Comparative metagenomics revealed commonly enriched gene sets in human gut microbiomes
Open accessAbstract
Numerous microbes inhabit the human intestine, many of which are uncharacterized or uncultivable. They form a complex microbial community that deeply affects human physiology. To identify the genomic features common to all human gut microbiomes as well as those variable among them, we performed a large-scale comparative metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from 13 healthy individuals of various ages, including unweaned infants. We found that, while the gut microbiota from unweaned infants were simple and showed a high inter-individual variation in taxonomic and gene composition, those from adults and weaned children were more complex but showed a high functional uniformity regardless of age or sex. In searching for the genes over-represented in gut microbiomes, we identified 237 gene families commonly enriched in adult-type and 136 families in infant-type microbiomes, with a small overlap. An analysis of their predicted functions revealed various strategies employed by each type of microbiota to adapt to its intestinal environment, suggesting that these gene sets encode the core functions of adult and infant-type gut microbiota. By analysing the orphan genes, 647 new gene families were identified to be exclusively present in human intestinal microbiomes. In addition, we discovered a conjugative transposon family explosively amplified in human gut microbiomes, which strongly suggests that the intestine is a 'hot spot' for horizontal gene transfer between microbes.
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The representation of biochemical pathways in the collective genome of the gut microbiome is remarkably similar between healthy individuals, whereas species composition varies significantly.
“Consistent with this model of microbial selection based on biochemical capacity, the representation of biochemical pathways in the collective genome of the gut microbiome is remarkably similar between healthy individuals, whereas the composition of the microbiome on a species level varies significantly.”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Kurokawa et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Kurokawa, K., Itoh, T., Kuwahara, T., Oshima, K., Toh, H., Toyoda, A., Takami, H., Morita, H., Sharma, V. K., Srivastava, T. P., Taylor, T. D., Noguchi, H., Mori, H., Ogura, Y., Ehrlich, D. S., Itoh, K., Takagi, T., Sakaki, Y., Hayashi, T., & Hattori, M.
- Affiliations
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (JP)
- Mitsubishi Research Institute (Japan) (JP)
- Tokushima University (JP)
- Kitasato University (JP)
- RIKEN (JP)
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JP)
- Azabu University (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- University of Miyazaki (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hayashi, Tetsuya
- Hattori, Masahira
- ORCID
- Venue
- DNA Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 169-181
- ISSN
- 1340-2838 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-1663
- PMC
- PMC2533590
- OpenAlex
- W2127415562
- Cited by
- 869
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 90 · 2012: 88
- FWCI
- 22.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- DNA Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- human gut microbiome, comparative metagenomics, gene enrichment, infant gut microbiota, interindividual variability, orphan genes, novel gene families, conjugative transposons, horizontal gene transfer, age-related microbial changes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Infant, Intestines, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Cluster Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genomics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome
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