Cited by 457RNA Interference and Gene DeliverySARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

A Comprehensive Review of mRNA Vaccines

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Gote, Vrinda, Bolla, Pradeep Kumar, Kommineni, Nagavendra, Butreddy, Arun, Nukala, Pavan Kumar, Palakurthi, Sushesh Srivatsa, Khan, Wahid·2023·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low-cost manufacturing. These vaccines have progressed from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-19 pandemic vaccine front-runners. The advancements in the field of nanotechnology for developing delivery vehicles for mRNA vaccines are highly significant. In this review we have summarized each and every aspect of the mRNA vaccine. The article describes the mRNA structure, its pharmacological function of immunity induction, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the upstream, downstream, and formulation process of mRNA vaccine manufacturing. Additionally, mRNA vaccines in clinical trials are also described. A deep dive into the future perspectives of mRNA vaccines, such as its freeze-drying, delivery systems, and LNPs targeting antigen-presenting cells and dendritic cells, are also summarized.

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  1. [98]Walsh E.E. Frenck R.W. Falsey A.R. Kitchin N. Absalon J. Gurtman A. Lockhart S. Neuzil K. Mulligan M.J. Bailey R. Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 383 2439 2450 10.1056/NEJMoa2027906 33053279 PMC7583697 · DOI · Paper page

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Authors
Gote, V., Bolla, P. K., Kommineni, N., Butreddy, A., Nukala, P. K., Palakurthi, S. S., & Khan, W.
Affiliations
  • University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
  • The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
  • Population Council (US)
  • University of Mississippi (US)
  • St. John's University (US)
  • Texas A&M University – Kingsville (US)
  • Natco Pharma (India) (IN)
Corresponding author
  • Gote, Vrinda
  • Bolla, Pradeep Kumar
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-01-31
Volume
24
Issue
3
Pages
2700
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4318779478
Cited by
457
References
181
Citations by year
2026: 127 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 25 · 2013: 1
FWCI
12.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
mRNA vaccines, lipid nanoparticles, mRNA structure, vaccine production, vaccine formulation, clinical trials, COVID-19 vaccines, nanotechnology, antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, freeze-drying, vaccine delivery systems, immune induction
MeSH terms
COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Humans, Vaccines, Vaccines, Synthetic, Nanoparticles, Pandemics

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