The DOI matches its Crossref record; 145 of the 145 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 149 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases
Open accessAbstract
The term sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle mass that occurs with ageing. On the basis of study results showing that muscle mass is only moderately related to functional outcomes, international working groups have proposed that loss of muscle strength or physical function should also be included in the definition. Irrespective of how sarcopenia is defined, both low muscle mass and poor muscle strength are clearly highly prevalent and important risk factors for disability and potentially mortality in individuals as they age. Many chronic diseases, in addition to ageing, could also accelerate decrease of muscle mass and strength, and this effect could be a main underlying mechanism by which chronic diseases cause physical disability. In this Review, we address both age-related and disease-related muscle loss, with a focus on diabetes and obesity but including other disease states, and potential common mechanisms and treatments. Development of treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss might improve active life expectancy in older people, and lead to substantial health-care savings and improved quality of life.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
123 Not checked yet · 11 Own interpretation · 5 No basis given · 2 Supported · 2 Supported so far · 2 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Fat infiltration of muscle (both intramuscular and intermuscular) is further related to poor lower extremity physical performance.63”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [63] Tuttle, 2012, Intermuscular adipose tissue is muscle specific and associated with poor functional performance, J Aging Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that greater calf intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) was associated with poorer six-minute walk and physical performance test scores. The Assessments section describes IMAT measurement as including fat within and between muscles, but the paper does not report a separate association for intramuscular fat. Thus the claim is supported for the combined measure, not for both types independently. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Chronic or intermittent hypoxaemia could also affect mitochondrial function in a similar way to age-related muscle loss, leading to oxidative stress, reduced energy availability, and decreased protein synthesis.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [109] Buford, 2010, Models of accelerated sarcopenia: critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy, Ageing Res Rev sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 5.2 says chronic or intermittent hypoxia can suppress protein synthesis and reports mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in patients with peripheral arterial disease. It does not establish that hypoxia causes the mitochondrial dysfunction or that this pathway reduces energy availability; the authors explicitly say the causal link for mitochondrial dysfunction remains uncertain. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“After exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate GLUT4-mediated glucose transport is substantially improved.132”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [132] Frøsig, 2009, Improved insulin sensitivity after exercise: focus on insulin signaling, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
The 'Improved Insulin Action after Acute Exercise' section says insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was markedly increased after exercise. The 'Summary and Perspectives' section identifies increased GLUT4 translocation to the muscle membrane as the primary explanation for improved insulin action, supporting the paraphrase. The effect is described in previously active muscle. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Age-related muscle loss is a strong risk factor for disability, hospitalisation, and death in older adults.10,13”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Fielding, 2011, Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia, J Am Med Dir Assoc source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Visser, 2005, Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, it has become clear that decreases in muscle strength exceed what is expected on the basis of the decline in muscle mass during ageing,18 especially after the age of 60–70 years.19”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Goodpaster, 2006, The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
- Not checked yetcites [19] Baum, 2009, Comparison of skeletal muscle strength between cardiac patients and age-matched healthy controls, Int J Med Sci source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sarcopenia might affect up to half of people aged 80 years and older, but, without a standard definition, no real estimates of prevalence and incidence are possible.11,12”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] von Haehling, 2010, An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Volpato, 2013, Prevalence and clinical correlates of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people: application of the EWGSOP definition and diagnostic algorithm, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis (quadriceps) muscle decreases by up to 40% between the ages of 20 and 80 years.16”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Lexell, 1995, Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Increased expression of these E3 enzymes in insulin resistant individuals contributes to muscle protein degradation, a mechanism not shared by age-related sarcopenia.47”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Wang, 2006, Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling, Endocrinology source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The progressive mismatch between mass and strength probably occurs because of a deterioration of muscle quality.20”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Moore, 2014, Difference in Muscle Quality over the Adult Life Span and Biological Correlates in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Low mitochondrial size correlates with low glucose disposal rate and insulin sensitivity.48,49”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 47
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Irrespective of how sarcopenia is defined, both low muscle mass and poor muscle strength are clearly highly prevalent and important risk factors for disability and potentially mortality in individuals as they age.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] Fielding, 2011, Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia, J Am Med Dir Assoc source
The Epidemiology section (page unavailable) says reduced muscle mass is highly prevalent in older people and increases with age; Muscle Aging describes a substantial age-related decline in strength. Sarcopenia and Disability (page unavailable) links sarcopenia to disability and possible increased mortality, and reports that weakness predicts mortality more strongly than muscle mass. (LLM, conf=0.89)
- Not checked yetcites [13] Visser, 2005, Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This decrease in IGF-1 is associated with decreased muscle size and strength, decreased protein synthesis, and increased cell death,93 which in turn leads to increased visceral fat and decreased lean body mass.94”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [93] Perrini, 2010, The GH/IGF1 axis and signaling pathways in the muscle and bone: mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and osteoporosis, J Endocrinol source
The section “Abnormalities in GH/IGF1 signaling and age-related muscle mass wasting” states that age-associated reductions in GH and IGF1 are associated with decreased muscle size and strength, diminished protein synthesis, and increased cell apoptosis. This supports the clause attached to citation 93. The visceral-fat and lean-body-mass clause is attached to citation 94, so it is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked yetcites [94] Nass, 2002, Impact of the GH-cortisol ratio on the age-dependent changes in body composition, Growth Horm IGF Res source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Glucocorticoids inhibit protein synthesis and stimulate protein degradation in skeletal muscles. IGF-1 is decreased and myostatin is increased.99”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypercortisolism
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [99] Schakman, 2008, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, J Endocrinol source
The Anti-anabolic action and mTOR sections state that glucocorticoids inhibit muscle protein synthesis. The IGF-I section says they reduce muscle IGF-I, while the Myostatin section says they increase myostatin and links glucocorticoids to increased muscle proteolysis. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Development of treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss might improve active life expectancy in older people, and lead to substantial health-care savings and improved quality of life.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The contribution of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, the prevalence of which also increase with ageing, to age-related muscle loss is unclear;”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ageing is accompanied by major changes in body composition that can negatively affect functional status in older adults, including a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength, and quality, accompanied by an increase in fat mass.1,2”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Candow, 2005, Differences in size, strength, and power of upper and lower body muscle groups in young and older men, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Lauretani, 2003, Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia, J Appl Physiol (1985) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lean muscle mass generally contributes up to about 50% of total bodyweight in young adults, but decreases with age to be about 25% of total bodyweight by age 75–80 years.15”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Short, 2004, Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No standardly used definition exists for assessment of sarcopenia, and consensus definitions based on critical analyses of large databases are being developed.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many chronic diseases, in addition to ageing, could also accelerate decrease of muscle mass and strength, and this effect could be a main underlying mechanism by which chronic diseases cause physical disability.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“arguably, definitions of sarcopenia that have been developed cannot necessarily differentiate the effects of ageing on muscle loss independent of other age-associated disease conditions that are prevalent in older individuals.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Notwithstanding uncertainties, it has been estimated that a 10% reduction in age-related muscle loss would result in savings of US$1·1 billion per year in health-care costs in the USA.14”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Janssen, 2004, The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, skeletal muscle ATP production increases in response to exogenous insulin in people without diabetes, but this increment is reduced in individuals with diabetes and is related to impaired insulin response.52”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Stump, 2003, Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production, protein synthesis, and mRNA transcripts, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the causal link from adiposity to intramyocellular lipid deposition is unclear,”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Age-related muscle loss
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength is recorded in individuals with diabetes, is greater with longer diabetes duration or higher HbA1c, and is attenuated by use of insulin sensitisers.36-38”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Park, 2009, Excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Park, 2007, Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the health, aging, and body composition study, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Lee, 2011, Insulin sensitizers may attenuate lean mass loss in older men with diabetes, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that has reduced gene expression in muscles of patients with type 2 diabetes,55 and might have a role in preventing muscle atrophy.53,56”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Patti, 2003, Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
- Not checked yetcites [53] Sandri, 2006, PGC-1alpha protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA source
- Not checked yetcites [56] Lira, 2010, PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance results in decreased stimulation of protein synthesis pathways and increased activation of protein degradation pathways that might ultimately lead to muscle loss in type 2 diabetes (figure 1).”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The global prevalence of diabetes is projected to rise exponentially during the next few decades, with the greatest burden in older individuals (aged >65 years).32,33”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Insulin is a powerful anabolic signal and substantially stimulates muscle protein synthesis in young people but not in older people.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Fujita, 2009, Supraphysiological hyperinsulinaemia is necessary to stimulate skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older adults: evidence of a true age-related insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism, Diabetologia source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Up to 70% of adults with diabetes have difficulty carrying out routine physical tasks, with lower extremity mobility limitations particularly evident, and diabetes is a potent risk factor for most geriatric syndromes.34”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Kalyani, 2010, Association of diabetes, comorbidities, and A1C with functional disability in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2006, Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In insulin resistance, insulin or IGF-1 signalling is suppressed, leading to downregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway and decreased protein synthesis, as well as to forkhead box protein O1 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated forkhead box protein O1 stimulates expression of the E3 enzymes atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger-1 via increased activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Wang, 2006, Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling, Endocrinology source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, loss of height and lean body mass and increasing fat mass that occur with ageing uncouple the relationship of BMI and obesity, and attenuate associations with mortality.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Waters, 2011, Sarcopenia and obesity, Clin Geriatr Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A systematic review noted that individuals treated with GH had a significant decrease in fat mass (−2·08 kg, 95% CI −1·35 to −2·80 kg) and a significant increase in lean body mass (+2·13 kg, 95% CI 1·32 to 2·94 kg).”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] Liu, 2007, Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly, Ann Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, results of studies of body composition have shown that this adaptive mechanism might be impaired in older individuals who are obese. As a result, obese individuals might have relatively low muscle strength in view of their body size and have an increased risk of disability.62”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Alley, 2007, The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004, JAMA source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In men, total testosterone concentrations decrease by 1% per year and bioavailable testosterone by 2% per year from the age of 30 years.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77] Maggio, 2011, Gonadal status and physical performance in older men, Aging Male source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increased adiposity and circulating concentrations of free fatty acids inhibit GH production and decrease plasma concentrations of IGF-1.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [93] Perrini, 2010, The GH/IGF1 axis and signaling pathways in the muscle and bone: mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and osteoporosis, J Endocrinol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate is a precursor to testosterone, with concentrations that also decrease with ageing—in men aged 70–80 years, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations are only about 20% of their peak concentrations at the age of 20 years.78”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78] Labrie, 1997, Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH treatment in adults with hypopituitarism and associated GH deficiency can improve body composition and increase lean body mass.95”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Growth hormone deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [95] Salomon, 1989, The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency, N Engl J Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Baumgartner and colleagues66 showed that both men and women older than 60 years with sarcopenic obesity had a significantly increased risk of having three or more physical disabilities compared with non-obese individuals after adjustment for age, and this association was stronger than with either sarcopenia or obesity alone.66”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [66] Baumgartner, 2000, Body composition in healthy aging, Ann N Y Acad Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After 6 months of treatment, androgen-deprived older men have decreased appendicular skeletal muscle, decreased lean tissue, and increased body fat compared with untreated controls.79”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] Boxer, 2005, The effect of 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy on muscle and fat mass in older men with localized prostate cancer, Aging Male source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sarcopenia and obesity can co-occur, and synergistically are associated with worse functional decline and outcomes than is either condition alone.70”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [70] Stenholm, 2009, The effect of obesity combined with low muscle strength on decline in mobility in older persons: results from the InCHIANTI study, Int J Obes (Lond) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Additionally, testosterone replacement is not without potential risks, including increased respiratory disorders (eg, cough, shortness of breath, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, sleep apnoea) and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (eg, application site reactions, itching, erythema, foot ulcers, and increased hair growth).84”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hypogonadism in men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] Basaria, 2010, Adverse events associated with testosterone administration, N Engl J Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Findings from few studies suggest that obesity alone might contribute more to lower physical function than does sarcopenia alone, but this probably depends on the degree of muscle loss.71”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Bouchard, 2009, Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: data from the Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging (NuAge)-the Quebec longitudinal Study, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Generally, irrespective of definition, the prevalence increased with each decade of age and was lower in non-Hispanic black people than in white people.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [69] Batsis, 2013, Variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults associated with different research definitions: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004, J Am Geriatr Soc source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In healthy young and older individuals, bone and muscle tend to be correlated with bodyweight, probably because gravity and inertial forces during movement stimulate mechano-receptors in both bone and muscle that modulate the production of growth factors.61”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Russo, 2000, True osteoporosis and frailty-related osteopenia: two different clinical entities, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Age-related loss of muscle mass is typically offset by gains in fat mass. As a result, bodyweight in men and women might be quite stable in middle age, or slightly increased even though the relative amount of body fat actually increases in comparison with lean tissue—an important step in the development of sarcopenic obesity.65”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Obesity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Newman, 2005, Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, Am J Clin Nutr source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“With normalisation of thyroid concentrations, muscle mass and strength are re-established, but this can take up to 9 months to occur.98”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hyperthyroidism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Nørrelund, 1999, Muscle mass and function in thyrotoxic patients before and during medical treatment, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Resistance exercise stimulates protein synthesis and results in increased muscle mass and strength.121”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121] Cauza, 2009, Effects of progressive strength training on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients determined by computed tomography, Wien Med Wochenschr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although decreased caloric intake and anorexia associated with cancer might contribute to muscle loss, this is not the only factor; aggressive caloric supplementation alone cannot reverse the skeletal muscle loss.116”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116] Muscaritoli, 2010, Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”, Clin Nutr source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Vitamin D supplementation might also have wide-ranging beneficial effects in reducing falls and improving muscle strength, but evidence is inconclusive; large randomised controlled trials are addressing this hypothesis.102”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Vitamin D deficiency
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Kalyani, 2010, Vitamin D treatment for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Geriatr Soc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Osteoporosis is also associated with the loss of muscle function and mobility limitations, although the direction of this association is unclear.103”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Osteoporosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] Ferrucci, 2013, Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations, Curr Pharm Des
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Several factors are likely to contribute to muscle loss, including the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, reduced protein synthesis in myocytes, physical activity limitations, insulin resistance, and inadequate protein ingestion could occur.106”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [106] de Oliveira Nunes Teixeira, 2013, Muscle wasting in collagen-induced arthritis and disuse atrophy, Exp Biol Med (Maywood) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patients with HIV have lower muscle strength than do healthy individuals; however, resistance exercise can safely increase the strength of older patients with HIV to equal that of counterparts.119”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [119] Souza, 2011, Effect of progressive resistance exercise on strength evolution of elderly patients living with HIV compared to healthy controls, Clinics (Sao Paulo) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Tumour-induced inflammation can lead to increased production of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interferon gamma, and other cytokines, which results in increased protein catabolism, decreased protein anabolism, insulin resistance, and lipolysis.115”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [115] Dodson, 2011, Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: clinical implications, diagnosis, and emerging treatment strategies, Annu Rev Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroid treatment that has been used to treat muscle loss in diseases such as HIV, and also in patients with other catabolic disorders such as neuromuscular diseases, or in individuals who have had severe trauma, burn injury, or infections, with notable improvements in muscle function and faster recovery.120”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [120] Porro, 2012, Five-year outcomes after oxandrolone administration in severely burned children: a randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy, J Am Coll Surg source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Resistance exercise is effective and safe to prevent muscle loss even in old (mean age 87 years) and frail individuals, potentially by also decreasing skeletal muscle apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function.123”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [123] Fiatarone, 1994, Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people, N Engl J Med source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Muscle loss might also occur in other disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral arterial disease, COPD, congestive heart failure, advanced kidney disease, cirrhosis, cancer, and HIV, which we describe briefly here;”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Muscle loss in other disease states
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The increase in muscle strength occurs almost immediately, after a few days of exercise, and much before a noticeable increase in muscle mass, suggesting that the primary effect of exercise might not be on hypertrophy but rather on muscle quality.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121] Cauza, 2009, Effects of progressive strength training on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients determined by computed tomography, Wien Med Wochenschr source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Muscle mass can be reduced by up to 20% and muscle strength by 40% in patients with severe thyrotoxicosis.”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Muscle loss in endocrine diseases > Hyperthyroidism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Nørrelund, 1999, Muscle mass and function in thyrotoxic patients before and during medical treatment, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contrary to the clear beneficial effects of exercise on muscle health”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“findings from several studies have shown the benefits of exercise (aerobic and resistance) for improvement of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.130”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [130] Boulé, 2001, Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials, JAMA source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In parallel, increased contractile activity promotes oxidative fibre type transformation, PGC-1α expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle protein synthesis, and could lead to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.56”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Exercise
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] Lira, 2010, PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moderate weight loss of about 5% in older women was found to improve insulin resistance, fat distribution, and muscle lipid infiltration, and preserve thigh muscle mass, with only a slight decrease in appendicular lean mass.136”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [136] Mazzali, 2006, Interrelations between fat distribution, muscle lipid content, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance: effect of moderate weight loss in older women, Am J Clin Nutr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In preliminary studies of older men and women with sarcopenia, oral supplementation with 16 g per day of essential aminoacids was associated with increased lean mass at 6 months and a further increase at 18 months, along with improved insulin sensitivity.135”
§ Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases > Treatments for age-related and disease-related muscle loss > Diet
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [135] Solerte, 2008, Nutritional supplements with oral amino acid mixtures increases whole-body lean mass and insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia, Am J Cardiol source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Hence, impaired insulin signaling is commonly observed in sarcopenic obesity [10,11].”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Skeletal muscle is the largest insulin-sensitive tissue and has the largest requirement for postprandial glucose through insulin dependent mechanism.”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Hypogonadal status also contributes to sarcopenic obesity by increasing levels of TNF-α and IL-6, which leads to central obesity [11,47].”
From Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the prevalence of sarcopenia is 2–3 times higher than in non-diabetic peers.1”
From Semaglutide Therapy and Accelerated Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Month Retrospective Cohort Study (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J.-P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., et al. (2010) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034 · Cited by 11,601
Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030
Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007 · Cited by 7,216
Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., Garry, P. J., & Lindeman, R. D. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520 · Cited by 4,004
Fielding, R. A., Vellas, B., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Morley, J. E., Newman, A. B., Abellan van Kan, G., Andrieu, S., Bauer, J., Breuille, D., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003 · Cited by 3,256
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., & Ross, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x · Cited by 3,139
Goodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083
Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people
Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857
Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance
Rosenberg, I. H. (1997) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/127.5.990s · Cited by 2,399
Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Human Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes
Kelley, D. E., He, J., Menshikova, E. V., & Ritov, V. B. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2944 · Cited by 2,321
Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment
Conboy, I. M., Conboy, M. J., Wagers, A. J., Girma, E. R., Weissman, I. L., & Rando, T. A. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03260 · Cited by 2,287
Patti, M. E., Butte, A. J., Crunkhorn, S., Cusi, K., Berria, R., Kashyap, S., Miyazaki, Y., Kohane, I., Costello, M., Saccone, R., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1032913100 · Cited by 1,952
Lauretani, F., Russo, C. R., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Cavazzini, C., Di Iorio, A., Corsi, A. M., Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003 · Cited by 1,946
Self-citationBoulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1218 · Cited by 1,889
Muscaritoli, M., Anker, S. D., Argilés, J., Aversa, Z., Bauer, J. M., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosaeus, I., Cederholm, T., Costelli, P., et al. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.004 · Cited by 1,732
The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men
Bhasin, S., Storer, T. W., Berman, N., Callegari, C., Clevenger, B., Phillips, J., Bunnell, T. J., Tricker, R., Shirazi, A., & Casaburi, R. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199607043350101 · Cited by 1,659
The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States
Janssen, I., Shepard, D. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Roubenoff, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x · Cited by 1,546
Adverse Events Associated with Testosterone Administration
Basaria, S., Coviello, A. D., Travison, T. G., Storer, T. W., Farwell, W. R., Jette, A. M., Eder, R., Tennstedt, S., Ulloor, J., Zhang, A., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1000485 · Cited by 1,494
Visser, M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Nevitt, M., Rubin, S. M., Simonsick, E. M., Harris, T. B., & Study, F. T. H. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.3.324 · Cited by 1,403
Salomon, F., Cuneo, R. C., Hesp, R., & Sönksen, P. H. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198912283212605 · Cited by 1,326
Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11 · Cited by 1,308
Anderson, E. J., Lustig, M. E., Boyle, K. E., Woodlief, T. L., Kane, D. A., Lin, C.-T., Price, J. W., Kang, L., Rabinovitch, P. S., Szeto, H. H., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci37048 · Cited by 1,253
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in normal and disease states
Lecker, S. H., Goldberg, A. L., & Mitch, W. E. (2006) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006010083 · Cited by 1,234
Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women's health and aging studies
Bandeen-Roche, K., Xue, Q.-L., Ferrucci, L., Walston, J., Guralnik, J. M., Chaves, P., Zeger, S. L., & Fried, L. P. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.3.262 · Cited by 1,215
Self-citationFull accounting of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the U.S. population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006
Cowie, C. C., Rust, K. F., Ford, E. S., Eberhardt, M. S., Byrd-Holt, D. D., Li, C., Williams, D. E., Gregg, E. W., Bainbridge, K. E., Saydah, S. H., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1296 · Cited by 1,154
Fried, L. P. (2001) · Journals of Gerontology Series A-biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · Cited by 1,103
Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence
Tchkonia, T., Morbeck, D. E., Von Zglinicki, T., Van Deursen, J., Lustgarten, J., Scrable, H., Khosla, S., Jensen, M. D., & Kirkland, J. L. (2010) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00608.x · Cited by 1,094
Body Composition in Healthy Aging
BAUMGARTNER, R. N. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x · Cited by 1,078
Drozdzowska, B., Pluskiewicz, W., Halaba, Z. P., Misiołek, H., & Beck, B. R. (2005) · Cited by 984
Sarcopenia: alternative definitions and associations with lower extremity function
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E., Goodpaster, B., Nevitt, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Rubin, S. M., Harris, T. B., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x · Cited by 981
Sandri, M., Lin, J., Handschin, C., Yang, W., Arany, Z. P., Lecker, S. H., Goldberg, A. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607795103 · Cited by 974
Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Elderly
Baumgartner, R. N., Wayne, S. J., Waters, D. L., Janssen, I., Gallagher, D., & Morley, J. E. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.250 · Cited by 937
An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact
von Haehling, S., Morley, J. E., & Anker, S. D. (2010) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-010-0014-2 · Cited by 888
Clark, B. C., & Manini, T. M. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.8.829 · Cited by 876
Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia
Paddon-Jones, D., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32831cef8b · Cited by 823
Excessive Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Park, S. W., Goodpaster, B. H., Lee, J. S., Kuller, L. H., Boudreau, R., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S., Tylavsky, F. A., Nevitt, M., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0264 · Cited by 778
Accelerated Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Park, S. W., Goodpaster, B. H., Strotmeyer, E. S., Kuller, L. H., Broudeau, R., Kammerer, C., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Schwartz, A. V., Tylavsky, F. A., et al. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2537 · Cited by 766
Physiological changes in ageing muscles
Campbell, M. J., McComas, A. J., & Petito, F. (1973) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.36.2.174 · Cited by 738
Labrie, F., Bélanger, A., Cusan, L., Gomez, J.-L., & Candas, B. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4160 · Cited by 713
The diseasome of physical inactivity – and the role of myokines in muscle–fat cross talk
Pedersen, B. K. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.179515 · Cited by 631
Sparks, L. M., Xie, H., Koza, R. A., Mynatt, R., Hulver, M. W., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1926 · Cited by 629
Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials
Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Buford, T. W., Lorenzi, M., Behnke, B. J., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024 · Cited by 627
Sacheck, J. M., Ohtsuka, A., McLary, S. C., & Goldberg, A. L. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2004 · Cited by 606
Wang, X., Hu, Z., Hu, J., Du, J., & Mitch, W. E. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0251 · Cited by 600
Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes
Mogensen, M., Sahlin, K., Fernström, M., Glintborg, D., Vind, B. F., Beck-Nielsen, H., & Højlund, K. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0981 · Cited by 573
Tipton, K. D., Rasmussen, B. B., Miller, S. L., Wolf, S. E., Owens-Stovall, S. K., Petrini, B. E., & Wolfe, R. R. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e197 · Cited by 526
Thomas, D. R. (2007) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2007.03.008 · Cited by 521
Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy
Schakman, O., Gilson, H., & Thissen, J. P. (2008) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-07-0606 · Cited by 521
Pfeifer, M., Begerow, B., & Minne, H. W. (2002) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980200012 · Cited by 521
Patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle
Boushel, R., Gnaiger, E., Schjerling, P., Skovbro, M., Kraunsøe, R., & Dela, F. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0594-3 · Cited by 519
Emmelot-Vonk, M. H., Verhaar, H. J. J., Nakhai Pour, H. R., Aleman, A., Lock, T. M. T. W., Bosch, J. L. H. R., Grobbee, D. E., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2007.51 · Cited by 518
Kosek, D. J., Kim, J.-S., Petrella, J. K., Cross, J. M., & Bamman, M. M. (2006) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005 · Cited by 503
Lund, S., Holman, G. D., Schmitz, O., & Pedersen, O. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5817 · Cited by 492
Stump, C. S., Short, K. R., Bigelow, M. L., Schimke, J. M., & Nair, K. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1332551100 · Cited by 477
Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism
Short, K. R., Vittone, J. L., Bigelow, M. L., Proctor, D. N., & Nair, K. S. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2003 · Cited by 470
Newman, A. B., Lee, J. S., Visser, M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Nevitt, M., & Harris, T. B. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.4.872 · Cited by 445
Davison, K. K., Ford, E. S., Cogswell, M. E., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50508.x · Cited by 435
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness
Ryall, J. G., Schertzer, J. D., & Lynch, G. S. (2008) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-008-9131-0 · Cited by 423
The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004
Alley, D. E., & Chang, V. W. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.17.2020 · Cited by 414
PGC-1α regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity
Lira, V. A., Benton, C. R., Yan, Z., & Bonen, A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00755.2009 · Cited by 412
Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly
Janssen, I., & Mark, A. E. (2006) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00248.x · Cited by 388
Verdijk, L. B., Gleeson, B. G., Jonkers, R. A. M., Meijer, K., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., Dendale, P., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gln050 · Cited by 372
Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly
Liu, H., Bravata, D. M., Olkin, I., Nayak, S., Roberts, B., Garber, A. M., & Hoffman, A. R. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00005 · Cited by 370
Larsson, L., Li, X., & Frontera, W. R. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.2.c638 · Cited by 367
International working group on Sarcopenia
Chumlea, W. M. C., Cesari, M., Evans, W. J., Ferrucci, L., Fielding, R. A., Pahor, M., Studenski, S. A., & Vellas, B. J. (2011) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0092-7 · Cited by 338
Self-citationAssociation of Diabetes, Comorbidities, and A1C With Functional Disability in Older Adults
Kalyani, R. R., Saudek, C. D., Brancati, F. L., & Selvin, E. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1597 · Cited by 336
Self-citationBatsis, J. A., Barre, L. K., Mackenzie, T. A., Pratt, S. I., Lopez‐Jimenez, F., & Bartels, S. J. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12260 · Cited by 330
Dodson, S., Baracos, V. E., Jatoi, A., Evans, W. J., Cella, D., Dalton, J. T., & Steiner, M. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061509-131248 · Cited by 319
Perrini, S., Laviola, L., Carreira, M. C., Cignarelli, A., Natalicchio, A., & Giorgino, F. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-09-0431 · Cited by 317
The endocrine system and ageing
Chahal, H., & Drake, W. (2007) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2110 · Cited by 316
Bouchard, D. R., Dionne, I. J., & Brochu, M. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.109 · Cited by 314
Volpato, S., Bianchi, L., Cherubini, A., Landi, F., Maggio, M. G., Savino, E., Bandinelli, S., Ceda, G. P., Guralnik, J. M., Zuliani, G., et al. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt149 · Cited by 307
Self-citationSchrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., Kooi, M. E., Hesselink, M. K. C., Jeneson, J. A. L., Backes, W. H., van Echteld, C. J. A., van Engelshoven, J. M. A., Mensink, M., & Schrauwen, P. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0475-1 · Cited by 304
Effect of weight loss and exercise on frailty in obese older adults
Villareal, D. T., Banks, M., Sinacore, D. R., Siener, C., & Klein, S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.8.860 · Cited by 302
Davidson, L. E., Hudson, R., Kilpatrick, K., Kuk, J. L., McMillan, K., Janiszewski, P. M., Lee, S., Lam, M., & Ross, R. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.558 · Cited by 297
Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Judge, A. R., Marzetti, E., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Pahor, M., & Manini, T. M. (2010) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.04.004 · Cited by 295
Role of muscle mass and muscle quality in the association between diabetes and gait speed
Volpato, S., Bianchi, L., Lauretani, F., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., Zuliani, G., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-2202 · Cited by 294
Self-citationCandow, D. G., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.2.148 · Cited by 272
The Effect of Aging on Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial and Intramyocellular Lipid Ultrastructure
Crane, J. D., Devries, M. C., Safdar, A., Hamadeh, M. J., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp179 · Cited by 262
Day, K., Shefer, G., Shearer, A., & Yablonka-Reuveni, Z. (2010) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.006 · Cited by 254
Stenholm, S., Alley, D., Bandinelli, S., Griswold, M. E., Koskinen, S., Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.62 · Cited by 248
Self-citationVitamin D treatment for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
Kalyani, R. R., Stein, B., Valiyil, R., Manno, R., Maynard, J. W., & Crews, D. C. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02949.x · Cited by 241
Self-citationGrinspoon, S. K., Corcoran, C. P., Lee, K., Burrows, B. A., Hubbard, J. L., Katznelson, L. J., Walsh, M. J., Guccione, A. A., Cannan, J., Heller, H. M., et al. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.11.8923860 · Cited by 241
Wycherley, T. P., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Cleanthous, X., Keogh, J. B., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1974 · Cited by 240
Aging does not impair the anabolic response to a protein-rich meal
Symons, T. B., Schutzler, S. E., Cocke, T. L., Chinkes, D. L., Wolfe, R. R., & Paddon-Jones, D. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.2.451 · Cited by 240
Solerte, S. B., Gazzaruso, C., Bonacasa, R., Rondanelli, M., Zamboni, M., Basso, C., Locatelli, E., Schifino, N., Giustina, A., & Fioravanti, M. (2008) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.004 · Cited by 235
Larsson, L. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 231
Housel, E. L. (1949) · PubMed · Cited by 212
Stene, G. B., Helbostad, J. L., Balstad, T. R., Riphagen, I. I., Kaasa, S., & Oldervoll, L. M. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.001 · Cited by 210
Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Gupta, A., & Gupta, Y. (2013) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.117215 · Cited by 202
Kadi, F. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.118 · Cited by 200
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Function
Phielix, E., & Mensink, M. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.020 · Cited by 198
Intermuscular adipose tissue is muscle specific and associated with poor functional performance
Tuttle, L. J., Sinacore, D. R., & Mueller, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2012/172957 · Cited by 193
Sarcopenic obesity and endocrinal adaptation with age
Sakuma, K., & Yamaguchi, A. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/204164 · Cited by 189
Waters, D. L., & Baumgartner, R. N. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.007 · Cited by 185
Kryger, A. I., & Andersen, J. L. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00575.x · Cited by 175
Sarcopenic obesity in aging population: current status and future directions for research
Kohara, K. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-9992-0 · Cited by 171
Insulin sensitizers may attenuate lean mass loss in older men with diabetes
Lee, C. G., Boyko, E. J., Barrett-Connor, E., Miljkovic, I., Hoffman, A. R., Everson-Rose, S. A., Lewis, C. E., Cawthon, P. M., Strotmeyer, E. S., Orwoll, E. S., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1032 · Cited by 168
Hikida, R. S., Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Walsh, S., Kaiser, E., Shell, S., & Hervey, S. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.7.b347 · Cited by 167
Fujita, S., Glynn, E. L., Timmerman, K. L., Rasmussen, B. B., & Volpi, E. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1430-8 · Cited by 164
Giannoulis, M. G., Sonksen, P. H., Umpleby, M., Breen, L., Pentecost, C., Whyte, M., McMillan, C. V., Bradley, C., & Martin, F. C. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0957 · Cited by 164
Rolland, Y., van Kan, G. A., Guyonnet, S., & Vellas, B. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328340c2c2 · Cited by 161
Travison, T. G., Basaria, S., Storer, T. W., Jette, A. M., Miciek, R., Farwell, W. R., Choong, K., Lakshman, K., Mazer, N. A., Coviello, A. D., et al. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr100 · Cited by 160
Hyperglycemia and incidence of frailty and lower extremity mobility limitations in older women
Kalyani, R. R., Tian, J., Xue, Q., Walston, J., Cappola, A. R., Fried, L. P., Brancati, F. L., & Blaum, C. S. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04099.x · Cited by 157
Self-citationKrasnoff, J. B., Basaria, S., Pencina, M. J., Jasuja, G. K., Vasan, R. S., Ulloor, J., Zhang, A., Coviello, A., Kelly-Hayes, M., D'Agostino, R. B., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2680 · Cited by 152
Kalyani, R. R., Tra, Y., Yeh, H., Egan, J. M., Ferrucci, L., & Brancati, F. L. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12204 · Cited by 147
Self-citationMoore, A. Z., Caturegli, G., Metter, E. J., Makrogiannis, S., Resnick, S. M., Harris, T. B., & Ferrucci, L. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12653 · Cited by 144
Self-citationBarzilay, J. I., Cotsonis, G. A., Walston, J., Schwartz, A. V., Satterfield, S., Miljkovic, I., Harris, T. B., & Study, F. T. H. A. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1781 · Cited by 144
Porro, L. J., Herndon, D. N., Rodriguez, N. A., Jennings, K., Klein, G. L., Mlcak, R. P., Meyer, W. J., Lee, J. O., Suman, O. E., & Finnerty, C. C. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.038 · Cited by 143
Interaction Between Bone and Muscle in Older Persons with Mobility Limitations
Ferrucci, L., Baroni, M., Ranchelli, A., Lauretani, F., Maggio, M. G., Mecocci, P., & Ruggiero, C. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113196660690 · Cited by 136
Self-citationExercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with cirrhosis
Jones, J. C., Coombes, J. S., & Macdonald, G. A. (2012) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.22472 · Cited by 133
Mazzali, G., Di Francesco, V., Zoico, E., Fantin, F., Zamboni, G., Benati, C., Bambara, V., Negri, M., Bosello, O., & Zamboni, M. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.5.1193 · Cited by 120
Mcdermott, M. M., Guralnik, J. M., Albay, M., Bandinelli, S., Miniati, B., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52113.x · Cited by 119
Self-citationImproved insulin sensitivity after exercise: focus on insulin signaling
Frøsig, C., & Richter, E. A. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.383 · Cited by 116
Pulse wave velocity is associated with muscle mass decline: Health ABC study
study, F. T. H. A., Abbatecola, A. M., Chiodini, P., Gallo, C., Lakatta, E., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Tylavsky, F. A., Goodpaster, B., de Rekeneire, N., Schwartz, A. V., et al. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9238-0 · Cited by 114
Morphological and functional charactereistic of the aging skeletal muscle in man
Laesson, L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 112
Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics
Marsh, A. P., Lovato, L., Glynn, N. W., Kennedy, K., Castro, C. M., Domanchuk, K. J., McDavitt, E. C., Rodate, R., Marsiske, M., McGloin, J. M., et al. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt064 · Cited by 104
Autophagic pathways and metabolic stress
Kaushik, S., Singh, R., & Cuervo, A. M. (2010) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01263.x · Cited by 95
Protein metabolism in liver cirrhosis: from albumin to muscle myofibrils
Tessari, P. (2003) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200301000-00012 · Cited by 93
Abnormal protein turnover and anabolic resistance to exercise in sarcopenic obesity
Nilsson, M. I., Dobson, J. P., Greene, N. P., Wiggs, M. P., Shimkus, K. L., Wudeck, E. V., Davis, A. R., Laureano, M. L., & Fluckey, J. D. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-224006 · Cited by 87
Sarcopenic obesity: satellite cells in the aging muscle
Thornell, L.-E. (2011) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3283412260 · Cited by 86
Boxer, R. S., Kenny, A. M., Dowsett, R., & Taxel, P. (2005) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685530500361226 · Cited by 81
Effects of testosterone on body composition of the aging male
Mudali, S. (2004) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.01.004 · Cited by 77
Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons: does inflammation matter?
Bartali, B., Frongillo, E. A., Stipanuk, M. H., Bandinelli, S., Salvini, S., Palli, D., Morais, J. A., Volpato, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03833.x · Cited by 76
Self-citationDifferential features of muscle fiber atrophy in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Terracciano, C., Celi, M., Lecce, D., Baldi, J., Rastelli, E., Lena, E., Massa, R., & Tarantino, U. (2013) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-012-1990-1 · Cited by 75
Kuo, C.-K., Lin, L., Yu, Y., Wu, K.-H., & Kuo, H. (2009) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-49 · Cited by 74
Riis, A. L. D., Jørgensen, J. O. L., Gjedde, S., Nørrelund, H., Jurik, A. G., Nair, K. S., Ivarsen, P., Weeke, J., & Møller, N. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00253.2004 · Cited by 71
Sarcopenic Obesity: Strategies for Management
Benton, M. J., Whyte, M. D., & Dyal, B. W. (2011) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000408184.21770.98 · Cited by 71
Taskapan, H., Baysal, O., Karahan, D., Durmus, B., Altay, Z., & Ulutas, O. (2011) · Clinical Nephrology · doi:10.5414/cn107160 · Cited by 64
Morphological and functional characteristics of the ageing skeletal muscle in man
Larsson, L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 60
Muscle mass and function in thyrotoxic patients before and during medical treatment
Nørrelund, H., Hove, K. Y., Brems‐Dalgaard, E., Jurik, A. G., Nielsen, L. P., Nielsen, S., Nielsen, S., Jørgensen, J. O. L., Weeke, J., & Møller, N. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00861.x · Cited by 58
Impact of the GH-cortisol ratio on the age-dependent changes in body composition
Nass, R., & Thorner, M. O. (2002) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/s1096-6374(02)00022-9 · Cited by 58
Bondanelli, M., Ambrosio, M. R., Margutti, A., Franceschetti, P., Zatelli, M. C., & degli Uberti, E. C. (2003) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000071310 · Cited by 58
de Souza, P. M. L., Jacob-Filho, W., Santarém, J. M., Zomignan, A. A., & Burattini, M. N. (2011) · Clinics · doi:10.1590/s1807-59322011000200014 · Cited by 55
Individualizing recommendations for weight management in the elderly
Chau, D., Cho, L. M., Jani, P., & St. Jeor, S. T. (2008) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3282f31744 · Cited by 52
Human muscle fiber fine structure: Morphometric data on controls
JERUSALEM, F., ENGEL, A. G., & PETERSON, H. A. (1975) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.25.2.127 · Cited by 52
Muscle wasting in collagen-induced arthritis and disuse atrophy
de Oliveira Nunes Teixeira, V., Filippin, L. I., Viacava, P. R., de Oliveira, P. G., & Xavier, R. M. (2013) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370213505961 · Cited by 40
Gonadal status and physical performance in older men
Maggio, M., Ceda, G. P., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Metter, E. J., Guralnik, J. M., Basaria, S., Cattabiani, C., Luci, M., Dall'Aglio, E., et al. (2011) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2010.518179 · Cited by 38
Self-citationSchroeder, E. T., He, J., Yarasheski, K. E., Binder, E. F., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., Bhasin, S., Dieli-Conwright, C. M., Kawakubo, M., Roubenoff, R., Azen, S. P., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2077-y · Cited by 37
Cauza, E., Strehblow, C., Metz-Schimmerl, S., Strasser, B., Hanusch-Enserer, U., Kostner, K., Dunstan, D., Fasching, P., & Haber, P. (2009) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s10354-009-0641-4 · Cited by 36
Assessment of intramuscular triglycerides: contribution to metabolic abnormalities
Dubé, J., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2006) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000241664.38385.12 · Cited by 31
Comparison of skeletal muscle strength between cardiac patients and age-matched healthy controls
Baum, K., Hildebrandt, U., Edel, K., Bertram, R., Hahmann, H., Bremer, F. J., Böhmen, S., Kammerlander, C., Serafin, M., Rüther, T., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.6.184 · Cited by 26
Obesity in the elderly: Should we be using new diagnostic criteria?
Ritz, P. (2009) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0052-7 · Cited by 23
True osteoporosis and frailty-related osteopenia: two different clinical entities
Russo, C. R., Ricca, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03895.x · Cited by 21
Self-citationThe endocrine system and sarcopenia: potential therapeutic benefits
L. McIntire, K., & R. Hoffman, A. (2011) · Current Aging Sciencee · doi:10.2174/1874609811104030298 · Cited by 11
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management
Beaudart, C., McCloskey, E. V., Bruyère, O., Cesari, M., Rolland, Y., Rizzoli, R., de Carvalho, I. A., Thiyagarajan, J. A., Bautmans, I., Bertiére, M.-C., et al. (2016) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0349-4 · Cited by 893
“better diabetic control, reduction of inflammatory status, or weight loss in obesity due to an energy-restricted diet) on the accompanying sarcopenia is unclear [76].”
BackgroundPhysical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty
Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513 · Cited by 771
Bauer, J. M., Verlaan, S., Bautmans, I., Brandt, K., Donini, L. M., Maggio, M., McMurdo, M. E. T., Mets, T., Seal, C., Wijers, S. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021 · Cited by 670
The changing face of diabetes complications
Gregg, E. W., Sattar, N. A., & Ali, M. K. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30010-9 · Cited by 659
Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations
Papadopoulou, S. Κ. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051293 · Cited by 672
Metadata
- Authors
- Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., & Ferrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 819-829
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4156923
- OpenAlex
- W2139789661
- Semantic Scholar
- 3c56fce30ecb0e77c93458bf0fbc85a0747736ea
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15
- FWCI
- 6.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK093583, T32-DK062707)
- Johns Hopkins Older Americans Independence Center (P30-AG021334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle mass loss, muscle strength, aging, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic disease, physical disability, functional decline, sarcopenia treatment, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Male, Obesity, Diabetes Complications, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-05, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-05 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
