Cited by 670Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 220 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The neural basis of reversal learning: An updated perspective

Open access
Izquierdo, A., Brigman, J.L., Radke, A.K., Rudebeck, P.H., Holmes, A.·2017·Neuroscience

Abstract

Reversal learning paradigms are among the most widely used tests of cognitive flexibility and have been used as assays, across species, for altered cognitive processes in a host of neuropsychiatric conditions. Based on recent studies in humans, non-human primates, and rodents, the notion that reversal learning tasks primarily measure response inhibition, has been revised. In this review, we describe how cognitive flexibility is measured by reversal learning and discuss new definitions of the construct validity of the task that are serving as a heuristic to guide future research in this field. We also provide an update on the available evidence implicating certain cortical and subcortical brain regions in the mediation of reversal learning, and an overview of the principal neurotransmitter systems involved.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.021

Cites

220 of 220 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Fellows, 2003, Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in humans: evidence from a reversal learning paradigm, Brain, 126, 1830, 10.1093/brain/awg180 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Furr, 2012, 5-HT2A receptors in the orbitofrontal cortex facilitate reversal learning and contribute to the beneficial cognitive effects of chronic citalopram treatment in rats, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 15, 1295, 10.1017/S1461145711001441 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Hamilton, 2014, Behavioral flexibility in rats and mice: contributions of distinct frontocortical regions, Genes Brain Behav
  4. Izquierdo, 2004, Bilateral orbital prefrontal cortex lesions in rhesus monkeys disrupt choices guided by both reward value and reward contingency, J Neurosci, 24, 7540, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1921-04.2004 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Rolls, 1994, Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 57, 1518, 10.1136/jnnp.57.12.1518 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Rygula, 2014, Role of central serotonin in anticipation of rewarding and punishing outcomes: effects of selective amygdala or orbitofrontal 5-HT depletion, Cereb Cortex
  7. Schoenbaum, 2009, A new perspective on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behaviour, Nat Rev Neurosci, 10, 885, 10.1038/nrn2753 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 670

Metadata

Authors
Izquierdo, A., Brigman, J. L., Radke, A. K., Rudebeck, P. H., & Holmes, A.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of New Mexico (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
Izquierdo, A.
Venue
Neuroscience
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-03
Volume
345
Pages
12-26
ISSN
0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2294342312
Cited by
670
References
220
Citations by year
2026: 66 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 31
FWCI
4.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • UCLA Division of Life Sciences Recruitment and Retention
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1P50AA022534-01)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
reversal learning, cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, construct validity, neural basis, cortical regions, subcortical structures, neurotransmitter systems, neuropsychiatric disorders, non-human primates, rodents
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Neurons, Reversal Learning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review