Reciprocal Regulation between Resting Microglial Dynamics and Neuronal Activity In Vivo

Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827

Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development

Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244

Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms

Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J.-S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2038 · Cited by 4,110

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089 · cited 2×

ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo

Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913

Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain

Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676

Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses

Ransohoff, R. M., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528 · Cited by 1,858

Microglia Shape Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through Apoptosis-Coupled Phagocytosis

Sierra, A., Encinas, J. M., Deudero, J. J. P., Chancey, J. H., Enikolopov, G., Overstreet-Wadiche, L. S., Tsirka, S. E., & Maletic-Savatic, M. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.014 · Cited by 1,622

The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides

Haynes, S. E., Hollopeter, G., Yang, G., Kurpius, D., Dailey, M. E., Gan, W.-B., & Julius, D. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1805 · Cited by 1,542

Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience

Tremblay, M.-È., Lowery, R. L., & Majewska, A. K. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000527 · Cited by 1,542

Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease

Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., & Pollard, J. W. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12034 · Cited by 4,684

Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Parkhurst, C. N., Yang, G., Ninan, I., Savas, J. N., Yates, J. R., Lafaille, J. J., Hempstead, B. L., Littman, D. R., & Gan, W.-B. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.030 · Cited by 2,599

Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease

Li, Q., & Barres, B. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.125 · Cited by 1,999

The Cellular Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease

De Strooper, B., & Karran, E. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.056 · Cited by 1,990

Microglia emerge as central players in brain disease

Salter, M. W., & Stevens, B. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4397 · Cited by 1,767

A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?

Ransohoff, R. M. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4338 · Cited by 1,573

Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts

Prinz, M., Jung, S., & Priller, J. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053 · Cited by 1,525

Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia

Badimon, A., Strasburger, H. J., Ayata, P., Chen, X., Nair, A., Ikegami, A., Hwang, P., Chan, A. T., Graves, S. M., Uweru, J. O., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2777-8 · Cited by 979

Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression

Wohleb, E. S., Franklin, T., Iwata, M., & Duman, R. S. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.69 · Cited by 668

Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions

Cserép, C., Pósfai, B., Lénárt, N., Fekete, R., László, Z. I., Lele, Z., Orsolits, B., Molnár, G., Heindl, S., Schwarcz, A. D., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6752 · Cited by 684

Microglia: Dynamic Mediators of Synapse Development and Plasticity

Wu, Y., Dissing-Olesen, L., MacVicar, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.08.008 · Cited by 661

Microglial Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Promotes Synapse Plasticity

Nguyen, P. T., Dorman, L. C., Pan, S., Vainchtein, I. D., Han, R. T., Nakao-Inoue, H., Taloma, S. E., Barron, J. J., Molofsky, A. B., Kheirbek, M. A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.050 · Cited by 615

Microglia protect against brain injury and their selective elimination dysregulates neuronal network activity after stroke

Szalay, G., Martinecz, B., Lénárt, N., Környei, Z., Orsolits, B., Judák, L., Császár, E., Fekete, R., West, B. L., Katona, G., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11499 · Cited by 573

Microglia across the lifespan: from origin to function in brain development, plasticity and cognition

Tay, T. L., Savage, J. C., Hui, C. W., Bisht, K., & Tremblay, M. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272134 · Cited by 562

Sublime Microglia: Expanding Roles for the Guardians of the CNS

Salter, M. W., & Beggs, S. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.008 · Cited by 531

The Indispensable Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes during Brain Development

Reemst, K., Noctor, S. C., Lucassen, P. J., & Hol, E. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00566 · Cited by 516

Neuronal Hyperactivity Recruits Microglial Processes via Neuronal NMDA Receptors and Microglial P2Y12 Receptors after Status Epilepticus

Eyo, U. B., Peng, J., Swiatkowski, P., Mukherjee, A., Bispo, A., & Wu, L.-J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0416-14.2014 · Cited by 509

Microglial Ramification, Surveillance, and Interleukin-1β Release Are Regulated by the Two-Pore Domain K+ Channel THIK-1

Madry, C., Kyrargyri, V., Arancibia-Cárcamo, I. L., Jolivet, R., Kohsaka, S., Bryan, R. M., & Attwell, D. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.002 · Cited by 464

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Szepesi, Z., Manouchehrian, O., Bachiller, S., & Deierborg, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00323 · Cited by 459

Astrocytes and microglia: In sickness and in health

Vainchtein, I. D., & Molofsky, A. V. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.003 · Cited by 450

Microglia: actively surveying and shaping neuronal circuit structure and function

Wake, H., Moorhouse, A. J., Miyamoto, A., & Nabekura, J. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.007 · Cited by 448

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

Matejuk, A., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01416 · Cited by 445

Microglia Morphological Categorization in a Rat Model of Neuroinflammation by Hierarchical Cluster and Principal Components Analysis

Fernández-Arjona, M. D. M., Grondona, J. M., Granados-Durán, P., Fernández-Llebrez, P., & López-Ávalos, M. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00235 · Cited by 417

Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype?

Targa Dias Anastacio, H., Matosin, N., & Ooi, L. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02024-7 · Cited by 401

Microglia: Agents of the CNS Pro-Inflammatory Response

Rodríguez-Gómez, J. A., Kavanagh, E., Engskog-Vlachos, P., Engskog, M. K. R., Herrera, A. J., Espinosa-Oliva, A. M., Joseph, B., Hajji, N., Venero, J. L., & Burguillos, M. A. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9071717 · Cited by 365

Microglial Physiology and Pathophysiology: Insights from Genome-wide Transcriptional Profiling

Crotti, A., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.013 · Cited by 323

Microglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination

Hughes, A. N., & Appel, B. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2 · Cited by 344

Neuron-glia signaling in synapse elimination

Wilton, D. K., Dissing-Olesen, L., & Stevens, B. (2019) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050306 · Cited by 332

Microglial displacement of inhibitory synapses provides neuroprotection in the adult brain

Chen, Z., Jalabi, W., Hu, W., Park, H.-J., Gale, J. T., Kidd, G. J., Bernatowicz, R., Gossman, Z. C., Chen, J. T., Dutta, R., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5486 · Cited by 319

Activation of Neuronal NMDA Receptors Triggers Transient ATP-Mediated Microglial Process Outgrowth

Dissing-Olesen, L., LeDue, J. M., Rungta, R. L., Hefendehl, J. K., Choi, H. B., & MacVicar, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0405-14.2014 · Cited by 286

Glial and Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Critical Modulators of Drug Use and Abuse

Lacagnina, M. J., Rivera, P. D., & Bilbo, S. D. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.121 · Cited by 271

Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients

D’Amato, A., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Lucarini, E., Man, A. L., Le Gall, G., Branca, J. J. V., Ghelardini, C., Amedei, A., Bertelli, E., Regoli, M., et al. (2020) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00914-w · Cited by 269

Shaping Neuronal Fate: Functional Heterogeneity of Direct Microglia-Neuron Interactions

Cserép, C., Pósfai, B., & Dénes, Á. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.007 · Cited by 256

Microglia in Brain Development, Homeostasis, and Neurodegeneration

Bohlen, C. J., Friedman, B. A., Dejanovic, B., & Sheng, M. (2019) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043515 · Cited by 212

How microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity

Umpierre, A. D., & Wu, L. (2021) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23961 · Cited by 237

Microglia-neuron crosstalk: Signaling mechanism and control of synaptic transmission

Marinelli, S., Basilico, B., Marrone, M. C., & Ragozzino, D. (2019) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.017 · Cited by 233

Nanoscale Surveillance of the Brain by Microglia via cAMP-Regulated Filopodia

Bernier, L.-P., Bohlen, C. J., York, E. M., Choi, H. B., Kamyabi, A., Dissing-Olesen, L., Hefendehl, J. K., Collins, H. Y., Stevens, B., Barres, B. A., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.010 · Cited by 211

Microglia: Multitasking Specialists of the Brain

Casano, A. M., & Peri, F. (2015) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.018 · Cited by 209

A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo

Wu, Z., He, K., Chen, Y., Li, H., Pan, S., Li, B., Liu, T., Xi, F., Deng, F., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.027 · Cited by 204

Microglia control the spread of neurotropic virus infection via P2Y12 signalling and recruit monocytes through P2Y12-independent mechanisms

Fekete, R., Cserép, C., Lénárt, N., Tóth, K., Orsolits, B., Martinecz, B., Méhes, E., Szabó, B., Németh, V., Gönci, B., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1885-0 · Cited by 184

Macrophage phagocytosis after spinal cord injury: when friends become foes

Van Broeckhoven, J., Sommer, D., Dooley, D., Hendrix, S., & Franssen, A. J. P. M. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab250 · Cited by 172

Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity

Kälin, S., Heppner, F. L., Bechmann, I., Prinz, M., Tschöp, M. H., & Yi, C.-X. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.48 · Cited by 167

Microglial dysfunction connects depression and Alzheimer’s disease

Santos, L. E., Beckman, D., & Ferreira, S. T. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.011 · Cited by 154

Modulation of Microglial Process Convergence Toward Neuronal Dendrites by Extracellular Calcium

Eyo, U. B., Gu, N., De, S., Dong, H., Richardson, J. R., & Wu, L.-J. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3279-14.2015 · Cited by 154

Cerebellar microglia are dynamically unique and survey Purkinje neurons in vivo

Stowell, R. D., Wong, E. L., Batchelor, H. N., Mendes, M. S., Lamantia, C. E., Whitelaw, B. S., & Majewska, A. K. (2018) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22572 · Cited by 124

Targeting innate immunity for neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system

Andreasson, K. I., Bachstetter, A. D., Colonna, M., Ginhoux, F., Holmes, C., Lamb, B., Landreth, G., Lee, D. C., Low, D., Lynch, M. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13667 · Cited by 126

Lipoprotein lipase maintains microglial innate immunity in obesity.

Gao, Y., Vidal-Itriago, A., Kalsbeek, M. J., Layritz, C., García-Cáceres, C., Tom, R. Z., Eichmann, T. O., Vaz, F. M., Houtkooper, R. H., van der Wel, N., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.008 · Cited by 123

LRRK2 G2019S mutation attenuates microglial motility by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase

Choi, I., Kim, B., Byun, J.-W., Baik, S. H., Huh, Y. H., Kim, J.-H., Mook-Jung, I., Song, W. K., Shin, J.-H., Seo, H., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9255 · Cited by 112

Regulation of myeloid cell phagocytosis by LRRK2 via WAVE2 complex stabilization is altered in Parkinson’s disease

Kim, K. S., Marcogliese, P. C., Yang, J., Callaghan, S. M., Resende, V., Abdel-Messih, E., Marras, C., Visanji, N. P., Huang, J., Schlossmacher, M. G., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1718946115 · Cited by 111

Receptors, Ion Channels, and Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Microglial Dynamics

Madry, C., & Attwell, D. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r115.637157 · Cited by 109

Neuroplasticity in stroke recovery. The role of microglia in engaging and modifying synapses and networks

Sandvig, I., Augestad, I. L., Håberg, A. K., & Sandvig, A. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13959 · Cited by 94

Microglial modulation of neuronal activity in the healthy brain

York, E. M., Bernier, L., & MacVicar, B. A. (2018) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22571 · Cited by 98

New Insights into Microglia–Neuron Interactions: A Neuron’s Perspective

Pósfai, B., Cserép, C., Orsolits, B., & Dénes, Á. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.046 · Cited by 98

Microglia‐dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits

Guedes, J. R., Ferreira, P. A., Costa, J. M., Cardoso, A. L., & Peça, J. (2022) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15689 · Cited by 93

Deciphering Resting Microglial Morphology and Process Motility from a Synaptic Prospect

Hristovska, I., & Pascual, O. (2016) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2015.00073 · Cited by 92

Senescent Microglia: The Key to the Ageing Brain?

Greenwood, E. K., & Brown, D. R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094402 · Cited by 84

Microglia and Synapse: Interactions in Health and Neurodegeneration

Šišková, Z., & Tremblay, M.-È. (2013) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2013/425845 · Cited by 80

Induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation increases the morphological dynamics of microglial processes and prolongs their contacts with dendritic spines

Pfeiffer, T., Avignone, E., & Nägerl, U. V. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32422 · Cited by 79

Microglia maintain the normal structure and function of the hippocampal astrocyte network

Du, Y., Brennan, F. H., Popovich, P. G., & Zhou, M. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24179 · Cited by 61

Microglia control the glycinergic but not the GABAergic synapses via prostaglandin E2 in the spinal cord

Cantaut-Belarif, Y., Antri, M., Pizzarelli, R., Colasse, S., Vaccari, I., Soares, S., Renner, M., Dallel, R., Triller, A., & Bessis, A. (2017) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201607048 · Cited by 56

The role of P2Y12 in the kinetics of microglial self-renewal and maturation in the adult visual cortex in vivo

Mendes, M. S., Le, L., Atlas, J., Brehm, Z., Ladron-de-Guevara, A., Matei, E., Lamantia, C., McCall, M. N., & Majewska, A. K. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.61173 · Cited by 46

CRISPRi-based screen of autism spectrum disorder risk genes in microglia uncovers roles of ADNP in microglia endocytosis and synaptic pruning

Teter, O. M., McQuade, A., Hagan, V., Liang, W., Dräger, N. M., Sattler, S. M., Holmes, B. B., Castillo, V. C., Papakis, V., Leng, K., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02997-z · Cited by 38

Phosphoinositides: Roles in the Development of Microglial-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

Ernest James Phillips, T., & Maguire, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.652593 · Cited by 33

Microglia: Activity‐dependent regulators of neural circuits

Durán Laforet, V., & Schafer, D. P. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15105 · Cited by 32

Microglia lacking a peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme chronically alter their inflammatory profile without evoking neuronal and behavioral deficits

Beckers, L., Geric, I., Stroobants, S., Beel, S., Van Damme, P., D’Hooge, R., & Baes, M. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1442-3 · Cited by 30

Haploinsufficiency of the schizophrenia and autism risk gene Cyfip1 causes abnormal postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis through microglial and Arp2/3 mediated actin dependent mechanisms

Haan, N., Westacott, L. J., Carter, J., Owen, M. J., Gray, W. P., Hall, J., & Wilkinson, L. S. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01415-6 · Cited by 29

Pathways linking Alzheimer’s disease risk genes expressed highly in microglia

Hodges, A. K., Piers, T. M., Collier, D., Cousins, O., & Pocock, J. M. (2021) · Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation · doi:10.20517/2347-8659.2020.60 · Cited by 21

Interdependence of neural network dysfunction and microglial alterations in Alzheimer’s disease-related models

Das, M., Mao, W., Shao, E., Tamhankar, S., Yu, G.-Q., Yu, X., Ho, K., Wang, X., Wang, J., & Mucke, L. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103245 · Cited by 21

The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective

Xie, Z., Meng, J., Wu, Z., Nakanishi, H., Hayashi, Y., Kong, W., Lan, F., Narengaowa, Yang, Q., Qing, H., et al. (2023) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211070273 · Cited by 19

Pu.1/Spi1 dosage controls the turnover and maintenance of microglia in zebrafish and mammals

Wu, Y., Guo, W., Kuang, H., Wu, X., Trinh, T. H., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Wen, Z., & Yu, T. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105788 · Cited by 9

Pu.1/Spi1 dosage controls the turnover and maintenance of microglia in zebrafish and mammals

Wu, Y., Guo, W., Kuang, H., Wu, X., Trinh, T. H., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Wen, Z., & Yu, T. (2023) · bioRxiv (Preprint) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.14.570333 · Cited by 1