Cited by 600Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Self‐image resilience and dissonance: The role of affirmational resources

Steele, Claude M., Spencer, Steven J., Lynch, Michael·1993·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

It was predicted that high self-esteem Ss (HSEs) would rationalize an esteem-threatening decision less than low self-esteem Ss (LSEs), because HSEs presumably had more favorable self-concepts with which to affirm, and thus repair, their overall sense of self-integrity. This prediction was supported in 2 experiments within the "free-choice" dissonance paradigm--one that manipulated self-esteem through personality feedback and the other that varied it through selection of HSEs and LSEs, but only when Ss were made to focus on their self-concepts. A 3rd experiment countered an alternative explanation of the results in terms of mood effects that may have accompanied the experimental manipulations. The results were discussed in terms of the following: (a) their support for a resources theory of individual differences in resilience to self-image threats--an extension of self-affirmation theory, (b) their implications for self-esteem functioning, and (c) their implications for the continuing debate over self-enhancement versus self-consistency motivation.

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Authors: Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Lynch, M.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Spencer, Steven J.
Lynch, Michael
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1993
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Pages: 885-896
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.885
OpenAlex: W1996343423
Cited by: 600
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 9.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: self-esteem, cognitive dissonance, self-affirmation, self-concept, self-integrity, personality feedback, self-enhancement, individual differences
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Dissociative Disorders, Feedback, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Personality Development, Personality Inventory, Self Concept, Social Support

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Self‐image resilience and dissonance: The role of affirmational resources

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