Cited by 4,687Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger

Stunkard, Albert J., Messick, Samuel·1985·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This report describes the construction of a questionnaire to measure three dimensions of human eating behavior. The first step was a collation of items from two existing questionnaires that measure the related concepts of 'restrained eating' and 'latent obesity', to which were added items newly written to elucidate these concepts. This version was administered to several populations selected to include persons who exhibited the spectrum from extreme dietary restraint to extreme lack of restraint. The resulting responses were factor analyzed and the resulting factor structure was used to revise the questionnaire. This process was then repeated: administration of the revised questionnaire to groups representing extremes of dietary restraint, factor analysis of the results and questionnaire revision. Three stable factors emerged: (1) 'cognitive restraint of eating', (2) 'disinhibition' and (3) 'hunger'. The new 51-item questionnaire measuring these factors is presented.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90010-8

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons
Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(82)90024-7 · Cited by 2,129
Restrained and unrestrained eating1
Herman, C. P., & Mack, D. (1975) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00727.x · Cited by 1,295
Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior.
Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1975) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.84.6.666 · Cited by 860
The dynamics of structured personality tests: 1971.
Jackson, D. (1971) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0030852 · Cited by 367
The dynamics of “structured” personality tests
Meehl, P. E. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200003)56:3 · Cited by 366
Craving for Alcohol, Loss of Control, and Relapse: A Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis
Marlatt, G. A. (1978) · Alcoholism · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2874-2_11 · Cited by 362
The body weight regulatory system: normal and disturbed mechanisms.
CIOFFI, L. A., James, W. P. T., & Itallie, T. B. V. (1981) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 347
The obese patient.
Bray, G. A. (1976) · PubMed Central · Cited by 216
Obesity, dieting, and the expression of obese characteristics.
Hibscher, J. A., & Herman, C. P. (1977) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077334 · Cited by 206
Binge eating as a function of restraint and weight classification.
Spencer, J. A., & Fremouw, W. J. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.88.3.262 · Cited by 180

Show all 29 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Klesges, 1984, Personality and obesity: global versus specific measures, Behavioral Assessment, 6, 347
Pudel, 1975, Zur Persoehnlichkeit Adipoeser in psychologischen Tests unter Beruecksichtigung latent Fettsuechtiger, Z Psychosom Med Psychoanalyse, 21, 345
Shrager, 1983, Compensatory intra-meal responses of obese women to reduction in the size of food units, Abstracts, Society for Neuroscience, 201

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 244

Maintaining large weight losses: The role of behavioral and psychological factors.
Wing, R. R., Papandonatos, G., Fava, J. L., Gorin, A. A., Phelan, S., McCaffery, J., & Tate, D. F. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014159 · Cited by 166
Vegetarian and vegan diets in type 2 diabetes management
Barnard, N. D., Katcher, H. I., Jenkins, D. J., Cohen, J., & Turner-McGrievy, G. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00198.x · Cited by 164
Behavioral treatment of obesity: thirty years and counting
Wilson, G. T. (1994) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(94)90002-7 · Cited by 159
The effect of an incremental increase in exercise on appetite, eating behaviour and energy balance in lean men and women feeding ad libitum
Whybrow, S., Hughes, D. A., Ritz, P., Johnstone, A. M., Horgan, G. W., King, N., Blundell, J. E., & Stubbs, R. J. (2008) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508968240 · Cited by 164
The Impact of Food Viscosity on Eating Rate, Subjective Appetite, Glycemic Response and Gastric Emptying Rate
Zhu, Y., Hsu, W. H., & Hollis, J. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067482 · Cited by 164
Provision of Foods Differing in Energy Density Affects Long‐Term Weight Loss
Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S., Beach, A. M., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.123 · Cited by 159
Comparison of a Mindful Eating Intervention to a Diabetes Self-Management Intervention Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Miller, C. K., Kristeller, J. L., Headings, A., & Nagaraja, H. (2014) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198113493092 · Cited by 161
“The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was administered to assess cognitive control of food intake, susceptibility to nonphysical hunger, and disinhibition of control (Stunkard & Messick, 1985).”
Method
The EMPOWER Study: Randomized, Prospective, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial of Vagal Blockade to Induce Weight Loss in Morbid Obesity
The EMPOWER Study Group, Sarr, M. G., Billington, C. J., Brancatisano, R., Brancatisano, A., Toouli, J., Kow, L., Nguyen, N. T., Blackstone, R., Maher, J. W., et al. (2012) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0751-8 · Cited by 162
A Satiety Quotient: A Formulation to Assess the Satiating Effect of Food
GREEN, S., DELARGY, H., JOANES, D., & BLUNDELL, J. (1997) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0096 · Cited by 160
Chocolate eating in healthy men during experimentally induced sadness and joy
Macht, M., Roth, S., & Ellgring, H. (2002) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.2002.0499 · Cited by 160
Effects of overfeeding on the neuronal response to visual food cues
Cornier, M.-A., Von Kaenel, S. S., Bessesen, D. H., & Tregellas, J. R. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.965 · Cited by 160
Psychopathology in subgroups of obese women with and without binge eating disorder
Specker, S., de Zwaan, M., Raymond, N., & Mitchell, J. (1994) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(94)90190-2 · Cited by 160
Bulimia nervosa: A meta-analysis of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments
Whittal, M. L., Agras, W. S., & Gould, R. A. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80049-5 · Cited by 159
Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples
Klump, K. L., Keel, P. K., Culbert, K. M., & Edler, C. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708002997 · Cited by 157
Sensory experience of food and obesity: a positron emission tomography study of the brain regions affected by tasting a liquid meal after a prolonged fast
DelParigi, A., Chen, K., Salbe, A. D., Reiman, E. M., & Tataranni, P. A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.035 · Cited by 158
Delay discounting moderates the effect of food reinforcement on energy intake among non-obese women
Rollins, B. Y., Dearing, K. K., & Epstein, L. H. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.07.014 · Cited by 153
A Low-Fat Vegan Diet Elicits Greater Macronutrient Changes, but Is Comparable in Adherence and Acceptability, Compared with a More Conventional Diabetes Diet among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Barnard, N. D., Gloede, L., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J. A., Turner-McGrievy, G., Green, A. A., & Ferdowsian, H. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.049 · Cited by 154
“Restraint, disinhibition, and hunger, as reported using the Eating Inventory instrutment (10), indicating changes from baseline to 22”
BackgroundMethod
Two-Year Outcomes of Vagal Nerve Blocking (vBloc) for the Treatment of Obesity in the ReCharge Trial
Apovian, C. M., Shah, S. N., Wolfe, B. M., Ikramuddin, S., Miller, C. J., Tweden, K. S., Billington, C. J., & Shikora, S. A. (2017) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2325-7 · Cited by 145
Oral sensory phenotype identifies level of sugar and fat required for maximal liking.
Hayes, J. E., & Duffy, V. B. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.023 · Cited by 151
Reducing eating disorder symptoms and risk factors using the internet: A meta‐analytic review
Melioli, T., Bauer, S., Franko, D. L., Moessner, M., Ozer, F., Chabrol, H., & Rodgers, R. F. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22477 · Cited by 147
Acceptance-based versus standard behavioral treatment for obesity: Results from the mind your health randomized controlled trial
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Manasse, S. M., Crosby, R. D., Goldstein, S. P., Wyckoff, E. P., & Thomas, J. G. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21601 · Cited by 145
Sensory-specific satiety is affected more by volume than by energy content of a liquid food
Bell, E. A., Roe, L. S., & Rolls, B. J. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00055-6 · Cited by 141
Short-term meal replacements followed by dietary macronutrient restriction enhance weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome
Moran, L. J., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Wittert, G. A., Williams, G., & Norman, R. J. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.77 · Cited by 141
Variety, palatability, and obesity
Johnson, F., & Wardle, J. (2014) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.114.007120 · Cited by 138
Evaluation of a modified cognitive-behavioural programme for weight management
Rapoport, L., Clark, M., & Wardle, J. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801465 · Cited by 141
Relation of dietary restraint scores to activation of reward-related brain regions in response to food intake, anticipated intake, and food pictures
Burger, K. S., & Stice, E. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.009 · Cited by 138
Binge eating and other psychopathology in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Crow, S., Kendall, D., Praus, B., & Thuras, P. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1077 · Cited by 139
Psychological aspects of weight maintenance and relapse in obesity
Byrne, S. M. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00487-7 · Cited by 135
Contribution of snacks and meals in the diet of French adults: a diet-diary study
Bellisle, F., Dalix, A. M., Mennen, L., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., de Castro, J. M., & Gausseres, N. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00088-x · Cited by 134
Multiple routes of chemosensitivity to free fatty acids in humans
Chalé-Rush, A., Burgess, J. R., & Mattes, R. D. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00471.2006 · Cited by 133
Reduced reward-driven eating accounts for the impact of a mindfulness-based diet and exercise intervention on weight loss: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial
Mason, A. E., Epel, E. S., Aschbacher, K., Lustig, R. H., Acree, M., Kristeller, J., Cohn, M., Dallman, M., Moran, P. J., Bacchetti, P., et al. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.009 · Cited by 125
Fear of negative appearance evaluation: Development and evaluation of a new construct for risk factor work in the field of eating disorders
Lundgren, J. D., Anderson, D. A., & Thompson, J. K. (2004) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00055-2 · Cited by 127
Importance of reward and prefrontal circuitry in hunger and satiety: Prader–Willi syndrome vs simple obesity
Holsen, L. M., Savage, C. R., Martin, L. E., Bruce, A. S., Lepping, R. J., Ko, E., Brooks, W. M., Butler, M. G., Zarcone, J. R., & Goldstein, J. M. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.204 · Cited by 128
Nighttime eating: commonly observed and related to weight gain in an inpatient food intake study
Gluck, M. E., Venti, C. A., Salbe, A. D., & Krakoff, J. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.4.900 · Cited by 126
Health-At-Every-Size and Eating Behaviors: 1-Year Follow-Up Results of a Size Acceptance Intervention
Provencher, V., Bégin, C., Tremblay, A., Mongeau, L., Corneau, L., Dodin, S., Boivin, S., & Lemieux, S. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.08.017 · Cited by 126
Texture and savoury taste influences on food intake in a realistic hot lunch time meal
Forde, C. G., van Kuijk, N., Thaler, T., de Graaf, C., & Martin, N. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.002 · Cited by 127
Appetite sensations as a marker of overall intake
Drapeau, V., Blundell, J., Therrien, F., Lawton, C., Richard, D., & Tremblay, A. (2005) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041312 · Cited by 125
Males and females show differential brain activation to taste when hungry and sated in gustatory and reward areas
Haase, L., Green, E., & Murphy, C. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.06.009 · Cited by 118
An intervention study targeting energy and nutrient intake in worksite cafeterias
Lowe, M. R., Tappe, K. A., Butryn, M. L., Annunziato, R. A., Coletta, M. C., Ochner, C. N., & Rolls, B. J. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.01.002 · Cited by 117
Rapid response to treatment for binge eating disorder
Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Wilson, G. T. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.602 · Cited by 117
Food hedonics and reinforcement as determinants of laboratory food intake in smokers
EPSTEIN, L., WRIGHT, S., PALUCH, R., LEDDY, J., HAWK, L., JARONI, J., SAAD, F., CRYSTALMANSOUR, S., & LERMAN, C. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.015 · Cited by 116
Differences between liking and wanting signals in the human brain and relations with cognitive dietary restraint and body mass index
Born, J. M., Lemmens, S. G., Martens, M. J., Formisano, E., Goebel, R., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.012161 · Cited by 116
Influence of oral processing on appetite and food intake—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Krop, E. M., Hetherington, M. M., Nekitsing, C., Miquel, S., Postelnicu, L., & Sarkar, A. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.018 · Cited by 111
“List of non-standard abbreviations WHO World Health Organization FSTA Food Science and Technology Abstracts PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Setting DEBQ Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire TFEQ Three Factor Eating Questi…”
MethodInfluential
Internal disinhibition predicts weight regain following weight loss and weight loss maintenance
Niemeier, H. M., Phelan, S., Fava, J. L., & Wing, R. R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.295 · Cited by 114
The effect of eating behavior on weight loss and maintenance during a lifestyle intervention
Keränen, A.-M., Savolainen, M. J., Reponen, A. H., Kujari, M.-L., Lindeman, S. M., Bloigu, R. S., & Laitinen, J. H. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.04.011 · Cited by 109
An acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss: a pilot study
Niemeier, H. M., Leahey, T., Palm Reed, K., Brown, R. A., & Wing, R. R. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.10.005 · Cited by 109
The three factor eating questionnaire - R21: tradução para o português e aplicação em mulheres brasileiras
Natacci, L. C., & Ferreira Júnior, M. (2011) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/s1415-52732011000300002 · Cited by 106
A breakfast with alpha-lactalbumin, gelatin, or gelatin+TRP lowers energy intake at lunch compared with a breakfast with casein, soy, whey, or whey-GMP
Veldhorst, M. A. B., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P. K. J., Brummer, R.-J. M., Deutz, N. E. P., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2009) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2008.12.003 · Cited by 104
Recall of recent lunch and its effect on subsequent snack intake
Higgs, S., Williamson, A. C., & Attwood, A. S. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.011 · Cited by 101
Soup preloads in a variety of forms reduce meal energy intake
Flood, J. E., & Rolls, B. J. (2007) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.04.002 · Cited by 102
Effects of repeat consumption on pleasantness, preference and intake
Hetherington, M. M., Bell, A., & Rolls, B. J. (2000) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070700010336517 · Cited by 99
Guided self-help for eating disorders: a systematic review and metaregression
Traviss‐Turner, G. D., West, R. M., & Hill, A. J. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2507 · Cited by 98
Effects of complete whey-protein breakfasts versus whey without GMP-breakfasts on energy intake and satiety
Veldhorst, M. A. B., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P. K. J., Brummer, R.-J. M., Deutz, N. E. P., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.014 · Cited by 94
Onset of dieting vs binge eating in outpatients with binge eating disorder
Grilo, C., & Masheb, R. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801171 · Cited by 95
Differentiating between successful and unsuccessful dieters. Validity and reliability of the Perceived Self-Regulatory Success in Dieting Scale
Meule, A., Papies, E. K., & Kübler, A. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.028 · Cited by 94
Affect regulation and food intake in bulimia nervosa: emotional responding to food cues after deprivation and subsequent eating
Mauler, B. I., Hamm, A. O., Weike, A. I., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.567 · Cited by 94
Association between chronotype and the constructs of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire
Schubert, E., & Randler, C. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.03.018 · Cited by 93
Increased odds of disordered eating in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lee, I., Cooney, L. G., Saini, S., Sammel, M. D., Allison, K. C., & Dokras, A. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0533-y · Cited by 92
Naltrexone-Bupropion and Behavior Therapy, Alone and Combined, for Binge-Eating Disorder: Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Grilo, C. M., Lydecker, J. A., Fineberg, S. K., Moreno, J. O., Ivezaj, V., & Gueorguieva, R. (2022) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220267 · Cited by 89
Package Unit Size and Amount of Food: Do Both Influence Intake?
Raynor, H. A., & Wing, R. R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.274 · Cited by 89
The physiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with energy deficiency in exercising women and in women with anorexia nervosa
Allaway, H. C. M., Southmayd, E. A., & De Souza, M. J. (2016) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2015-0053 · Cited by 89
Binge‐eating Disorder in Obese Adolescent Girlsa
BERKOWITZ, R., STUNKARD, A. J., & STALLINGS, V. A. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18850.x · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Short-Term Intervention with Liraglutide Improved Eating Behavior in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Jensterle, M., Kocjan, T., Kravos, N. A., Pfeifer, M., & Janez, A. (2015) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.3109/07435800.2014.966385 · Cited by 86
Consumer Preferences in Format and Type of Community-Based Weight Control Programs
Sherwood, N. E., Morton, N., Jeffery, R. W., French, S. A., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Falkner, N. H. (1998) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-13.1.12 · Cited by 86
Genetically Determined Differences in Brain Response to a Primary Food Reward: Figure 1.
Felsted, J. A., Ren, X., Chouinard-Decorte, F., & Small, D. M. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5483-09.2010 · Cited by 84
Short sleep duration is associated with greater alcohol consumption in adults
Chaput, J.-P., McNeil, J., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.07.012 · Cited by 84
Effects of Liraglutide and Behavioral Weight Loss on Food Cravings, Eating Behaviors, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology
Chao, A. M., Wadden, T. A., Walsh, O. A., Gruber, K. A., Alamuddin, N., Berkowitz, R. I., & Tronieri, J. S. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22653 · Cited by 84
Can mindfulness address maladaptive eating behaviors? Why traditional diet plans fail and how new mechanistic insights may lead to novel interventions
Brewer, J. A., Ruf, A., Beccia, A. L., Essien, G. I., Finn, L. M., Lutterveld, R. V., & Mason, A. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01418 · Cited by 82
Emotional eating is associated with weight loss success among adults enrolled in a weight loss program
Braden, A., Flatt, S. W., Boutelle, K. N., Strong, D., Sherwood, N. E., & Rock, C. L. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9728-8 · Cited by 84
Psychological aspects of eating behavior as predictors of 10-y weight changes after surgical and conventional treatment of severe obesity: results from the Swedish Obese Subjects intervention study
Konttinen, H., Peltonen, M., Sjöström, L., Carlsson, L., & Karlsson, J. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.095182 · Cited by 83
Hippocampal-dependent appetitive control is impaired by experimental exposure to a Western-style diet
Stevenson, R. J., Francis, H. M., Attuquayefio, T., Gupta, D., Yeomans, M. R., Oaten, M. J., & Davidson, T. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.191338 · Cited by 81
Alimentary epigenetics: a developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety
HARSHAW, C. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2008.08.001 · Cited by 80
Obesity and eating behavior from the perspective of twin and genetic research
Silventoinen, K., & Konttinen, H. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.012 · Cited by 80
Pharmacological approaches to the management of binge eating disorder
Brownley, K. A., Peat, C. M., La Via, M., & Bulik, C. M. (2015) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0327-0 · Cited by 78
A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder
Allison, K. C., Chao, A. M., Bruzas, M. B., McCuen‐Wurst, C., Jones, E., McAllister, C., Gruber, K., Berkowitz, R. I., Wadden, T. A., & Tronieri, J. S. (2023) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.619 · Cited by 75
Metabolic Phenotyping Guidelines: studying eating behaviour in humans
Gibbons, C., Finlayson, G., Dalton, M., Caudwell, P., & Blundell, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-14-0020 · Cited by 74
Machine learning enhances prediction of illness course: a longitudinal study in eating disorders
Haynos, A. F., Wang, S. B., Lipson, S., Peterson, C. B., Mitchell, J. E., Halmi, K. A., Agras, W. S., & Crow, S. J. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000227 · Cited by 73
A dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreases fasting plasma glucose and increases lean mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Liu, Y., Cotillard, A., Vatier, C., Bastard, J.-P., Fellahi, S., Stévant, M., Allatif, O., Langlois, C., Bieuvelet, S., Brochot, A., et al. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138646 · Cited by 71
Free to buy? Explaining self-control and impulse in consumer behavior.
Hofmann, W., Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2007.10.005 · Cited by 71
Testing the original and the extended dual-pathway model of lack of control over eating in adolescent girls. A two-year longitudinal study
Dakanalis, A., Timko, C. A., Carrà, G., Clerici, M., Zanetti, M. A., Riva, G., & Caccialanza, R. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.022 · Cited by 71
Neural Predictors of 12-Month Weight Loss Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery
Holsen, L. M., Davidson, P., Cerit, H., Hye, T., Moondra, P., Haimovici, F., Sogg, S., Shikora, S., Goldstein, J. M., Evins, A. E., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.190 · Cited by 69
Comparison of 2 diets with either 25% or 10% of energy as casein on energy expenditure, substrate balance, and appetite profile
Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., Veldhorst, M. A., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., & Westerterp, K. R. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26917 · Cited by 68
Weight cycling in treatment-seeking obese persons: data from the QUOVADIS study
and the QUOVADIS Study Group, Marchesini, G., Cuzzolaro, M., Mannucci, E., Grave, R. D., Gennaro, M., Tomasi, F., Barantani, E. G., & Melchionda, N. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802741 · Cited by 68
Associations between Eating Competence and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers
Psota, T. L., Lohse, B., & West, S. G. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2007.05.004 · Cited by 67
Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast
Markey, O., McClean, C. M., Medlow, P., Davison, G. W., Trinick, T. R., Duly, E., & Shafat, A. (2011) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-10-78 · Cited by 67
EMOTIONS AND EATING IN EVERYDAY LIFE: APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIENCE-SAMPLING METHOD
MACHT, M., HAUPT, C., & SALEWSKY, A. (2004) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670240490454723 · Cited by 64
The Brazilian version of the three-factor eating questionnaire-R21: psychometric evaluation and scoring pattern
de Medeiros, A. C. Q., Yamamoto, M. E., Pedrosa, L. F. C., & Hutz, C. S. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-016-0256-x · Cited by 62
Habitual meal frequency and energy intake regulation in partially temporally isolated men
Westerterp-Plantenga, M., Kovacs, E., & Melanson, K. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801855 · Cited by 61
Evaluation of nutritional behaviour related to COVID-19
Elmacıoğlu, F., Emiroğlu, E., Ülker, M. T., Özyılmaz Kırcali, B., & Oruç, S. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020004140 · Cited by 58
Acute effects of breakfasts containing α-lactalbumin, or gelatin with or without added tryptophan, on hunger, ‘satiety’ hormones and amino acid profiles
Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., Veldhorst, M. A. B., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P. K. J., Brummer, R.-J. M., Deutz, N. E. P., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2008) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508131774 · Cited by 65
Reductions in internal disinhibition during weight loss predict better weight loss maintenance
Butryn, M. L., Thomas, J. G., & Lowe, M. R. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.646 · Cited by 55
Pilot randomized trial demonstrating reversal of obesity-related abnormalities in reward system responsivity to food cues with a behavioral intervention
Deckersbach, T., Das, S. K., Urban, L. E., Salinardi, T., Batra, P., Rodman, A. M., Arulpragasam, A. R., Dougherty, D. D., & Roberts, S. B. (2014) · Nutrition & Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.26 · Cited by 55
Effects of Chromium Picolinate on Food Intake and Satiety
Anton, S. D., Morrison, C. D., Cefalu, W. T., Martin, C. K., Coulon, S., Geiselman, P., Han, H., White, C. L., & Williamson, D. A. (2008) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0292 · Cited by 54
Environmental factors in the development of obesity in identical twins
Hakala, P., Rissanen, A., Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., & Rönnemaa, T. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800923 · Cited by 53
Acceptance and efficacy of a guided internet self-help treatment program for obese patients with binge eating disorder
Isabelle, C., Christelle, C., Patrick, R., Tony, L., Martial, V. D. L., & Alain, G. (2011) · Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901107010008 · Cited by 51
Effect of mindfulness meditation on short-term weight loss and eating behaviors in overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial
Spadaro, K. C., Davis, K. K., Sereika, S. M., Gibbs, B. B., Jakicic, J. M., & Cohen, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/jcim-2016-0048 · Cited by 47
Holiday weight management by successful weight losers and normal weight individuals.
Phelan, S., Wing, R. R., Raynor, H. A., Dibello, J., Nedeau, K., & Peng, W. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.442 · Cited by 50
Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: correlations between parent and adolescent
De Lauzon‐Guillain, B., Romon, M., Musher‐Eizenman, D., Heude, B., Basdevant, A., Charles, M. A., & Fleurbaix‐Laventie Ville Santé Study Group (2009) · Maternal & Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00164.x · Cited by 49
Naltrexone/bupropion for binge‐eating disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Grilo, C. M., Lydecker, J. A., Jastreboff, A. M., Pittman, B., & McKee, S. A. (2023) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23898 · Cited by 47
Feedback-Based Treatments for Eating Disorders and Related Symptoms: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Imperatori, C., Mancini, M., Della Marca, G., Valenti, E. M., & Farina, B. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111806 · Cited by 43

Authors: Stunkard, A. J., & Messick, S.
Affiliations: Educational Testing Service (US)
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1985-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 71-83
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90010-8
OpenAlex: W2011790043
Cited by: 4,687
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 113 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 181 · 2021: 197 · 2020: 222 · 2019: 206 · 2018: 176 · 2017: 182 · 2016: 183 · 2015: 224 · 2014: 192 · 2013: 191 · 2012: 194
FWCI: 21.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-31050)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, dietary habits, questionnaire development, factor structure
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diet, Reducing, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hunger, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks