accelerate decrease of muscle mass and strength, and this effect could be a main underlying mechanism by which chronic diseases cause physical disability. In this Review, we address both age-related and disease-related muscle loss, with a focus on diabetes and obesity but including other disease states, and potential common mechanisms and treatments. Development of treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss might improve active life expectancy in older people, and lead to substantial health-care savings and improved quality of life.
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Claims the paper makes
122 Not checked yet · 11 Own interpretation · 5 No basis given · 3 Partly supported · 2 Supported · 2 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Fat infiltration of muscle (both intramuscular and intermuscular) is further related to poor lower extremity physical performance.63”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [63] Tuttle, 2012, Intermuscular adipose tissue is muscle specific and associated with poor functional performance, J Aging Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that greater calf intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) was associated with poorer six-minute walk and physical performance test scores. The Assessments section describes IMAT measurement as including fat within and between muscles, but the paper does not report a separate association for intramuscular fat. Thus the claim is supported for the combined measure, not for both types independently. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
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In the paper
“Chronic or intermittent hypoxaemia could also affect mitochondrial function in a similar way to age-related muscle loss, leading to oxidative stress, reduced energy availability, and decreased protein synthesis.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [109] Buford, 2010, Models of accelerated sarcopenia: critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy, Ageing Res Rev sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 5.2 says chronic or intermittent hypoxia can suppress protein synthesis and reports mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in patients with peripheral arterial disease. It does not establish that hypoxia causes the mitochondrial dysfunction or that this pathway reduces energy availability; the authors explicitly say the causal link for mitochondrial dysfunction remains uncertain. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“After exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate GLUT4-mediated glucose transport is substantially improved.132”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [132] Frøsig, 2009, Improved insulin sensitivity after exercise: focus on insulin signaling, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
The 'Improved Insulin Action after Acute Exercise' section says insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was markedly increased after exercise. The 'Summary and Perspectives' section identifies increased GLUT4 translocation to the muscle membrane as the primary explanation for improved insulin action, supporting the paraphrase. The effect is described in previously active muscle. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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- Supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Age-related muscle loss is a strong risk factor for disability, hospitalisation, and death in older adults.10,13”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Fielding, 2011, Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia, J Am Med Dir Assoc source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Visser, 2005, Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, it has become clear that decreases in muscle strength exceed what is expected on the basis of the decline in muscle mass during ageing,18 especially after the age of 60–70 years.19”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Goodpaster, 2006, The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
- Not checked yetcites [19] Baum, 2009, Comparison of skeletal muscle strength between cardiac patients and age-matched healthy controls, Int J Med Sci source
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sarcopenia might affect up to half of people aged 80 years and older, but, without a standard definition, no real estimates of prevalence and incidence are possible.11,12”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] von Haehling, 2010, An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Volpato, 2013, Prevalence and clinical correlates of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people: application of the EWGSOP definition and diagnostic algorithm, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis (quadriceps) muscle decreases by up to 40% between the ages of 20 and 80 years.16”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Lexell, 1995, Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Increased expression of these E3 enzymes in insulin resistant individuals contributes to muscle protein degradation, a mechanism not shared by age-related sarcopenia.47”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Wang, 2006, Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling, Endocrinology source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The progressive mismatch between mass and strength probably occurs because of a deterioration of muscle quality.20”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Moore, 2014, Difference in Muscle Quality over the Adult Life Span and Biological Correlates in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Low mitochondrial size correlates with low glucose disposal rate and insulin sensitivity.48,49”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 47
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Irrespective of how sarcopenia is defined, both low muscle mass and poor muscle strength are clearly highly prevalent and important risk factors for disability and potentially mortality in individuals as they age.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] Fielding, 2011, Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia, J Am Med Dir Assoc source
The Epidemiology section (page unavailable) says reduced muscle mass is highly prevalent in older people and increases with age; Muscle Aging describes a substantial age-related decline in strength. Sarcopenia and Disability (page unavailable) links sarcopenia to disability and possible increased mortality, and reports that weakness predicts mortality more strongly than muscle mass. (LLM, conf=0.89)
- Not checked yetcites [13] Visser, 2005, Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This decrease in IGF-1 is associated with decreased muscle size and strength, decreased protein synthesis, and increased cell death,93 which in turn leads to increased visceral fat and decreased lean body mass.94”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [93] Perrini, 2010, The GH/IGF1 axis and signaling pathways in the muscle and bone: mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and osteoporosis, J Endocrinol source
The section “Abnormalities in GH/IGF1 signaling and age-related muscle mass wasting” states that age-associated reductions in GH and IGF1 are associated with decreased muscle size and strength, diminished protein synthesis, and increased cell apoptosis. This supports the clause attached to citation 93. The visceral-fat and lean-body-mass clause is attached to citation 94, so it is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked yetcites [94] Nass, 2002, Impact of the GH-cortisol ratio on the age-dependent changes in body composition, Growth Horm IGF Res source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Additionally, testosterone replacement is not without potential risks, including increased respiratory disorders (eg, cough, shortness of breath, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, sleep apnoea) and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (eg, application site reactions, itching, erythema, foot ulcers, and increased hair growth).84”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [84] Basaria, 2010, Adverse events associated with testosterone administration, N Engl J Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Adverse Events; page unavailable) report significantly more respiratory and skin/subcutaneous adverse events with testosterone than with placebo, as well as more cardiovascular-related events. Our copy does not identify the specific respiratory and skin conditions listed in the citing sentence, so it supports the categories but not those examples. The Discussion also limits the findings to older men with low testosterone and mobility limitations and cautions against extrapolation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Glucocorticoids inhibit protein synthesis and stimulate protein degradation in skeletal muscles. IGF-1 is decreased and myostatin is increased.99”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypercortisolism
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [99] Schakman, 2008, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, J Endocrinol source
The Anti-anabolic action and mTOR sections state that glucocorticoids inhibit muscle protein synthesis. The IGF-I section says they reduce muscle IGF-I, while the Myostatin section says they increase myostatin and links glucocorticoids to increased muscle proteolysis. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Development of treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss might improve active life expectancy in older people, and lead to substantial health-care savings and improved quality of life.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The contribution of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, the prevalence of which also increase with ageing, to age-related muscle loss is unclear;”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ageing is accompanied by major changes in body composition that can negatively affect functional status in older adults, including a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength, and quality, accompanied by an increase in fat mass.1,2”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Candow, 2005, Differences in size, strength, and power of upper and lower body muscle groups in young and older men, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Lauretani, 2003, Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia, J Appl Physiol (1985) source
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In the paper
“Lean muscle mass generally contributes up to about 50% of total bodyweight in young adults, but decreases with age to be about 25% of total bodyweight by age 75–80 years.15”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Short, 2004, Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No standardly used definition exists for assessment of sarcopenia, and consensus definitions based on critical analyses of large databases are being developed.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many chronic diseases, in addition to ageing, could also accelerate decrease of muscle mass and strength, and this effect could be a main underlying mechanism by which chronic diseases cause physical disability.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“arguably, definitions of sarcopenia that have been developed cannot necessarily differentiate the effects of ageing on muscle loss independent of other age-associated disease conditions that are prevalent in older individuals.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
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In the paper
“Notwithstanding uncertainties, it has been estimated that a 10% reduction in age-related muscle loss would result in savings of US$1·1 billion per year in health-care costs in the USA.14”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Janssen, 2004, The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, skeletal muscle ATP production increases in response to exogenous insulin in people without diabetes, but this increment is reduced in individuals with diabetes and is related to impaired insulin response.52”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Stump, 2003, Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production, protein synthesis, and mRNA transcripts, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
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In the paper
“However, the causal link from adiposity to intramyocellular lipid deposition is unclear,”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength is recorded in individuals with diabetes, is greater with longer diabetes duration or higher HbA1c, and is attenuated by use of insulin sensitisers.36-38”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Park, 2009, Excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Park, 2007, Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the health, aging, and body composition study, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Lee, 2011, Insulin sensitizers may attenuate lean mass loss in older men with diabetes, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that has reduced gene expression in muscles of patients with type 2 diabetes,55 and might have a role in preventing muscle atrophy.53,56”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Patti, 2003, Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
- Not checked yetcites [53] Sandri, 2006, PGC-1alpha protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
- Not checked yetcites [56] Lira, 2010, PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance results in decreased stimulation of protein synthesis pathways and increased activation of protein degradation pathways that might ultimately lead to muscle loss in type 2 diabetes (figure 1).”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The global prevalence of diabetes is projected to rise exponentially during the next few decades, with the greatest burden in older individuals (aged >65 years).32,33”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Insulin is a powerful anabolic signal and substantially stimulates muscle protein synthesis in young people but not in older people.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Fujita, 2009, Supraphysiological hyperinsulinaemia is necessary to stimulate skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older adults: evidence of a true age-related insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism, Diabetologia source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Up to 70% of adults with diabetes have difficulty carrying out routine physical tasks, with lower extremity mobility limitations particularly evident, and diabetes is a potent risk factor for most geriatric syndromes.34”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Kalyani, 2010, Association of diabetes, comorbidities, and A1C with functional disability in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2006, Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In insulin resistance, insulin or IGF-1 signalling is suppressed, leading to downregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway and decreased protein synthesis, as well as to forkhead box protein O1 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated forkhead box protein O1 stimulates expression of the E3 enzymes atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger-1 via increased activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Wang, 2006, Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling, Endocrinology source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, loss of height and lean body mass and increasing fat mass that occur with ageing uncouple the relationship of BMI and obesity, and attenuate associations with mortality.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Waters, 2011, Sarcopenia and obesity, Clin Geriatr Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A systematic review noted that individuals treated with GH had a significant decrease in fat mass (−2·08 kg, 95% CI −1·35 to −2·80 kg) and a significant increase in lean body mass (+2·13 kg, 95% CI 1·32 to 2·94 kg).”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] Liu, 2007, Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly, Ann Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, results of studies of body composition have shown that this adaptive mechanism might be impaired in older individuals who are obese. As a result, obese individuals might have relatively low muscle strength in view of their body size and have an increased risk of disability.62”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Alley, 2007, The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004, JAMA source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In men, total testosterone concentrations decrease by 1% per year and bioavailable testosterone by 2% per year from the age of 30 years.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77] Maggio, 2011, Gonadal status and physical performance in older men, Aging Male source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Increased adiposity and circulating concentrations of free fatty acids inhibit GH production and decrease plasma concentrations of IGF-1.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [93] Perrini, 2010, The GH/IGF1 axis and signaling pathways in the muscle and bone: mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and osteoporosis, J Endocrinol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate is a precursor to testosterone, with concentrations that also decrease with ageing—in men aged 70–80 years, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations are only about 20% of their peak concentrations at the age of 20 years.78”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78] Labrie, 1997, Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“GH treatment in adults with hypopituitarism and associated GH deficiency can improve body composition and increase lean body mass.95”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [95] Salomon, 1989, The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency, N Engl J Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Baumgartner and colleagues66 showed that both men and women older than 60 years with sarcopenic obesity had a significantly increased risk of having three or more physical disabilities compared with non-obese individuals after adjustment for age, and this association was stronger than with either sarcopenia or obesity alone.66”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [66] Baumgartner, 2000, Body composition in healthy aging, Ann N Y Acad Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“After 6 months of treatment, androgen-deprived older men have decreased appendicular skeletal muscle, decreased lean tissue, and increased body fat compared with untreated controls.79”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] Boxer, 2005, The effect of 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy on muscle and fat mass in older men with localized prostate cancer, Aging Male source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Sarcopenia and obesity can co-occur, and synergistically are associated with worse functional decline and outcomes than is either condition alone.70”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [70] Stenholm, 2009, The effect of obesity combined with low muscle strength on decline in mobility in older persons: results from the InCHIANTI study, Int J Obes (Lond) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Findings from few studies suggest that obesity alone might contribute more to lower physical function than does sarcopenia alone, but this probably depends on the degree of muscle loss.71”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Bouchard, 2009, Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: data from the Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging (NuAge)-the Quebec longitudinal Study, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Generally, irrespective of definition, the prevalence increased with each decade of age and was lower in non-Hispanic black people than in white people.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [69] Batsis, 2013, Variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults associated with different research definitions: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004, J Am Geriatr Soc source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In healthy young and older individuals, bone and muscle tend to be correlated with bodyweight, probably because gravity and inertial forces during movement stimulate mechano-receptors in both bone and muscle that modulate the production of growth factors.61”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Russo, 2000, True osteoporosis and frailty-related osteopenia: two different clinical entities, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Age-related loss of muscle mass is typically offset by gains in fat mass. As a result, bodyweight in men and women might be quite stable in middle age, or slightly increased even though the relative amount of body fat actually increases in comparison with lean tissue—an important step in the development of sarcopenic obesity.65”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Newman, 2005, Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, Am J Clin Nutr source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“With normalisation of thyroid concentrations, muscle mass and strength are re-established, but this can take up to 9 months to occur.98”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hyperthyroidism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Nørrelund, 1999, Muscle mass and function in thyrotoxic patients before and during medical treatment, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Resistance exercise stimulates protein synthesis and results in increased muscle mass and strength.121”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121] Cauza, 2009, Effects of progressive strength training on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients determined by computed tomography, Wien Med Wochenschr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although decreased caloric intake and anorexia associated with cancer might contribute to muscle loss, this is not the only factor; aggressive caloric supplementation alone cannot reverse the skeletal muscle loss.116”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116] Muscaritoli, 2010, Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”, Clin Nutr source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Vitamin D supplementation might also have wide-ranging beneficial effects in reducing falls and improving muscle strength, but evidence is inconclusive; large randomised controlled trials are addressing this hypothesis.102”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Vitamin D deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Kalyani, 2010, Vitamin D treatment for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Osteoporosis is also associated with the loss of muscle function and mobility limitations, although the direction of this association is unclear.103”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Osteoporosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] Ferrucci, 2013, Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations, Curr Pharm Des
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Several factors are likely to contribute to muscle loss, including the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, reduced protein synthesis in myocytes, physical activity limitations, insulin resistance, and inadequate protein ingestion could occur.106”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [106] de Oliveira Nunes Teixeira, 2013, Muscle wasting in collagen-induced arthritis and disuse atrophy, Exp Biol Med (Maywood) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Patients with HIV have lower muscle strength than do healthy individuals; however, resistance exercise can safely increase the strength of older patients with HIV to equal that of counterparts.119”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [119] Souza, 2011, Effect of progressive resistance exercise on strength evolution of elderly patients living with HIV compared to healthy controls, Clinics (Sao Paulo) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Tumour-induced inflammation can lead to increased production of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interferon gamma, and other cytokines, which results in increased protein catabolism, decreased protein anabolism, insulin resistance, and lipolysis.115”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [115] Dodson, 2011, Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: clinical implications, diagnosis, and emerging treatment strategies, Annu Rev Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroid treatment that has been used to treat muscle loss in diseases such as HIV, and also in patients with other catabolic disorders such as neuromuscular diseases, or in individuals who have had severe trauma, burn injury, or infections, with notable improvements in muscle function and faster recovery.120”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [120] Porro, 2012, Five-year outcomes after oxandrolone administration in severely burned children: a randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy, J Am Coll Surg source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Resistance exercise is effective and safe to prevent muscle loss even in old (mean age 87 years) and frail individuals, potentially by also decreasing skeletal muscle apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function.123”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [123] Fiatarone, 1994, Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people, N Engl J Med source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Muscle loss might also occur in other disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral arterial disease, COPD, congestive heart failure, advanced kidney disease, cirrhosis, cancer, and HIV, which we describe briefly here;”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The increase in muscle strength occurs almost immediately, after a few days of exercise, and much before a noticeable increase in muscle mass, suggesting that the primary effect of exercise might not be on hypertrophy but rather on muscle quality.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121] Cauza, 2009, Effects of progressive strength training on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients determined by computed tomography, Wien Med Wochenschr source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Muscle mass can be reduced by up to 20% and muscle strength by 40% in patients with severe thyrotoxicosis.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hyperthyroidism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Nørrelund, 1999, Muscle mass and function in thyrotoxic patients before and during medical treatment, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contrary to the clear beneficial effects of exercise on muscle health”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“findings from several studies have shown the benefits of exercise (aerobic and resistance) for improvement of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.130”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [130] Boulé, 2001, Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials, JAMA source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In parallel, increased contractile activity promotes oxidative fibre type transformation, PGC-1α expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle protein synthesis, and could lead to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.56”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] Lira, 2010, PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Moderate weight loss of about 5% in older women was found to improve insulin resistance, fat distribution, and muscle lipid infiltration, and preserve thigh muscle mass, with only a slight decrease in appendicular lean mass.136”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [136] Mazzali, 2006, Interrelations between fat distribution, muscle lipid content, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance: effect of moderate weight loss in older women, Am J Clin Nutr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In preliminary studies of older men and women with sarcopenia, oral supplementation with 16 g per day of essential aminoacids was associated with increased lean mass at 6 months and a further increase at 18 months, along with improved insulin sensitivity.135”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [135] Solerte, 2008, Nutritional supplements with oral amino acid mixtures increases whole-body lean mass and insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia, Am J Cardiol source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Hence, impaired insulin signaling is commonly observed in sarcopenic obesity [10,11].”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Skeletal muscle is the largest insulin-sensitive tissue and has the largest requirement for postprandial glucose through insulin dependent mechanism.”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Hypogonadal status also contributes to sarcopenic obesity by increasing levels of TNF-α and IL-6, which leads to central obesity [11,47].”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the prevalence of sarcopenia is 2–3 times higher than in non-diabetic peers.1”
From Semaglutide Therapy and Accelerated Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Month Retrospective Cohort Study (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
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Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030
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Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., Garry, P. J., & Lindeman, R. D. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520 · Cited by 4,004
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Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people
Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857
Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance
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Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Human Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes
Kelley, D. E., He, J., Menshikova, E. V., & Ritov, V. B. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2944 · Cited by 2,321
Cited by
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Kim, J. A., Hwang, S. Y., Chung, H. S., Kim, N. H., Seo, J. A., Kim, S. G., Kim, N. H., Choi, K. M., Baik, S. H., & Yoo, H. J. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0036 · Cited by 26
Atrogin1-induced loss of aquaporin 4 in myocytes leads to skeletal muscle atrophy
Chung, S. W., Kim, J.-Y., Yoon, J. P., Suh, D. W., Yeo, W. J., & Lee, Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71167-8 · Cited by 26
Yang, L., Zhang, J., Ruan, D., Zhao, K., Chen, X., & Shen, W. (2020) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967120948499 · Cited by 26
“Over 70% of people with diabetes report difficulty with routine physical activities, and diabetes alone was associated with 2 to 3 times increased odds of suffering from disabilities.(38) As nearly 10% of the United States population is diabetic, with an additional 33% being prediabetic, this is a particularly problem…”
BackgroundTerada, T., Reed, J. L., Vidal‐Almela, S., Mistura, M., Kamiya, K., & Way, K. L. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01468-x · Cited by 28
“Insulin resistance may have also increased A1C and decreased stimulation of protein synthesis while promoting activation of protein degradation [40].”
BackgroundTian, G., Katchur, S. R., Jiang, Y., Briand, J., Schaber, M. D., Kreatsoulas, C., Schwartz, B. J., Thrall, S. H., Davis, A. M., Duvall, S., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18878-2 · Cited by 30
Zhang, X., He, Z., Si, Q., Hu, X., Yang, L., Gu, X., Du, L.-J., Wang, L., Pan, L., Li, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2022/2229139 · Cited by 26
“On the other hand, the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue stimulates the systemic inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species, both of them act significantly on the loss of muscle mass and strength [45].”
BackgroundKelley, R. C., McDonagh, B., & Ferreira, L. F. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.017 · Cited by 26
“Age-related loss of muscle mass and function are significant predictors of morbidity and mortality (Kalyani et al., 2014).”
Guo, J., Shang, Y., Fratiglioni, L., Johnell, K., Welmer, A., Marseglia, A., & Xu, W. (2021) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afab045 · Cited by 26
“At the biological level, diabetes and vascular disorders are characterized by an increased level of inflammatory markers [37,40], which had been related to decreased muscle mass [41].”
BackgroundPiovezan, R. D., Yu, S., Hirotsu, C., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Haba‐Rubio, J., Tucker, G., Adams, R., Visvanathan, R., & Heinzer, R. C. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.06.009 · Cited by 26
Wang, J., Zeng, L., Hong, C., Cui, H., Wang, W., Zhu, H., Li, Q., Li, Y., Li, R., He, J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14990 · Cited by 25
“5,6 Sarcopenia was associated with severe liver fibrosis and was an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and severe fibrosis.”
BackgroundCardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review
Batterham, R. L., Bedimo, R., Diaz, R. S., Guaraldi, G., Lo, J., Martínez, E., McComsey, G. A., Milinkovic, A., Naito, T., Noé, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkae116 · Cited by 26
Papadopoulos, E., Irving, B. A., Brown, J. C., Heymsfield, S. B., Sattar, S., Alibhai, S. M. H., Williams, G. R., & Dunne, R. F. (2025) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-025-01252-y · Cited by 28
“By the age of 70, it is estimated that muscle mass is decreased by 20–40% [40, 41].”
Xenos, D., Mancinetti, F., Mecocci, P., & Boccardi, V. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102955 · Cited by 26
Mankowski, R. T., Anton, S. D., & Aubertin‐Leheudre, M. (2015) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-015-0132-y · Cited by 28
Chen, Y., Cai, Y.-X., Kang, X., Zhou, Z.-H., Qi, X., Ying, C., Zhang, Y., & Tao, J. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8793 · Cited by 26
Kakehi, S., Tamura, Y., Kubota, A., Takeno, K., Kawaguchi, M., Sakuraba, K., Kawamori, R., & Watada, H. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14516 · Cited by 25
Τσεκούρα, Μ., Tsepis, E., Billis, E. V., & Gliatis, J. (2020) · Lung India · doi:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_143_20 · Cited by 26
“[2,4] Sarcopenia is a disease which describes age-related muscle mass loss and muscle strength decline[5,6] and is comprised multiple factors, including inflammation and chronic illness.[2,7] Α substantial body of the literature has demonstrated that inflammation cytokines activate many of the molecular pathways invol…”
BackgroundMolecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge
Kamimura, H., Sato, T., Natsui, K., Kobayashi, T., Yoshida, T., Kamimura, K., Tsuchiya, A., Murayama, T., Yokoyama, J., Kawai, H., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031425 · Cited by 24
“Decreases in their levels in the context of liver disease can lead to decreased muscle mass regardless of age [38].”
BackgroundMa, X., & Chen, F. (2021) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i33.10064 · Cited by 27
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Muscle Wasting: A Metabolic Point of View
Afşar, R. E., Afşar, B., & Ikizler, T. A. (2023) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.027 · Cited by 25
Lodberg, A., van der Eerden, B. C. J., Boers-Sijmons, B., Thomsen, J. S., Brüel, A., van Leeuwen, J. P. T. M., & Eijken, M. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201801969rr · Cited by 25
“Whatever the cause, a decline in muscle mass often coincides with osteoporosis, increasing the riskof fractureanddisability as a result of trauma (2, 3).”
BackgroundMcClure, R., & Villani, A. M. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.009 · Cited by 26
New Molecular Targets and Lifestyle Interventions to Delay Aging Sarcopenia
Sanchis-Gomar, F., Pareja-Galeano, H., Mayero, S., Perez-Quilis, C., & Lucia, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00156 · Cited by 24
“Treatments for age-related and diseaserelated muscle loss might improve active life expectancy in older people, and lead to substantial health-care savings and improved quality of life (Rastogi-Kalyani et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAddressing Obesity to Promote Healthy Aging
Roderka, M. N., Puri, S., & Batsis, J. A. (2020) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2020.06.006 · Cited by 26
Buccheri, E., Dell'Aquila, D., & Russo, M. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108722 · Cited by 24
Jun, J. E., Choi, M. S., Park, S. W., Kim, G., Jin, S., Kim, K., Hwang, Y., Ahn, K. J., Chung, H. Y., Jeong, I., et al. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.04.002 · Cited by 25
Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat?
Capucho, A. M., Chegão, A., Martins, F. O., Miranda, H. V., & Conde, S. V. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071425 · Cited by 26
“Consequently, as the global population ages, there will be a higher prevalence of obesity, DM, and cardiovascular disease [4,5].”
BackgroundMIF1 and MIF2 Myostatin Peptide Inhibitors as Potent Muscle Mass Regulators
Lee, E. J., Shaikh, S., Baig, M. H., Park, S., Lim, J. H., Ahmad, S. S., Ali, S. M., Ahmad, K., & Choi, I. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084222 · Cited by 24
“Agerelated sarcopenia and muscle atrophy affect many elderly individuals, and associated reductions in muscle mass and strength seriously diminish the quality of life [45].”
BackgroundRamoo, K., Hairi, N. N., Yahya, A., Choo, W. Y., Hairi, F. M., Peramalah, D., Kandiben, S., Bulgiba, A. M., Ali, Z. M., Razak, I. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084723 · Cited by 28
Batista, A. F. R., Petty, D., Fairhurst, C. M., & Davies, S. J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110995 · Cited by 25
Signaling pathways of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes promoting muscle regeneration
Zhu, A., Liu, N., Shang, Y., Zhen, Y., & An, Y. (2022) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002404 · Cited by 24
GREEN, D. J., Chasland, L. C., Yeap, B. B., & Naylor, L. H. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00703-x · Cited by 29
“Given that muscle mass in the lower extremities is an important determinant of mobility status with aging [89, 90], our results may have implications for older men unable to exercise due to disease or disability.”
BackgroundIdentification and treatment of older persons with sarcopenia
Lauretani, F., Bautmans, I., Vita, F. D., Nardelli, A., Ceda, G. P., & Maggio, M. G. (2014) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2014.958457 · Cited by 24
Garduño‐García, J. D. J., Camarillo-Romero, E. D. S., Ochoa, A. L., Romero‐Figueroa, M. D. S., Bravo, G. H., Torres-García, R., Montenegro-Morales, P., & Zerón, H. M. (2015) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-015-0011-x · Cited by 24
“known than aging process it is associated with the decrease of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function [32].”
BackgroundSenescent Nephropathy: The New Renal Syndrome
Aiello, F. I., Dueñas, E. P., & Musso, C. G. (2017) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare5040081 · Cited by 28
“Moreover, oxidative stress stimulates the inflammation factor, whereas inflammatory changes increase ROS production, creating a vicious circle that leads to a higher increase in the oxidative stress and inflammatory state [6,11,12].”
BackgroundSeko, Y., Mizuno, N., Okishio, S., Takahashi, A., Kataoka, S., Okuda, K., Furuta, M., Takemura, M., Taketani, H., Umemura, A., et al. (2019) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.13321 · Cited by 23
Abdominal muscle segmentation from CT using a convolutional neural network
Edwards, K., Chhabra, A. B., Dormer, J. D., Jones, P., Boutin, R. D., Lenchik, L., & Fei, B. (2020) · SPIE Medical Imaging: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1117/12.2549406 · Cited by 24
“Fully utilizing the ability to manipulate CT to track changes in muscle can greatly improve patient outcomes for those suffering from muscle loss related diseases 4 .”
Sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a causal relationship
Pacifico, L., Perla, F. M., & Chiesa, C. (2019) · HepatoBiliary Surgery and Nutrition · doi:10.21037/hbsn.2018.11.11 · Cited by 24
“In the past, sarcopenia was only regarded as part of aging; more recently, it was recognized as a progressive disease frequently associated with cardiometabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (6).”
Pathophysiological analyses of skeletal muscle in obese type 2 diabetes SDT fatty rats
Kemmochi, Y., Ohta, T., Motohashi, Y., Kaneshige, A., Katsumi, S., Kakimoto, K., Yasui, Y., Anagawa-Nakamura, A., Toyoda, K., Taniai-Riya, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1293/tox.2017-0064 · Cited by 23
Torres, S. J., Robinson, S. M., Orellana, L., O’Connell, S. L., Grimes, C. A., Mundell, N. L., Dunstan, D. W., Nowson, C. A., & Daly, R. M. (2017) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517001507 · Cited by 26
“There is also evidence that a loss in muscle mass and strength is associated with major comorbidities, including osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome and CVD(8).”
BackgroundInfluentialJandova, T., Narici, M. V., Šteffl, M., Bondi, D., D’Amico, M., Pavlů, D., Verratti, V., Fulle, S., & Pietrangelo, T. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10090184 · Cited by 27
“In the elderly, sarcopenia is accelerated by physical inactivity [64], affecting primarily the lower extremities [65].”
BackgroundFunamizu, T., Nagatomo, Y., Saji, M., Iguchi, N., Daida, H., & Yoshikawa, T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247140 · Cited by 23
“On the other hand, lower muscle mass is related to insulin resistance [34] which can cause the exacerbation of diastolic dysfunction [32].”
BackgroundBuchanan, A., & Villani, A. M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9101255 · Cited by 26
“Consequent reductions in muscle strength and physical performance heighten the vulnerability of middle-aged and older adults to mobility disability, hospitalisations, and loss of independence [2,3], especially in the presence of multiple comorbidities [4] and increasing rates of obesity [5].”
BackgroundAssessment of lifestyle “vital signs” in healthcare settings
Rozanski, A., Sakul, S., Narula, J., & Berman, D. S. (2023) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.002 · Cited by 25
Gilbertson, N. M., Paisley, A. S., Kranz, S., WELTMAN, A. L., Kirby, J. L., Hallowell, P. T., & Malin, S. K. (2017) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2966-1 · Cited by 24
The effect of whole-body vibration training on lean mass: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis
Chen, H., Ma, J., Lu, B., & Ma, X.-L. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000008390 · Cited by 21
Mansour, K., Goulart, C. D. L., de Carvalho-Junior, L. C. S., Trimer, R., Borghi-Silva, A., & da Silva, A. L. G. (2019) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/1806-3713/e20180252 · Cited by 27
Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Sinclair, A. J., & Abdelhafiz, A. H. (2020) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2020.04.002 · Cited by 23
Risk factors associated with frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Lin, C., Yu, N., Wu, H., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15953 · Cited by 22
Jugé, L., Olsza, I., Knapman, F. L., Burke, P. G. R., Brown, E. C., Stumbles, E., de Frescheville, A. F. B., Gandevia, S. C., Eckert, D. J., Butler, J. E., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab192 · Cited by 23
Sun, X., Liu, Z., Chen, F., & Du, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95108-1 · Cited by 22
Husted, K. L. S., Brink-Kjær, A., Fogelstrøm, M., Hulst, P., Bleibach, A., Henneberg, K.-Å., Sørensen, H. B. D., Dela, F., Jacobsen, J. C., & Helge, J. W. (2022) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/35696 · Cited by 25
“Applying the BA model to longitudinal data is an important future investigation, to see if a relatively high BA is a predictor of poor health outcomes such as T2D, CVD, and mortality.”
BackgroundInfluentialPrevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension
Xing, E., & Wan, C. (2022) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605221110490 · Cited by 22
Kim, M. J., Lee, J. M., Min, K., & Choi, Y. (2023) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-023-09643-7 · Cited by 25
Dlamini, M., & Khathi, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010469 · Cited by 23
“The binding of the homo-and heterodimers of MFRs to the MEF-1 site tightly regulates the development and differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells into multinucleated myotubes [144].”
BackgroundPrecision MRI phenotyping of muscle volume and quality at a population scale
Thanaj, M., Basty, N., Whitcher, B. J., Sorokin, E. P., Liu, Y., Srinivasan, R., Cule, M., Thomas, E. L., & Bell, J. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1288657 · Cited by 22
“We have confirmed and expanded on previous studies looking at the impact of age, sex, selfreported ethnicity, lifestyle factors, and health on muscle volume and quality [24] and have identified muscle IDPs strongly associated with sarcopenia and frailty.”
ResultCold shock protein RBM3 attenuates atrophy and induces hypertrophy in skeletal muscle
Pelt, D. W. V., Confides, A. L., Judge, A. R., Vanderklish, P. W., & Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E. (2018) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-018-9496-x · Cited by 22
Absence of GIP secretion alleviates age-related obesity and insulin resistance
Kanemaru, Y., Harada, N., Shimazu‐Kuwahara, S., Yamane, S., Ikeguchi, E., Murata, Y., Kiyobayashi, S., Hatoko, T., & Inagaki, N. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-19-0477 · Cited by 23
Montalcini, T., Pujia, A., Donini, L., Frittitta, L., Galvano, F., Natali, A., Pironi, L., Porrini, M., Riso, P., Rivellese, A., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092662 · Cited by 18
“Indiv duals with hyperglyca mia or di betes have less appendicular lean body mass and a lower muscle quality, which possibly reduces the surface area for glucose transport [75].”
BackgroundSong, M., Zheng, Y., Qi, L., Hu, F. B., Chan, A. T., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyx255 · Cited by 22
Yalamanchi, S., Stewart, K. J., Ji, N., Golden, S. H., Dobs, A. S., Becker, D. M., Vaidya, D. M., Kral, B. G., & Kalyani, R. R. (2016) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.09.026 · Cited by 21
Self-citationResponse and Adherence of Nursing Home Residents to a Nutrition/Exercise Intervention
Karlsson, E., Grönstedt, H. K., Irving, G. F., Franzén, E., Luiking, Y. C., Seiger, Å., Vikström, S., Wimo, A. B., Cederholm, T., & Boström, A. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.04.001 · Cited by 22
Testing soft tissue radiodensity parameters interplay with age and self-reported physical activity
Recenti, M., Ricciardi, C., Edmunds, K. J., Jacob, D., Gambacorta, M., & Gargiulo, P. (2021) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2021.9929 · Cited by 21
“Prof. Paolo Gargiulo, Reykjavik University, Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Menntavegi 1,102 Reykjavik, Iceland ORCID iD: 0000-002-5049-4817 E-mail: paologar@landspitali.is E-mails and ORCID iD of co-authors Marco Recenti: marco18@ru.is ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9440-8434 Carlo Ricciardi: carloricciardi.93@g…”
BackgroundWu, M., Wei, Y., Lv, J., Guo, Y., Pei, P., Li, J., Du, H., Yang, L., Chen, Y., Sun, X., et al. (2022) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002193 · Cited by 21
Lu, Y., Lim, W. S., Jin, X., Nyunt, M. S. Z., Fülöp, T., Gao, Q., Lim, S. C., Larbi, A., & Ng, T. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.971622 · Cited by 20
“Exclusion criteria: (1) significant cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination score ≤ 23); (2) major depression; (3) severe audiovisual impairment; (4) any progressive, degenerative neurologic disease; (5) terminal illness with life expectancy < 12 months.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPreserved Lower Limb Muscle Mass Prevents Insulin Resistance Development in Nondiabetic Older Adults
Seko, T., Akasaka, H., Koyama, M., Himuro, N., Saitoh, S., Miura, T., Mori, M., & Ohnishi, H. (2022) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2022.12.002 · Cited by 22
Kim, B. M., Yi, Y. H., Kim, Y. J., Lee, S. Y., Lee, J. G., Cho, Y. H., Tak, Y. J., Hwang, H. R., Lee, S. H., Park, E. J., et al. (2020) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.19.0073 · Cited by 21
Association between relative handgrip strength and prediabetes among South Korean adults
Jang, B. N., Nari, F., Kim, S., & Park, E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240027 · Cited by 21
“Some studies have shown that loss of muscle strength is associated with diabetes and that insulin resistance causes muscle protein loss [6, 7].”
BackgroundGhanemi, A., Melouane, A., Yoshioka, M., & St‐Amand, J. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10249108 · Cited by 21
Barajaa, M. A., Ghosh, D., & Laurencin, C. T. (2023) · Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40883-023-00328-8 · Cited by 24
Cheng, F., Li, N., Yang, J., Yang, J., Yang, W., Ran, J., Sun, P., & Liao, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79958-z · Cited by 27
“The loss of muscle mass has been linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome 70 .”
Lee, M., Hsu, Y.-J., Yang, H.-J., & Huang, C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030463 · Cited by 21
Orkin, S. H., Yodoshi, T., Romantic, E., Hitchcock, K., Arce‐Clachar, A. C., Bramlage, K., Sun, Q., Fei, L., Xanthakos, S. A., Trout, A. T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2113 · Cited by 20
Dondero, K. R., Falvey, J. R., Beamer, B. A., & Addison, O. R. (2022) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000358 · Cited by 20
Park, S., & Roh, Y. (2022) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2022.111773 · Cited by 22
Lean body mass and risk of type 2 diabetes - a Danish cohort study
Baker, C. F., Overvad, K., & Dahm, C. C. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-019-00438-7 · Cited by 21
Li, H., Wang, Y., Zhou, Z., Tian, F., Yang, H., & Yan, J. (2019) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2019.1665547 · Cited by 20
“cardiovascular diseases [3], obesity [4], diabetic retinop-”
Yoo, J. H., Kim, G., Park, S. W., Choi, M. S., Ahn, J., Jin, S., Hur, K. Y., Lee, M., Kang, M., & Kim, J. H. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62841-y · Cited by 20
Liu, H., Cheng, H.-C., Tsai, S., & Sun, W.-H. (2020) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000510148 · Cited by 20
Thong, E. P., Milat, F., Enticott, J., Joham, A. E., Ebeling, P. R., Mishra, G. D., & Teede, H. J. (2021) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05771-9 · Cited by 20
“T2D is also underpinned by obesity and accelerated aging [11], whereby increased marrow adiposity, chronic inflammation [12], and sarcopaenia [13, 14] have been implicated in musculoskeletal deterioration.”
BackgroundBuchmann, N., Spira, D., König, M., Norman, K., Demuth, I., & Steinhagen‐Thiessen, E. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47787-0 · Cited by 20
Management of Comorbidities in Older Persons With Type 2 Diabetes
Morley, J. E., Abbatecola, A. M., & Woo, J. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.006 · Cited by 20
Diabetic nephropathy in the elderly – clinical practice
Nadolnik, K., Skrypnik, D., Skrypnik, K., & Bogdański, P. (2018) · Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny · doi:10.32394/rpzh.2018.0037 · Cited by 21
Sleep duration and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 65 years from low and middle-income countries
Smith, L., Shin, J. I., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Sánchez, G. F. L., Pizzol, D., Demurtas, J., Tully, M. A., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., et al. (2022) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-022-02074-3 · Cited by 19
“Second, insulin resistance associated with sleep problems can cause loss of muscle mass and function in older adults [40].”
BackgroundGender Differences in Body Composition in Pre-Frail Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
Merchant, R. A., Soong, J. T. Y., & Morley, J. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.795594 · Cited by 20
Orenduff, M. C., Coleman, M. F., Glenny, E. M., Huffman, K. M., Rezeli, E. T., Bareja, A., Pieper, C. F., Kraus, V. B., & Hursting, S. D. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111841 · Cited by 19
Yoshikoshi, S., Yamamoto, S., Suzuki, Y., Imamura, K., Harada, M., Osada, S., Kamiya, K., & Matsunaga, A. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13039 · Cited by 19
Gómez, J. J. L., Gutiérrez-Lora, C., Izaola-Jáuregui, O., Primo, D., Hoyos, E. G., Jiménez-Sahagún, R., & de Luis, D. A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224802 · Cited by 19
“On the other hand, an increase in sarcopenia [4] and sarcopenic obesity [5] has been observed in patients with diabetes mellitus, which conditions a decline in muscle strength and functionality and is associated with a worsening of quality of life of the patient and an increase in mortality [6].”
BackgroundActivation of β-catenin in mesenchymal progenitors leads to muscle mass loss
Kajabadi, N., Low, M., Jacques, E., Lad, H., Tung, L. W., Babaeijandaghi, F., Gamu, D., Zelada, D., Wong, C. K., Chang, C.-K., et al. (2023) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.009 · Cited by 22
Tangram of Sodium and Fluid Balance
Bagordo, D., Rossi, G. P., Delles, C., Wiig, H., & Rossitto, G. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19569 · Cited by 22
“112 Of note, surgical cure of PA was associated with a decrease of incident atrial fibrillation and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy via reverse inward remodeling, 129 in line with the concept that removal of the mineralocorticoid-mediated salt-retaining excess is associated with a…”
Egawa, T., Ohno, Y., Goto, A., Yokoyama, S., Hayashi, T., & Goto, K. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19102954 · Cited by 19
“Loss of skeletal muscle function and mass leads to disorders such as sarcopenia and insulin resistance [1].”
BackgroundHa, T. K. Q., Pham, H. T. T., Cho, H. M., Tran, V. O., Yang, J., Jung, D., Williams, D. R., & Oh, W. K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37808-9 · Cited by 19
Takahashi, F., Hashimoto, Y., Kaji, A., Sakai, R., Okamura, T., Hamaguchi, M., & Fukui, M. (2021) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0655 · Cited by 19
“Addi‐ tionally, a previous study has revealed that obesity, like sarcopenia, increases albuminuria by triggering cascades of events including insulin resistance, increased reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammation [38].”
BackgroundHolistic and Personalized Strategies for Managing in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Yun, J., Kim, K., Ahn, Y., Han, K., & Ko, S. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2024.0310 · Cited by 26
“Muscle mass typically decreases at a rate of 1% to 2% per year starting at age 50, increasing to 3% per year after age 60, and then accelerating rapidly after age 75 [20,21].”
BackgroundMuscle Dysfunction and Physical Recovery After Critical Illness
Mart, M. F., Gordon, J. I., González-Seguel, F., Mayer, K. P., & Brummel, N. E. (2025) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666251317467 · Cited by 23
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“6 7 21 22 Through in vivo and in vitro approaches, this study aims to evaluate the SIRT1-mediated effects of resveratrol on abovementioned pathogenesis in limb muscles of NASH mice with muscle wasting.”
Mechanism of Chinese yam for the treatment of aging-related diseases based on network pharmacology
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“Both skeletal and cardiac muscle adapt in response to conditions such as illness and aging, and to counteract a muscular decline is regarded as beneficial to health [7].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., & Ferrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 819-829
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4156923
- OpenAlex
- W2139789661
- Semantic Scholar
- 3c56fce30ecb0e77c93458bf0fbc85a0747736ea
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15
- FWCI
- 6.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK093583, T32-DK062707)
- Johns Hopkins Older Americans Independence Center (P30-AG021334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle mass loss, muscle strength, aging, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic disease, physical disability, functional decline, sarcopenia treatment, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Male, Obesity, Diabetes Complications, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-05, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-05 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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