The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE: A SOCIAL EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE.
Abstract
Employees develop exchange relationships both with organizations and immediate superiors, as evidenced by research on perceived organizational support (POS) and leader-member exchange (LMX), respectively. Despite conceptual similarities between these two constructs, theoretical development and research has proceeded independently. In an attempt to integrate these literatures, we developed and tested a model of the antecedents and consequences of POS and LMX, based on social exchange theory. Results indicated that POS and LMX have unique antecedents and are differentially related to outcome variables, providing support for the importance of both types of exchanges.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement
Gouldner, A. W. (1960) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092623 · Cited by 12,001
Perceived organizational support.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 · Cited by 10,023 · cited 2×
“Liking was measured using three items from Wayne and Ferris (1990): "I think this employee would make a good friend," "I get along well with this employee," and "I like this employee very much.”
BackgroundMethodBurt, R. S. (1992) · doi:10.4159/9780674029095 · Cited by 9,093
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
Rousseau, D. M. (1990) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030110506 · Cited by 1,811
Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information
Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1983) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(83)90156-3 · Cited by 1,309
Wayne, S. J., & Ferris, G. R. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.487 · Cited by 860
Self-citationMacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90037-t · Cited by 807
Cited by
Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206305279602 · Cited by 10,068
Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698 · Cited by 7,592
Signaling Theory: A Review and Assessment
Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310388419 · Cited by 6,735
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920630002600307 · Cited by 5,897
Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure†
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206307308913 · Cited by 3,471
Reciprocation of perceived organizational support.
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42 · Cited by 3,106
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909 · Cited by 2,606
Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.20004 · Cited by 2,565
PREDICTORS OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE CAREER SUCCESS: A META‐ANALYSIS
NG, T. W. H., EBY, L. T., SORENSEN, K. L., & FELDMAN, D. C. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x · Cited by 2,412
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013079 · Cited by 2,356
Perceived organizational support: a meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206315575554 · Cited by 2,354
Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is the Door Really Open?
Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.26279183 · Cited by 2,250
Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Holcombe Ehrhart, K., & Singh, G. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310385943 · Cited by 2,135
Self-citationServant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006 · Cited by 2,058
Self-citationJanssen, O., & Van Yperen, N. W. (2004) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/20159587 · Cited by 1,623
Dulebohn, J. H., Bommer, W. H., Liden, R. C., Brouer, R. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2012) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206311415280 · Cited by 1,625
Self-citationMitchell, M. S., & Ambrose, M. L. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1159 · Cited by 1,514
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002 · Cited by 1,269
Leader-member exchange and citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis
Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.269 · Cited by 1,210
Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices
Cabrera, E. F., & Cabrera, A. (2005) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190500083020 · Cited by 1,170
Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.689 · Cited by 1,096
Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment
Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007) · Business Ethics: A European Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00466.x · Cited by 848
Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12100 · Cited by 809
Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., & Soane, E. C. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.679950 · Cited by 770
Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002 · Cited by 712
Self-citationNishii, L. H., & Mayer, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017190 · Cited by 689
Ng, T. W. H., & Sorensen, K. L. (2008) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601107313307 · Cited by 676
Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.
Hoch, J. E., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030264 · Cited by 657
Creating value for employees: investment in employee development
Lee, C. H., & Bruvold, N. T. (2003) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/0958519032000106173 · Cited by 632
Liden, R. C., Erdogan, B., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.409 · Cited by 595
Self-citationSturman, M. C. (2003) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/s0149-2063_03_00028-x · Cited by 578
Two Routes to Influence: Integrating Leader-Member Exchange and Social Network Perspectives
Sparrowe, R. T., & Liden, R. C. (2005) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.50.4.505 · Cited by 544
Self-citationLeadership and levels of analysis: A state-of-the-science review
Yammarino, F. J., Dionne, S. D., Uk Chun, J., & Dansereau, F. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.09.002 · Cited by 501
Leader–member exchange (LMX) and culture: A meta-analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries
Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., & Shore, L. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029978 · Cited by 477
Self-citationLeadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research
Lord, R. G., Day, D. V., Zaccaro, S. J., Avolio, B. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000089 · Cited by 461
LMX differentiation: A multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes
Henderson, D. J., Liden, R. C., Glibkowski, B. C., & Chaudhry, A. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.04.003 · Cited by 428
Self-citationRelationships at Work: Toward a Multidimensional Conceptualization of Dyadic Work Relationships
Ferris, G. R., Liden, R. C., Munyon, T. P., Summers, J. K., Basik, K. J., & Buckley, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206309344741 · Cited by 411
Self-citationOrganizational stressors and police performance
Shane, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.05.008 · Cited by 389
Hollensbe, E., Wookey, C., Hickey, L., George, G., & Nichols, C. V. (2014) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.4005 · Cited by 355
Multidimensionafity of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scale Development
Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639802400105 · Cited by 323
Self-citationGajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., & Delaney‐Klinger, K. (2015) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12082 · Cited by 310
Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., Griffith, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (2017) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.001 · Cited by 302
Gillet, N., Gagné, M., Sauvagère, S., & Fouquereau, E. (2013) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2012.665228 · Cited by 295
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Kraimer, M. L., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2003) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.208 · Cited by 284
Self-citationMoloney, W., Boxall, P., Parsons, M., & Cheung, G. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13497 · Cited by 273
Long work hours: a social identity perspective on meta‐analysis data
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.536 · Cited by 264
Leader–member social exchange (LMSX): Development and validation of a scale
Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F., & Walker, H. J. (2007) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.443 · Cited by 254
Scale indicators of social exchange relationships: A comparison of relative content validity.
Colquitt, J. A., Baer, M. D., Long, D. M., & Halvorsen-Ganepola, M. D. K. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036374 · Cited by 238
Accommodating Employees With and Without Disabilities
Schur, L., Nishii, L., Adya, M., Kruse, D., Bruyère, S. M., & Blanck, P. (2014) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21607 · Cited by 229
Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2017) · South Asian Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.1108/sajbs-04-2016-0036 · Cited by 230
Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., Rahimi, R., & Vedanthachari, L. N. (2017) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-08-2016-0420 · Cited by 228
Vigoda-Gadot, E., & Beeri, I. (2012) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mur036 · Cited by 224
Better together? Examining profiles of employee recovery experiences
Bennett, A. A., Gabriel, A. S., Calderwood, C., Dahling, J. J., & Trougakos, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000157 · Cited by 219
Hill, N. S., Seo, M.-G., Kang, J. H., & Taylor, M. S. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0662 · Cited by 203
Perceived organizational support and risk taking
Neves, P., & Eisenberger, R. (2014) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-07-2011-0021 · Cited by 203
Bhal, K. T., & Dadhich, A. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0876-z · Cited by 201
Change fatigue: Development and initial validation of a new measure
Bernerth, J. B., Walker, H. J., & Harris, S. G. (2011) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2011.634280 · Cited by 183
Measurement of Perceived Organizational Readiness for Change in the Public Sector
Cinite, I., Duxbury, L. E., & Higgins, C. (2009) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00582.x · Cited by 160
Eldor, L. (2018) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mux028 · Cited by 159
Young, H. R., Glerum, D. R., Joseph, D. L., & McCord, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206320908646 · Cited by 143
McCarthy, A., Cleveland, J. N., Hunter, S., Darcy, C., & Grady, G. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.709189 · Cited by 139
Foodstagramming in the travel encounter
Wong, I. A., Liu, D., Li, N., Wu, S., Lu, L., & Law, R. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.020 · Cited by 117
A century of labour turnover research: A systematic literature review
Bolt, E. E. T., Winterton, J., & Cafferkey, K. (2022) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12294 · Cited by 116
The Benefits of Justice for Temporary Workers
Camerman, J., Cropanzano, R., & Vandenberghe, C. (2007) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601102287112 · Cited by 110
Retention of IT professionals: Examining the influence of empowerment, social exchange, and trust
Ertürk, A., & Vurgun, L. (2015) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.010 · Cited by 107
Reb, J., Narayanan, J., Chaturvedi, S., & Ekkirala, S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0648-z · Cited by 105
Training is an investment with return in temporary workers: A social exchange perspective
José Chambel, M., & Sobral, F. (2011) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620431111115613 · Cited by 98
Virtual Team Leader Communication: Employee Perception and Organizational Reality
Newman, S. A., Ford, R. C., & Marshall, G. W. (2020) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/2329488419829895 · Cited by 99
Greenbaum, R. L., Mawritz, M. B., Bonner, J. M., Webster, B. D., & Kim, J. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2258 · Cited by 96
The role of transformational leadership in innovation performance of Malaysian SMEs
Tajasom, A., Hung, D. K. M., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2015) · Asian Journal of Technology Innovation · doi:10.1080/19761597.2015.1074513 · Cited by 86
Liu, J., Cho, S., & Putra, E. D. (2017) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-10-2015-0539 · Cited by 77
Stress at work: Differential experiences of high versus low SES workers
Damaske, S., Zawadzki, M. J., & Smyth, J. M. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.010 · Cited by 71
Gooty, J., Serban, A., Thomas, J. S., Gavin, M. B., & Yammarino, F. J. (2012) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.10.002 · Cited by 71
Baer, M. D., van der Werff, L., Colquitt, J. A., Rodell, J. B., Zipay, K. P., & Buckley, F. (2018) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.0248 · Cited by 69
Beyond relationship quality: The role of leader–member exchange importance in leader–follower dyads
Lee, A., Thomas, G., Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., & Marstand, A. F. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12262 · Cited by 60
Likeability and its effect on outcomes of interpersonal interaction
Pulles, N. J., & Hartman, P. (2017) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.06.008 · Cited by 53
Reciprocity and incentive pay in the workplace
Dur, R., Non, A., & Roelfsema, H. (2010) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.05.001 · Cited by 50
Zhao, E. Y., Thatcher, S. M. B., & Jehn, K. A. (2019) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2016.0153 · Cited by 45
Thiel, C. E., McClean, S., Harvey, J., & Prince, N. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2748 · Cited by 41
The line makes the difference: line managers as effective HRM partners
Bos-Nehles, A. C. (2024) · doi:10.3990/1.9789085705130 · Cited by 40
Do you remember? Rater memory systems and leadership measurement
Hansbrough, T. K., Lord, R. G., Schyns, B., Foti, R. J., Liden, R. C., & Acton, B. P. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101455 · Cited by 33
Self-citationGiunchi, M., Chambel, M. J., & Ghislieri, C. (2015) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-03-2014-0061 · Cited by 32
Shaping employee green behavior: a multilevel approach with Pygmalion effect
Mo, Z., Liu, M. T., & Wu, P. (2022) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-07-2020-0473 · Cited by 24
Rich, R. M., Ogden, J., & Morison, L. (2021) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-04-2020-0046 · Cited by 22
Zadow, A., Loh, M. Y., Dollard, M. F., Mathisen, G. E., & Yantcheva, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1082283 · Cited by 20
The role of transnational networking for higher education academics
Wakefield, K., & Dismore, H. (2015) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2015.1024630 · Cited by 20
Evaluating Climate between Working Excellence and Organizational Innovation: What Comes First?
Bonacci, I., Mazzitelli, A., & Morea, D. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12083340 · Cited by 19
Motivating organizational commitment in hotels: The relationship between leaders and employees
Chiang, C.-F., & Lin, M.-Y. (2016) · Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/15332845.2016.1148570 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- WAYNE, S. J., SHORE, L. M., & LIDEN, R. C.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Journal
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1997-02-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 82-111
- ISSN
- 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2006731719
- Cited by
- 3,768
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 41.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.