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A Review on MXene Synthesis, Stability, and Photocatalytic Applications
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting, CO 2 reduction, and pollutant degradation have emerged as promising strategies to remedy the existing environmental and energy crises. However, grafting of expensive and less abundant noble-metal cocatalysts on photocatalyst materials is a mandatory practice to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performance owing to the ability of the cocatalysts to extract electrons efficiently from the photocatalyst and enable rapid/enhanced catalytic reaction. Hence, developing highly efficient, inexpensive, and noble-metal-free cocatalysts composed of earth-abundant elements is considered as a noteworthy step toward considering photocatalysis as a more economical strategy. Recently, MXenes (two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have shown huge potential as alternatives for noble-metal cocatalysts. MXenes have several excellent properties, including atomically thin 2D morphology, metallic electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surface, and high specific surface area. In addition, they exhibit Gibbs free energy of intermediate H atom adsorption as close to zero and less than that of a commercial Pt-based cocatalyst, a Fermi level position above the H 2 generation potential, and an excellent ability to capture and activate CO 2 molecules. Therefore, there is a growing interest in MXene-based photocatalyst materials for various photocatalytic events. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the synthesis of MXenes with 2D and 0D morphologies, the stability of MXenes, and MXene-based photocatalysts for H 2 evolution, CO 2 reduction, and pollutant degradation. The existing challenges and the possible future directions to enhance the photocatalytic performance of MXene-based photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Cited by
Huang, H., Chen, Z., Yang, Y., Lin, Y., Fan, Y., Wu, X., Ji, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, C., Yu, Y., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202414298 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Murali, G., Reddy Modigunta, J. K., Park, Y. H., Lee, J.-H., Rawal, J., Lee, S.-Y., In, I., & Park, S.-J.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-09-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 13370-13429
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W4295879529
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 401
- FWCI
- 34.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
