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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind.
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Dual-process theories of the mind are ubiquitous in psychology. A central principle of these theories is that behavior is determined by the interplay of automatic and controlled processing. In this article, the authors examine individual differences in the capacity to control attention as a major contributor to differences in working memory capacity (WMC). The authors discuss the enormous implications of this individual difference for a host of dual-process theories in social, personality, cognitive, and clinical psychology. In addition, the authors propose several new areas of investigation that derive directly from applying the concept of WMC to dual-process theories of the mind.
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“Importantly, executive attention need not be volitional or effortful and can operate well before subjective experience is generated (Barrett et al. 2004).”
From The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review (2012) · cites this paper as Barrett et al. 2004
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“Executive attention is the fourth operation that is particular to our psychological constructionist approach (Barrett 2009a; Barrett et al. 2004).”
From The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review (2012) · cites this paper as Barrett et al. 2004
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“WM capacity is closely correlated with other higher-order cognitive functions such as fluid intelligence, abstract reasoning, and reading comprehension [3].”
From Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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“I am saying that in humans, actual executive control (e.g. via the frontoparietal control network in primates) and the experience of feeling in control are not synonymous (Barrett et al., 2004).”
From The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization (2016) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2004
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“These findings align with a dual-process model of emotion regulation with top-down prefrontal controlled processes and bottom-up, automatic limbic activation (Barrett et al., 2004).”
From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2004
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“For example, egalitarian individuals higher in WMC may not experience stereotype activation automatically (e.g., Devine, 1989; Wittenbrink et al., 1997), whereas egalitarian individuals lower in WMC may experience automatic activation of their stereotyped categories because they 562 FELDMAN BARRETT, TUGADE, AND ENGLE”
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“We hypothesize that executive attention helps determine which representations are utilized to make meaning of that state, and which are suppressed (cf. Barrett 2009b; see Barrett et al. 2004, for a discussion).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 553-573
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC1351135
- OpenAlex
- W2133991911
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 290
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 34.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH064267, K02MH001981, F32-MH64267)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- working memory capacity, dual-process theory, individual differences, automatic and controlled processing, attentional control, cognitive control, personality psychology, social psychology, clinical psychology
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Memory, Motivation, Psychological Theory
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