Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations

Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective

Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5 · Cited by 7,299

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766

Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership

Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001 · Cited by 5,478

Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002 · Cited by 5,435

Ethical leadership: A review and future directions

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.004 · Cited by 4,029

Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611 · Cited by 3,550

Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains.

Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749 · Cited by 3,311

Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership

Bass, B. M. (1999) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/135943299398410 · Cited by 3,254

Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108 · Cited by 3,199

Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership

Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317999166789 · Cited by 3,034

Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership.

Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207 · Cited by 3,026

Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions

Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163621 · Cited by 3,000

Meta-Analytic review of leader–member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues.

Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.827 · Cited by 3,005

Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams

Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00030.x · Cited by 2,623

Toward a theory of spiritual leadership

Fry, L. W. (2003) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001 · Cited by 2,522

A Social Identity Theory of Leadership

Hogg, M. A. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0503_1 · Cited by 2,298

Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors

Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003 · Cited by 2,252

Can you see the real me? A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development

Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., & Walumbwa, F. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.003 · Cited by 2,232

Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is the Door Really Open?

Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.26279183 · Cited by 2,250

Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis

van Dierendonck, D. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310380462 · Cited by 2,218

Leadership development:

Day, D. V. (2000) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00061-8 · Cited by 2,180

Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance.

Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.891 · Cited by 2,159

Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment

Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006 · Cited by 2,058

An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories

Yukl, G. (1999) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(99)00013-2 · Cited by 2,058

Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy

Gong, Y., Huang, J.-C., & Farh, J.-L. (2009) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2009.43670890 · Cited by 1,914

IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON FOLLOWER DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE: A FIELD EXPERIMENT.

Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/3069307 · Cited by 1,906

The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings

Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(03)00050-x · Cited by 1,619

Context and leadership: an examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire

Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(03)00030-4 · Cited by 1,533

Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation

Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032 · Cited by 1,464

Leader-Member Exchange as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers' Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. (2005) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2005.17407908 · Cited by 1,373

TRAIT AND BEHAVIORAL THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: AN INTEGRATION AND META‐ANALYTIC TEST OF THEIR RELATIVE VALIDITY

DERUE, D. S., NAHRGANG, J. D., WELLMAN, N., & HUMPHREY, S. E. (2011) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01201.x · Cited by 1,356

Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis

Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206316665461 · Cited by 1,364

Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda

Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., & Dickens, M. P. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.007 · Cited by 1,340

Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership

Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2000) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.5.751 · Cited by 1,382

Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research

Wang, G., Oh, I.-S., Courtright, S. H., & Colbert, A. E. (2011) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601111401017 · Cited by 1,315

A Critical Assessment of Charismatic—Transformational Leadership Research: Back to the Drawing Board?

van Knippenberg, D., & Sitkin, S. B. (2013) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2013.759433 · Cited by 1,302

Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment

Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E. K. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.6.827 · Cited by 1,315

The Forgotten Ones? The Validity of Consideration and Initiating Structure in Leadership Research.

Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Ilies, R. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.36 · Cited by 1,265

Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention

Yukl, G. (2012) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0088 · Cited by 1,264

How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes

Schyns, B., & Schilling, J. (2013) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.09.001 · Cited by 1,245

Distributed Leadership in Organizations: A Review of Theory and Research

Bolden, R. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00306.x · Cited by 1,227

Followership theory: A review and research agenda

Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.007 · Cited by 1,213

Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus

Gregory Stone, A., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2004) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/01437730410538671 · Cited by 1,208

The toxic triangle: destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments.

Padilla, A., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2007) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.03.001 · Cited by 1,188

Leadership in teams: A functional approach to understanding leadership structures and processes

Morgeson, F. P., DeRue, D. S., & Karam, E. P. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206309347376 · Cited by 1,141

Individual Power Distance Orientation and Follower Reactions to Transformational Leaders: A Cross-Level, Cross-Cultural Examination

Kirkman, B. L., Chen, G., Farh, J.-L., Chen, Z. X., & Lowe, K. B. (2009) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2009.43669971 · Cited by 1,094

Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations

Hughes, D. J., Lee, A., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Legood, A. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,080

TOWARD A THEORY OF MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT

Afzalur Rahim, M. (2002) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/eb022874 · Cited by 953

A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Leadership Behavior: Integrating a Half Century of Behavior Research

Yukl, G., Gordon, A., & Taber, T. (2002) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/107179190200900102 · Cited by 951

Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation

Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Oke, A. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018867 · Cited by 940

Cognition-based and affect-based trust as mediators of leader behavior influences on team performance

Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S. S. K., & Peng, A. C. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022625 · Cited by 933

Narcissistic leadership

Rosenthal, S. A., & Pittinsky, T. L. (2006) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.005 · Cited by 937

The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure

van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1 · Cited by 1,096

Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion

Bono, J. E., & Ilies, R. (2006) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.008 · Cited by 905

Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future Research

Brown, M. E., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq201020439 · Cited by 881

When is educational specialization heterogeneity related to creativity in research and development teams? Transformational leadership as a moderator.

Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1709 · Cited by 845

Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure

Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. B. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.007 · Cited by 824

Motivation to Lead, Motivation to Follow: The Role of the Self-Regulatory Focus in Leadership Processes

Kark, R., & Van Dijk, D. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24351846 · Cited by 818

The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups

Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., & Pearce, C. L. (2006) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.002 · Cited by 820

A Review of Transformational School Leadership Research 1996–2005

Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2005) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700760500244769 · Cited by 776

Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations

Conger, J. A. (1999) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(99)00012-0 · Cited by 772

RESEARCH ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

Zhou, J., & Shalley, C. E. (2004) · Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management · doi:10.1016/s0742-7301(03)22004-1 · Cited by 770

Loving yourself abundantly: relationship of the narcissistic personality to self-and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance.

Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.762 · Cited by 762

Defining and Measuring Servant Leadership Behaviour in Organizations

Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C. (2008) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00761.x · Cited by 844

Motivated Information Processing in Group Judgment and Decision Making

De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868307304092 · Cited by 754

A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness

Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., & Zhang, Z. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034531 · Cited by 731

Servant-leadership in organizations: Inspirational and moral

Graham, J. W. (1991) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/1048-9843(91)90025-w · Cited by 706

Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28

Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002 · Cited by 712

A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators

Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C. M., & Green, S. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1 · Cited by 698

A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy

Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006 · Cited by 681

Leadership behavior and employee well-being: An integrated review and a future research agenda

Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.006 · Cited by 670

Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement

Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., & Espevik, R. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12041 · Cited by 668

Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.

Hoch, J. E., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030264 · Cited by 657

Servant Leadership: Its Origin, Development, and Application in Organizations

Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/107179190200900205 · Cited by 653

Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: a systematic review

Cummings, G. G., Tate, K., Lee, S., Wong, C. A., Paananen, T., Micaroni, S. P. M., & Chatterjee, G. E. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.04.016 · Cited by 637

Thriving at work: A meta‐analysis

Kleine, A., Rudolph, C. W., & Zacher, H. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2375 · Cited by 606

E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission

Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., & Baker, B. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003 · Cited by 584

Leadership, Job Well-Being, and Health Effects—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Kuoppala, J., Lamminpää, A., Liira, J., & Vainio, H. (2008) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31817e918d · Cited by 565

Narcissism and Leadership: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships

Grijalva, E., Harms, P. D., Newman, D. A., Gaddis, B. H., & Fraley, R. C. (2015) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12072 · Cited by 572

The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore.

Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030160404 · Cited by 562

I warn you because I like you: Voice behavior, employee identifications, and transformational leadership

Liu, W., Zhu, R., & Yang, Y. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.014 · Cited by 555

Untitled work

(2003) · Cited by 551

Collective Organizational Engagement: Linking Motivational Antecedents, Strategic Implementation, and Firm Performance

Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., & Courtright, S. H. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2013.0227 · Cited by 544

Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction

Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004 · Cited by 544

Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes

van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., de Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014 · Cited by 525

Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change

Bommer, W. H., Rich, G. A., & Rubin, R. S. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.342 · Cited by 522

Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style: a gender comparison

Mandell, B., & Pherwani, S. (2003) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022816409059 · Cited by 521

The Social Network Ties of Group Leaders: Implications for Group Performance and Leader Reputation

Mehra, A., Dixon, A. L., Brass, D. J., & Robertson, B. (2006) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0158 · Cited by 498

Leadership and levels of analysis: A state-of-the-science review

Yammarino, F. J., Dionne, S. D., Uk Chun, J., & Dansereau, F. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.09.002 · Cited by 501

Leadership for a high performing civil service: Towards a senior civil service systems in OECD countries

(2020) · OECD Working Papers on Public Governance · doi:10.1787/ed8235c8-en · Cited by 499

The White standard: racial bias in leader categorization

Rosette, A. S., Leonardelli, G. J., & Phillips, K. W. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.758 · Cited by 494

Transformational and servant leadership: Content and contextual comparisons

Smith, B. N., Montagno, R. V., & Kuzmenko, T. N. (2004) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/107179190401000406 · Cited by 494

Leader–member exchange (LMX) and culture: A meta-analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries

Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., & Shore, L. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029978 · Cited by 477

Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams

Purvanova, R. K., & Bono, J. E. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004 · Cited by 472

Leadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research

Lord, R. G., Day, D. V., Zaccaro, S. J., Avolio, B. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000089 · Cited by 461

Whither Industrial and Organizational Psychology in a Changing World of Work?

Cascio, W. F. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.11.928 · Cited by 455

On Passion for Life Activities

Vallerand, R. J. (2010) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(10)42003-1 · Cited by 454

How leaders influence the impact of affective events on team climate and performance in R&D teams

Pirola-Merlo, A., Härtel, C., Mann, L., & Hirst, G. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00144-3 · Cited by 451

Leadership, organizational stress, and emotional exhaustion among hospital nursing staff

Stordeur, S., D'Hoore, W., & Vandenberghe, C. (2001) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01885.x · Cited by 452

Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational–transactional leadership theory

Antonakis, J., & House, R. J. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.005 · Cited by 440