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Self-Perception Theory
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“These theories constitute that individuals have only weak inherent attitudes and rather form their attitudes by self-observations.”
From AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance (2021) · cites this paper as Bem 1972
In the citing paper
“This awareness might increase with age based on experiences with own behavior and feedback of others (Bem, 1972; Brummelman & Thomaes, 2017).”
From Emotion understanding and the moral self-concept as motivators of prosocial behavior in middle childhood (2020) · cites this paper as Bem, 1972
In the citing paper
“Cognitive-dissonance and self-perception theories suggest that by encouraging them to help solve the problem, employers help managers to think of themselves as proponents of change (Bem, 1972;Festinger, 1957;Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959;Ito et al., 2006;Mori and Mori, 2013).”
From Are Diversity Programs Merely Ceremonial? Evidence-Free Institutionalization (2017) · cites this paper as Bem, 1972
Citations
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Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
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Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model1
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250921 · Cited by 8,767
“These changes are explained by self-perception theory (Bem 1972), which posits that individuals continually adjust their perceptions (e.g., expectation) as they acquire new information about the focal behavior (by observing others and their own behaviors).”
The case for motivated reasoning.
Kunda, Z. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480 · Cited by 9,022
“Bem (1972) argued that the findings could also result from self-perception: The subjects, who have limited direct ac-”
BackgroundDeci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627 · Cited by 7,176
Social Influence: Compliance and Conformity
Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015 · Cited by 6,077
“Freedman & Fraser (1966) speculated that a major process underlying the FITD effect is one akin to self-perception (Bem 1972).”
BackgroundCore affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Russell, J. A. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.145 · Cited by 6,113
“You discover that an acquaintance is fun by having fun with him (Bem, 1972; Fazio, 1987).”
BackgroundStatus quo bias in decision making
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/bf00055564 · Cited by 5,897
“Knox and Inkster (1968) and Bern (1972). 22. Bern (1972) provides a readable survey and overview of self-perception theory.”
BackgroundBower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250951 · Cited by 4,726
“…relationship between CA and perceived usefulness derives its foundations from innate human tendencies to justify behavior Self-perception theory (Bem 1972) argues that individuals will seek to rationalize their actions and reduce cognitive dissonance (Festinger 1976) Cognitive dissonance as a…”
Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement
Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208954 · Cited by 4,610
Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00003435 · Cited by 4,481
The Intuitive Psychologist And His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process
Ross, L. (1977) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60357-3 · Cited by 4,170
The processes of causal attribution.
Kelley, H. H. (1973) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0034225 · Cited by 4,025
Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.90.4.293 · Cited by 3,991
Self-concept: validation of construct interpretations.
Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J., & Stanton, G. C. (1976) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543046003407 · Cited by 4,164
Self-schemata and processing information about the self.
Markus, H. R. (1977) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63 · Cited by 3,911
Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing.
Bem, S. L. (1981) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.4.354 · Cited by 4,408
The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization.
Amabile, T. M. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357 · Cited by 4,034
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249 · Cited by 3,732
“For instance, the person may infer her intention to exercise on the basis of the number of times she exercised last week through a process of self-perception (Bem, 1972); thus, behavior may be the cause of the reported intention rather than the other way round.”
BackgroundKarahanna, E., Straub, D. W., & Chervany, N. L. (1999) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249751 · Cited by 3,833
The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leadership: A Self-Concept Based Theory
Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.4.4.577 · Cited by 3,640
The Perceived Competence Scale for Children
Harter, S. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129640 · Cited by 3,639
“Concepts such as "self-esteem," "self-concept," and "perceived competence" have become central to formulations emerging from social learning theory (Bandura 1977), selfperception theory (Bem 1972), social cognition (Lepper & Greene 1978), and theories of competence and intrinsic motivation (de Charms 1968; Deci 1975;…”
BackgroundHeuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment
Bottom, W. P., Gilovich, T. D., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. J. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/20159081 · Cited by 3,583
Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54 · Cited by 3,480
“We suggest above that past behavior can directly inform intentions for future responses through self-perception (Bem, 1972) and cognitive consistency processes (Festinger, 1957).”
BackgroundIncentives and Prosocial Behavior
Bénabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2006) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.96.5.1652 · Cited by 3,357
Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749 · Cited by 3,311
“l See Bern (1972) for an alternative viewpoint, namely, that people know their internal states primarily through observation of their behavior and the conditions under which it occurs.”
BackgroundUnderstanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.
Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015575 · Cited by 3,257
The role of stereotyping in system‐justification and the production of false consciousness
Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.x · Cited by 3,558
“…theory (Freud, 1946), social comparison theory (e.g. Festinger, 1954; Suls & Wills, 1991), cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957; Wicklund & Brehm, 19761, self-perception theory (Bem, 1972), attribution theory (e.g. Heider, 1958; Jones, Kanouse, Kelley, Nisbett, Valins & Weiner.”
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · Cited by 3,236
“However, bivariate correlations between goal intentions and future behavior may overestimate the strength of intention–behavior relations because it is possible that future behavior and goal intentions are both determined by self‐perceptions of past behavior (Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundThe Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) · Communication and Persuasion · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1 · Cited by 3,202
Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives.
Kahneman, D. J., & Miller, D. T. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.136 · Cited by 3,247
The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance
Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.45.6.633 · Cited by 2,875
Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308316059 · Cited by 3,073
“Indeed, individuals may also use their enactments as data from which to infer their own attitudes toward the emerging identity (e.g., “I must have defended iPods because being an Apple employee is important to me”; Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundTHE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE LINK
WADDOCK, S. A., & GRAVES, S. B. (1997) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199704)18:4
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M. I.-C., & Burrows, L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.2.230 · Cited by 2,646
Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035519 · Cited by 2,559
Investor Psychology and Asset Pricing
Hirshleifer, D. A. (2001) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00379 · Cited by 2,430
Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.025 · Cited by 2,349
“Clinical versus Actuarial Judgment.”
Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2648573 · Cited by 2,298
How Habit Limits the Predictive Power of Intention: The Case of Information Systems Continuance1
Limayem, M., Hirt, S. G., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2007) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148817 · Cited by 2,450
Sternberg, R. J. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.119 · Cited by 2,614
(2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098 · Cited by 2,293
The Self-Regulation of Attitudes, Intentions, and Behavior
Bagozzi, R. P. (1992) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2786945 · Cited by 2,284
Feldman, J. M., & Lynch, J. G. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.421 · Cited by 2,070
Knee-deep in the big muddy: a study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action
Staw, B. M. (1976) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(76)90005-2 · Cited by 2,061
Sears, D. O. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515 · Cited by 2,111
Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.1.101 · Cited by 2,112
Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality
Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2016.00074 · Cited by 1,993
“The theoretical basis of Proteus Effect (Yee and Bailenson, 2007) is Self-Perception Theory [e.g., Bem (1972)], which suggests that people infer their attitudes by observing their own behaviors and the context in which these occur, and almost all the examples above do put people into behavioral…”
BackgroundBad for Practice: A Critique of the Transaction Cost Theory
Ghoshal, S., & Moran, P. (1996) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1996.9602161563 · Cited by 2,452
Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.21 · Cited by 1,897
Attribution theory and research
Kelley, H. H., & Michela, J. L. (1980) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002325 · Cited by 2,651
Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference
Grant, A. M. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24351328 · Cited by 1,951
“Furthermore, even if employees have not objectively succeeded, because they have voluntarily invested greater time and energy in their work in order to benefit others, they are likely to justify their efforts as successful (Bem, 1972; Festinger, 1957).”
BackgroundThe weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence
Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (1992) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90013-r · Cited by 1,866
Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?
Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076486 · Cited by 2,575
“While most discussions of self-serving biases in perception of causality have assumed their existence, some authors have questioned the principle's theoretical and empirical underpinnings (Bern, 1972; Kelley, 1971).”
BackgroundHettema, J., Steele, J., & Miller, W. R. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143833 · Cited by 1,803
Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment.
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.004 · Cited by 3,476
The Proteus Effect: The Effect of Transformed Self-Representation on Behavior
Yee, N., & Bailenson, J. (2007) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00299.x · Cited by 2,126
“Bem (1972) has argued that people observe their own behaviors to understand what attitudes may have caused them (i.e., self-perception theory).”
BackgroundWhat do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior.
Vallacher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.1.3 · Cited by 1,802
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.1.69 · Cited by 1,727
Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?
Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441 · Cited by 1,692
Toward a theory of motivational interviewing
Miller, W. R., & Rose, G. S. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0016830 · Cited by 1,603
Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice.
Plant, E. A., & Devine, P. G. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.811 · Cited by 1,689
“To the extent that nonprejudiced responses come to be generated consistently and do not appear to be under situational constraints, these individuals may infer that their behavior reflects their underlying attitudes (Bern, 1972).”
BackgroundA unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept.
Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.3 · Cited by 1,701
“The set of competitors included Bem’s (1972) self-perception theory, Jones and Davis’s (1965) correspondent inference theory, Tedeschi, Schlenker, and Bonoma’s (1971) impression management theory, and especially Kelley’s (1967) attribution theory, which was itself profoundly shaped by Heider’s work.”
BackgroundConsumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research
Holbrook, M. B. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,527
Category accessibility and impression formation
Higgins, E. T., Rholes, W. S., & Jones, C. R. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(77)80007-3 · Cited by 1,502
A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface.
Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.843 · Cited by 1,470
“When internal causal states are weak, ambiguous, or uninterpretable, people may be forced to draw inferences about such states from their own behavior and other external cues (Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundGaze and eye contact: a research review
Kleinke, C. L. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.100.1.78 · Cited by 1,455
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.5 · Cited by 2,127
“Another framework that could be applied here is self-perception theory (Bern, 1972).”
BackgroundShafir, E. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90034-s · Cited by 1,453
The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values
Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S., & Knafo, A. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202289008 · Cited by 1,506
“Selfperception theory (Bem, 1972) might suggest that traits influence values because people infer what is important to them from their consistent (trait-expressive) behavior.”
BackgroundEase of retrieval as information: another look at the availability heuristic
Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.195 · Cited by 1,412
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(02)80008-9 · Cited by 1,386
“Thus, for example, the dissonance versus self-perception debate (Bem, 1972) pitted against each other motivational (i.e., dissonance) versus cognitive (i.e., self-perception) explanations of attitude change phenomena.”
BackgroundBrockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.2.189 · Cited by 1,368
“According to selfperception theory (Bern, 1972), individuals infer their attitudes by observing their behavior and the context in which the behavior occurs.”
BackgroundThe empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60130-6 · Cited by 1,352
On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach
Funder, D. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.4.652 · Cited by 1,342
“In the past, some social psychologists have treated self-perception as essentially a special case of the process of other perception (Bern, 1972).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model
Pachankis, J. E. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328 · Cited by 1,305
On the motivational nature of cognitive dissonance: Dissonance as psychological discomfort.
Elliot, A. J., & Devine, P. G. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.382 · Cited by 1,289
Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer
McAdam, D. (1986) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228463 · Cited by 2,203
“However , as self-perception theory (Bem 1972) and the research on identity transformation suggest, it is precisely these tentative forays into new roles that pave the way for more thoroughgoing identity changes.”
BackgroundThe Advantages of an Inclusive Definition of Attitude
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.582 · Cited by 1,258
“The idea that attitudes derive from behavioral responses has appeared in varying forms, including dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957) and self–perception theory (Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundIdentity negotiation: Where two roads meet.
Swann, W. B. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1038 · Cited by 1,270
Direct Experience And Attitude-Behavior Consistency
Fázio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1981) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60372-x · Cited by 1,248
A Stakeholder Approach to Organizational Identity
Scott, S. G., & Lane, V. R. (2000) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791602 · Cited by 1,488
“When stakeholder behaviors are supportive of an organization's goals and actions, they strengthen managers' perceptions of organizational identity in a direction congruent with desired organizational images, and they become more resistant to change (Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundInfluentialAI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance
Adam, M., Wessel, M., & Benlian, A. (2021) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00414-7 · Cited by 1,195
“Providers use small initial requests and follow up with larger commitments to exploit users ’ self-perceptions (Bem 1972) and attempt to trigger consistent behavior when users decide whether to fulfill a larger, more obliging request, which the users would otherwise not.”
BackgroundSupport theory: a nonextensional representation of subjective probability
Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.547 · Cited by 1,167
Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review
Collins, N. L., & Miller, L. C. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.457 · Cited by 1,621
Amabile, T. M. (1993) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/1053-4822(93)90012-s · Cited by 1,150
Psychological status of the script concept.
Abelson, R. P. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.7.715 · Cited by 1,743
Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question.
Bradley, G. W. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.1.56 · Cited by 1,141
When people ask "why" questions, and the heuristics of attributional search.
Wong, P. T. P., & Weiner, B. L. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.40.4.650 · Cited by 1,096
“But there is little or no published evidence to substantiate this claim (Bern, 1972; Wortman & Dintzer, 1978).”
Backgroundde Groot, J. I. M., & Steg, L. (2009) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.3200/socp.149.4.425-449 · Cited by 1,166
“For example, self-perception theory proposes that people construct their beliefs on the basis of how they behave toward an object (Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundHaws, K. L., Winterich, K. P., & Reczek, R. W. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.11.002 · Cited by 1,234
“…green consumption values may also develop from behaviors that lead to the perception that one is a green consumer not because they have strong green consumption values but because they observe their engagement in environmentallyfriendly behaviors, consistent with self-perception theory (Bem, 1972).”
InfluentialForming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation.
Glasman, L. R., & Albarracín, D. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.778 · Cited by 1,459
“This approach, for example, controls for the alternative hypothesis that the attitudes people report more quickly derive from past behavioral performances in that domain (see Bem, 1972).”
BackgroundThe Hot Hand in Basketball: On the Misperception of Random Sequences
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(85)90010-6 · Cited by 1,649
Ross, L., Lepper, M. R., & Hubbard, M. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880 · Cited by 1,052
Ross, L. D., Lepper, M. R., & HUBBARD, M. L. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.32.5.880 · Cited by 1,052
Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T., & Eberly, M. B. (2008) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/19416520802211552 · Cited by 1,061
“, Bentein et al., 2005). Additionally, sophisticated human resources information systems can easily capture variables of interest in the overall turnover framework more readily than in the past (e.g., recruitment source, selection scores, socialization activities experienced, performance appraisals, training and devel…”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Bem, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bem, Daryl J.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1972
- Pages
- 1-62
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1748197048
- Cited by
- 5,241
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 182 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 191 · 2022: 149 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 237 · 2019: 203 · 2018: 202 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 181 · 2015: 157 · 2014: 186 · 2013: 196 · 2012: 164
- FWCI
- 600.16
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- self-perception theory, self-attribution, cognitive dissonance, interpersonal perception, functional analysis
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