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Intranasal insulin delivery and therapy1Abbreviations: α-CD, α-cyclodextrin; β-CD, β-cyclodextrin; γ-CD, γ-cyclodextrin; AUC, area under the plasma/serum concentration versus time curve; Cmax, maximum or peak plasma/serum concentration; Cmin, minimum plasma/serum concentration; DDPC, didecanoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine; DM-β-CD, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HLB, hydrophile–lipophile balance; hGH, human growth hormone; HP-β-CD, hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin; HPC, hydroxypropylcellulose; HSA, human serum albumin; Hyaff 11, hyaluronic acid ester; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Ig, immunoglobulin; Laureth-9, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol; MCC, microcrystalline cellulose; MTR, mucociliary transport rate; NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; PC, phosphatidylcholine; RAMEB, randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin; SDC, sodium deoxycholate; SGC, sodium glycocholate; STDHF, sodium taurodihydrofusidate; 99mTc, 99mtechnetium; TER, transepithelial resistance.1

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