Regenerating CNS myelin — from mechanisms to experimental medicines

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971

Multiple sclerosis

Compston, A., & Coles, A. J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61620-7 · Cited by 4,699

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

The International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium & The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10251 · Cited by 2,697

A glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium

RAFF, M. C., Miller, R. H., & Noble, M. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/303390a0 · Cited by 2,030

M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination

Miron, V. E., Boyd, A., Zhao, J.-W., Yuen, T. J., Ruckh, J. M., Shadrach, J. L., van Wijngaarden, P., Wagers, A. J., Williams, A., Franklin, R. J. M., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3469 · Cited by 1,777

Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration

Lee, Y., Morrison, B. M., Li, Y., Lengacher, S., Farah, M. H., Hoffman, P. N., Liu, Y., Tsingalia, A., Jin, L., Zhang, P.-W., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11314 · Cited by 1,664

Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy

Franklin, R. J. M., & ffrench-Constant, C. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2480 · Cited by 1,544

Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity

Fünfschilling, U., Supplie, L. M., Mahad, D., Boretius, S., Saab, A. S., Edgar, J., Brinkmann, B. G., Kassmann, C. M., Tzvetanova, I. D., Möbius, W., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11007 · Cited by 1,523

Update on the Autoimmune Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis: B-Cells as Disease-Drivers and Therapeutic Targets

von Büdingen, H. ‐., Palanichamy, A., Lehmann‐Horn, K., Michel, B., & Zamvil, S. S. (2015) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000377675 · Cited by 1,475

Neuronal activity promotes oligodendrogenesis and adaptive myelination in the mammalian brain

Gibson, E. M., Purger, D., Mount, C. W., Goldstein, A. K., Lin, G. L., Wood, L. S., Inema, I., Miller, S. E., Bieri, G., Zuchero, J. B., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1252304 · Cited by 1,472

Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces

Goldmann, T., Wieghofer, P., Jordão, M. J. C., Prutek, F., Hagemeyer, N., Frenzel, K., Amann, L., Staszewski, O., Kierdorf, K., Krueger, M., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3423 · Cited by 1,209

Motor skill learning requires active central myelination

McKenzie, I. A., Ohayon, D., Li, H., Paes de Faria, J., Emery, B., Tohyama, K., & Richardson, W. D. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1254960 · Cited by 1,177

Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus

Bergles, D. E., Roberts, J. D. B., Somogyi, P., & Jahr, C. E. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35012083 · Cited by 1,062

PDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice

Rivers, L. E., Young, K. M., Rizzi, M., Jamen, F., Psachoulia, K., Wade, A., Kessaris, N., & Richardson, W. D. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2220 · Cited by 961

Axonal Neuregulin-1 Regulates Myelin Sheath Thickness

Michailov, G. V., Sereda, M. W., Brinkmann, B. G., Fischer, T. M., Haug, B., Birchmeier, C., Role, L. W., Lai, C., Schwab, M. H., & Nave, K. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095862 · Cited by 940

Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Kornek, B., Storch, M. K., Weissert, R., Wallstroem, E., Stefferl, A., Olsson, T. P., Linington, C., Schmidbauer, M., & Lassmann, H. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64537-3 · Cited by 935

NG2-expressing glial progenitor cells: an abundant and widespread population of cycling cells in the adult rat CNS

Dawson, M. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00210-0 · Cited by 927

Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling

Young, K. M., Psachoulia, K., Tripathi, R. B., Dunn, S.-J., Cossell, L., Attwell, D., Tohyama, K., & Richardson, W. D. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.006 · Cited by 919

Neurotransmitter-Triggered Transfer of Exosomes Mediates Oligodendrocyte–Neuron Communication

Frühbeis, C., Fröhlich, D., Kuo, W. P., Amphornrat, J., Thilemann, S., Saab, A. S., Kirchhoff, F., Möbius, W., Goebbels, S., Nave, K.-A., et al. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001604 · Cited by 902

Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients

Dutta, R., McDonough, J., Yin, X., Peterson, J. W., Chang, A., Torres, T., Gudz, T. I., Macklin, W. B., Lewis, D., Fox, R., et al. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20736 · Cited by 881

Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity

Nishiyama, A., Komitova, M., Suzuki, R., & Zhu, X. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2495 · Cited by 865

Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis

Kuhlmann, T., Miron, V., Cuo, Q., Wegner, C., Antel, J., & Bruck, W. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn096 · Cited by 864

Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis?

Franklin, R. J. M. (2002) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn917 · Cited by 862

Differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the inflamed central nervous system

Yamasaki, R., Lu, H., Butovsky, O., Ohno, N., Rietsch, A. M., Cialic, R., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., Lin, J., Cotleur, A. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20132477 · Cited by 856

Oligodendrocyte progenitors balance growth with self-repulsion to achieve homeostasis in the adult brain

Hughes, E. G., Kang, S. H., Fukaya, M., & Bergles, D. E. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3390 · Cited by 808

Remyelination is extensive in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients

Patrikios, P., Stadelmann, C., Kutzelnigg, A., Rauschka, H., Schmidbauer, M., Laursen, H., Sorensen, P. S., Bruck, W., Lucchinetti, C., & Lassmann, H. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl217 · Cited by 807

Proliferation and Differentiation of Progenitor Cells Throughout the Intact Adult Rat Spinal Cord

Horner, P. J., Power, A. E., Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H. G., Palmer, T. D., Winkler, J., Thal, L. J., & Gage, F. H. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-06-02218.2000 · Cited by 777

Myelin Impairs CNS Remyelination by Inhibiting Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation

Kotter, M. R., Li, W.-W., Zhao, C., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2615-05.2006 · Cited by 768

NG2-Positive Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in Adult Human Brain and Multiple Sclerosis Lesions

Chang, A., Nishiyama, A., Peterson, J. W., Prineas, J. W., & Trapp, B. D. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-17-06404.2000 · Cited by 711

Notch Receptor Activation Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Wang, S., Sdrulla, A. D., diSibio, G., Bush, G., Nofziger, D., Hicks, C. D., Weinmaster, G., & Barres, B. A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80515-2 · Cited by 706

Impaired adult myelination in the prefrontal cortex of socially isolated mice

Liu, J., Dietz, K., DeLoyht, J. M., Pedre, X., Kelkar, D., Kaur, J., Vialou, V., Lobo, M. K., Dietz, D. M., Nestler, E. J., et al. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3263 · Cited by 685

CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination

Zawadzka, M., Rivers, L. E., Fancy, S. P. J., Zhao, C., Tripathi, R., Jamen, F., Young, K., Goncharevich, A., Pohl, H., Rizzi, M., et al. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.002 · Cited by 650

Rejuvenation of Regeneration in the Aging Central Nervous System

Ruckh, J. M., Zhao, J.-W., Shadrach, J. L., van Wijngaarden, P., Rao, T. N., Wagers, A. J., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2012) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.11.019 · Cited by 649

Myelination and the trophic support of long axons

Nave, K.-A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2797 · Cited by 648

LINGO-1 negatively regulates myelination by oligodendrocytes

Mi, S., Miller, R. H., Lee, X., Scott, M. L., Shulag-Morskaya, S., Shao, Z., Chang, J., Thill, G., Levesque, M., Zhang, M., et al. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1460 · Cited by 628

The Age-Related Decrease in CNS Remyelination Efficiency Is Attributable to an Impairment of Both Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Recruitment and Differentiation

Sim, F. J., Zhao, C., Penderis, J., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-07-02451.2002 · Cited by 625

Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS

Fancy, S. P. J., Baranzini, S. E., Zhao, C., Yuk, D.-I., Irvine, K.-A., Kaing, S., Sanai, N., Franklin, R. J. M., & Rowitch, D. H. (2009) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1806309 · Cited by 618

Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation

Back, S. A., Tuohy, T. M. F., Chen, H., Wallingford, N., Craig, A., Struve, J., Luo, N. L., Banine, F., Liu, Y., Chang, A., et al. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1279 · Cited by 612

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study

Connick, P., Kolappan, M., Crawley, C. R., Webber, D. J., Patani, R., Michell, A. W., Du, M., Luan, S., Altmann, D. R., Thompson, A. J., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70305-2 · Cited by 611

Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis

Mei, F., Fancy, S. P. J., Shen, Y. A., Niu, J., Zhao, C., Presley, B., Miao, E., Lee, S., Mayoral, S. R., Redmond, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3618 · Cited by 595

Inefficient clearance of myelin debris by microglia impairs remyelinating processes

Lampron, A., Larochelle, A., Laflamme, N., Préfontaine, P., Plante, M.-M., Sánchez, M. G., Yong, V. W., Stys, P. K., Tremblay, M.-È., & Rivest, S. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20141656 · Cited by 595

Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial

Green, A. J., Gelfand, J. M., Cree, B. A., Bevan, C., Boscardin, W. J., Mei, F., Inman, J., Arnow, S., Devereux, M., Abounasr, A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32346-2 · Cited by 593

Human iPSC-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Can Myelinate and Rescue a Mouse Model of Congenital Hypomyelination

Wang, S., Bates, J., Li, X., Schanz, S., Chandler-Militello, D., Levine, C., Maherali, N., Studer, L., Hochedlinger, K., Windrem, M., et al. (2013) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.002 · Cited by 586

Multiple sclerosis: Remyelination of nascent lesions: Remyelination of nascent lesions

Prineas, J. W., Barnard, R. O., Kwon, E. E., Sharer, L. R., & Cho, E. ‐. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410330203 · Cited by 574

Chronic stage multiple sclerosis lesions contain a relatively quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Wolswijk, G. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-02-00601.1998 · Cited by 562

Myelin gene regulatory factor is a critical transcriptional regulator required for CNS myelination

Emery, B., Agalliu, D., Cahoy, J. D., Watkins, T. A., Dugas, J. C., Mulinyawe, S. B., Ibrahim, A., Ligon, K. L., Rowitch, D. H., & Barres, B. A. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.031 · Cited by 559

Pathophysiology of the brain extracellular matrix: a new target for remyelination

Lau, L. W., Cua, R., Keough, M. B., Haylock-Jacobs, S., & Yong, V. W. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3550 · Cited by 549

Retinoid X receptor gamma signaling accelerates CNS remyelination

Huang, J. K., Jarjour, A. A., Nait Oumesmar, B., Kerninon, C., Williams, A., Krezel, W., Kagechika, H., Bauer, J., Zhao, C., Evercooren, A. B.-V., et al. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2702 · Cited by 547

Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis

Confavreux, C., & Vukusic, S. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh714 · Cited by 544

Dynamics of Oligodendrocyte Generation and Myelination in the Human Brain

Yeung, M. S. Y., Zdunek, S., Bergmann, O., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Alkass, K., Perl, S., Tisdale, J., Possnert, G., Brundin, L., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.011 · Cited by 541

Regulatory T cells promote myelin regeneration in the central nervous system

Dombrowski, Y., O'Hagan, T., Dittmer, M., Penalva, R., Mayoral, S. R., Bankhead, P., Fleville, S., Eleftheriadis, G., Zhao, C., Naughton, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4528 · Cited by 533

A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Deshmukh, V. A., Tardif, V., Lyssiotis, C. A., Green, C. C., Kerman, B., Kim, H. J., Padmanabhan, K., Swoboda, J. G., Ahmad, I., Kondo, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12647 · Cited by 531

Age-dependent epigenetic control of differentiation inhibitors is critical for remyelination efficiency

Shen, S., Sandoval, J., Swiss, V. A., Li, J., Dupree, J. L., Franklin, R. J. M., & Casaccia‐Bonnefil, P. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2172 · Cited by 499

Multiple sclerosis: Re-expression of a developmental pathway that restricts oligodendrocyte maturation

John, G. R., Shankar, S. L., Shafit‐Zagardo, B., Massimi, A. B., Lee, S. C., Raine, C. S., & Brosnan, C. F. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm781 · Cited by 481

Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in multiple sclerosis

Dutta, R., & Trapp, B. D. (2010) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.09.005 · Cited by 475

Synaptic signaling between GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus

Lin, S.-C., & Bergles, D. E. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1162 · Cited by 474

A quantitative analysis of oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions

Lucchinetti, C., Brück, W., Parisi, J., Scheithauer, B., Rodriguez, M., & Lassmann, H. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.12.2279 · Cited by 464

Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain

Windrem, M. S., Nunes, M. C., Rashbaum, W. K., Schwartz, T. H., Goodman, R. A., McKhann, G., Roy, N. S., & Goldman, S. A. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm974 · Cited by 451

Vitamin D and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Mokry, L. E., Ross, S., Ahmad, O. S., Forgetta, V., Smith, G. D., Leong, A., Greenwood, C. M. T., Thanassoulis, G., & Richards, J. B. (2015) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001866 · Cited by 445

Neuregulin-1/ErbB Signaling Serves Distinct Functions in Myelination of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System

Brinkmann, B. G., Agarwal, A., Sereda, M. W., Garratt, A. N., Müller, T. H., Wende, H., Stassart, R. M., Nawaz, S., Humml, C., Velanac, V., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.028 · Cited by 440

Oligodendrocyte-Encoded HIF Function Couples Postnatal Myelination and White Matter Angiogenesis

Yuen, T. J., Silbereis, J. C., Griveau, A., Chang, S. M., Daneman, R., Fancy, S. P. J., Zahed, H., Maltepe, E., & Rowitch, D. H. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.052 · Cited by 433

Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo

Najm, F. J., Madhavan, M., Zaremba, A., Shick, E., Karl, R. T., Factor, D. C., Miller, T. E., Nevin, Z. S., Kantor, C., Sargent, A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14335 · Cited by 424

Proliferation of NG2-Positive Cells and Altered Oligodendrocyte Numbers in the Contused Rat Spinal Cord

McTigue, D. M., Wei, P., & Stokes, B. T. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-03392.2001 · Cited by 423

Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration

Irvine, K. A., & Blakemore, W. F. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn080 · Cited by 420

Remyelination capacity of the MS brain decreases with disease chronicity

Goldschmidt, T., Antel, J., König, F. B., Brück, W., & Kuhlmann, T. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a8260a · Cited by 411

Differentiation and death of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in developing rodent brain

Trapp, B. D., Nishiyama, A., Cheng, D., & Macklin, W. (1997) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.137.2.459 · Cited by 395

Proliferating bipotential glial progenitor cells in adult rat optic nerve

ffrench‐Constant, C., & RAFF, M. C. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319499a0 · Cited by 385

Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination

Kotter, M. R., Setzu, A., Sim, F. J., Van Rooijen, N., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2001) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.1085 · Cited by 385

Astrocytes regulate myelin clearance through recruitment of microglia during cuprizone-induced demyelination

Skripuletz, T., Hackstette, D., Bauer, K., Gudi, V., Pul, R., Voss, E., Berger, K., Kipp, M., Baumgärtner, W., & Stangel, M. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws262 · Cited by 376

CNS Myelin Sheath Lengths Are an Intrinsic Property of Oligodendrocytes

Bechler, M. E., Byrne, L. M., & ffrench‐Constant, C. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.056 · Cited by 372

Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2

Sloane, J. A., Batt, C. E., Ma, Y. C., Harris, Z. M., Trapp, B. D., & Vartanian, T. K. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006496107 · Cited by 371

F3/Contactin Acts as a Functional Ligand for Notch during Oligodendrocyte Maturation

Hu, Q., Ang, B.-T., Karsak, M., Hu, W.-P., Cui, X., Duka, T., Takeda, Y., Chia, W., Sankar, N., Ng, Y., et al. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00810-9 · Cited by 367

Constitutively active Akt induces enhanced myelination in the CNS

Flores, A. I., Narayanan, S. P., Morse, E. N., Shick, H. E., Yin, X., Kidd, G., Avila, R. L., Kirschner, D. A., & Macklin, W. B. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0150-08.2008 · Cited by 361

Neuregulin and BDNF Induce a Switch to NMDA Receptor-Dependent Myelination by Oligodendrocytes

Lundgaard, I., Luzhynskaya, A., Stockley, J. H., Wang, Z., Evans, K. A., Swire, M., Volbracht, K., Gautier, H. O. B., Franklin, R. J. M., ffrench‐Constant, C., et al. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001743 · Cited by 351

Axin2 as regulatory and therapeutic target in newborn brain injury and remyelination

Fancy, S. P. J., Harrington, E. P., Yuen, T. J., Silbereis, J. C., Zhao, C., Baranzini, S. E., Bruce, C. C., Otero, J. J., Huang, E. J., Nusse, R., et al. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2855 · Cited by 349

Stem cells and healthy aging

Goodell, M. A., & Rando, T. A. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab3388 · Cited by 347

Platelet-derived growth factor regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor numbers in adult CNS and their response following CNS demyelination

Woodruff, R. H., Fruttiger, M., Richardson, W. D., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2003.10.014 · Cited by 335

CNS Myelin Wrapping Is Driven by Actin Disassembly

Zuchero, J. B., Fu, M.-M., Sloan, S. A., Ibrahim, A., Olson, A., Zaremba, A., Dugas, J. C., Wienbar, S., Caprariello, A. V., Kantor, C., et al. (2015) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.011 · Cited by 335

Central remyelination restores secure conduction

Smith, K. J., Blakemore, W. F., & MCDONALD, W. I. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/280395a0 · Cited by 332

Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression

Kotter, M. R., Zhao, C., van Rooijen, N., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2005) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.019 · Cited by 331

Persistent 7-tesla phase rim predicts poor outcome in new multiple sclerosis patient lesions

Absinta, M., Sati, P., Schindler, M., Leibovitch, E. C., Ohayon, J., Wu, T., Meani, A., Filippi, M., Jacobson, S., Cortese, I. C. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci86198 · Cited by 327

Remyelination can be extensive in multiple sclerosis despite a long disease course

Patani, R., Balaratnam, M. S., Vora, A., & Reynolds, R. (2007) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00805.x · Cited by 325

Accelerated remyelination during inflammatory demyelination prevents axonal loss and improves functional recovery

Mei, F., Lehmann‐Horn, K., Shen, Y. A., Rankin, K. A., Stebbins, K. J., Lorrain, D. S., Pekarek, K. L., Sagan, S. A., Xiao, L., Teuscher, C., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.18246 · Cited by 325

Neonatal Chimerization with Human Glial Progenitor Cells Can Both Remyelinate and Rescue the Otherwise Lethally Hypomyelinated Shiverer Mouse

Windrem, M. S., Schanz, S. J., Guo, M., Tian, G.-F., Washco, V., Stanwood, N. L., Rasband, M. N., Roy, N. S., Nedergaard, M., Havton, L. A., et al. (2008) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.03.020 · Cited by 319

Neuronal activity regulates remyelination via glutamate signalling to oligodendrocyte progenitors

Gautier, H. O. B., Evans, K. A., Volbracht, K., James, R., Sitnikov, S., Lundgaard, I., James, F., Lao‐Peregrín, C., Reynolds, R., Franklin, R. J. M., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9518 · Cited by 316

Increased expression of Nkx2.2 and Olig2 identifies reactive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells responding to demyelination in the adult CNS

Fancy, S. P. J., Zhao, C., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2004.06.015 · Cited by 302

Promotion of central nervous system remyelination by induced differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Mi, S., Miller, R. H., Tang, W., Lee, X., Hu, B., Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Shields, C. B., Zhang, Y., Miklasz, S., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21581 · Cited by 300

NG2-glia as multipotent neural stem cells: fact or fantasy?

Richardson, W. D., Young, K. M., Tripathi, R. B., & McKenzie, I. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.013 · Cited by 300

Insufficient OPC migration into demyelinated lesions is a cause of poor remyelination in MS and mouse models

Boyd, A. L., Zhang, H., & Williams, A. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1112-y · Cited by 298

Demyelination Causes Adult CNS Progenitors to Revert to an Immature State and Express Immune Cues That Support Their Migration

Moyon, S., Dubessy, A., Aigrot, M. S., Trotter, M. W. B., Huang, J. K., Dauphinot, L., Potier, M., Kerninon, C., Parsadaniantz, S. M., Franklin, R. J. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0849-14.2015 · Cited by 295

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

Witte, M. E., Mahad, D., Lassmann, H., & van Horssen, J. (2013) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.11.007 · Cited by 286

Neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis

Franklin, R. J. M., ffrench‐Constant, C., Edgar, J. M., & Smith, K. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.200 · Cited by 285

Activation and Proliferation of Endogenous Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells during Ethidium Bromide-Induced Demyelination

Levine, J. M., & Reynolds, R. (1999) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7224 · Cited by 282

NG2 glia generate new oligodendrocytes but few astrocytes in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of demyelinating disease

Tripathi, R. B., Rivers, L. E., Young, K. M., Jamen, F., & Richardson, W. D. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3411-10.2010 · Cited by 277

Neural Stem Cell Engraftment and Myelination in the Human Brain

Gupta, N. M., Henry, R. G., Strober, J. B., Kang, S., Lim, D. A., Bucci, M., Caverzasi, E., Gaetano, L., Mandelli, M. L., Ryan, T., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004373 · Cited by 277

Adult neural precursor cells from the subventricular zone contribute significantly to oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination

Xing, Y. L., Röth, P. T., Stratton, J. A. S., Chuang, B. H. A., Danne, J., Ellis, S. L., Ng, S. W., Kilpatrick, T. J., & Merson, T. D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3491-13.2014 · Cited by 275

Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in acute optic neuritis (RENEW): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Cadavid, D., Balcer, L. J., Galetta, S. L., Aktaş, O., Ziemssen, T., Vanopdenbosch, L. J., Frederiksen, J. L., Skeen, M. B., Jaffe, G. J., Butzkueven, H., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30377-5 · Cited by 274

Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of axons

Morrison, B. M., Lee, Y., & Rothstein, J. D. (2013) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.007 · Cited by 262

Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation is perturbed in the absence of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1Preprint

Casaccia‐Bonnefil, P., Tikoo, R., Kiyokawa, H., Friedrich, V. L., Chao, M. V., & Koff, A. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.18.2335 · Cited by 252

Cannabinoids inhibit LPS-inducible cytokine mRNA expression in rat microglial cells

Puffenbarger, R. A., Boothe, A. C., & Cabral, G. A. (2000) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000101)29:1 · Cited by 248

Dynamic I maging of I ndividual R emyelination P rofiles in M ultiple S clerosis

Bodini, B., Veronese, M., García-Lorenzo, D., Battaglini, M., Poirion, É., Chardain, A., Freeman, L. A., Louapre, C., Tchikviladzé, M., Papeix, C., et al. (2016) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24620 · Cited by 247

An Oligovascular Niche: Cerebral Endothelial Cells Promote the Survival and Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells

Arai, K., & Lo, E. H. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0035-09.2009 · Cited by 246

Generation and isolation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Douvaras, P., & Fossati, V. (2015) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.075 · Cited by 240

The geometric and spatial constraints of the microenvironment induce oligodendrocyte differentiation

Rosenberg, S., Kelland, E. E., Tokar, E., Torre, A. R. D. L., & Chan, J. R. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0805640105 · Cited by 240

CXCR4 promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination

Patel, J. R., McCandless, E. E., Dorsey, D., & Klein, R. S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006301107 · Cited by 231

Differentiation-defective phenotypes revealed by large-scale analyses of human pluripotent stem cells

Koyanagi‐Aoi, M., Ohnuki, M., Takahashi, K., Okita, K., Noma, H., Sawamura, Y., Teramoto, I., Narita, M., Sato, Y., Ichisaka, T., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319061110 · Cited by 231

Extensive remyelination of the CNS leads to functional recovery

Duncan, I. D., Brower, A., Kondo, Y., Curlee, J. F., & Schultz, R. D. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812500106 · Cited by 227

Retinoid X receptor activation reverses age-related deficiencies in myelin debris phagocytosis and remyelination

Natrajan, M. S., de la Fuente, A. G., Crawford, A. H., Linehan, E., Núñez, V., Johnson, K. R., Wu, T., Fitzgerald, D. C., Ricote, M., Bielekova, B., et al. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv289 · Cited by 225

Quantifying the early stages of remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

Stidworthy, M. F., Genoud, S., Suter, U., Mantei, N., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2003) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00032.x · Cited by 224

Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Modulate the Neuronal Network by Activity-Dependent Ectodomain Cleavage of Glial NG2

Sakry, D., Neitz, A., Singh, J. B., Frischknecht, R., Marongiu, D., Binamé, F., Perera, S. S., Endres, K., Lutz, B., Radyushkin, K., et al. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001993 · Cited by 223

A new focal EAE model of cortical demyelination: Multiple sclerosis-like lesions with rapid resolution of inflammation and extensive remyelination

Merkler, D. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl135 · Cited by 222

Intracellular signaling pathway regulation of myelination and remyelination in the CNS

Gaesser, J. M., & Fyffe-Maricich, S. L. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.008 · Cited by 217

An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination

Keough, M. B., Rogers, J. A., Zhang, P., Jensen, S. K., Stephenson, E. L., Chen, T., Hurlbert, M. G., Lau, L. W., Rawji, K. S., Plemel, J. R., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11312 · Cited by 217

Myelinated nerve fibers: computed effect of myelin thickness on conduction velocity

Rs, S., & Koles, Z. J. (1970) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.5.1256 · Cited by 215

Imaging central nervous system myelin by positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis using [methyl‐ 11 C]‐2‐(4′‐methylaminophenyl)‐ 6‐hydroxybenzothiazole

Stankoff, B., Freeman, L. A., Aigrot, M., Chardain, A., Dollé, F., Williams, A., Galanaud, D., Armand, L., Lehéricy, S., Lubetzki, C., et al. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22320 · Cited by 214

Genetic and Stress-Induced Loss of NG2 Glia Triggers Emergence of Depressive-like Behaviors through Reduced Secretion of FGF2

Birey, F., Kloc, M. L., Chavali, M., Hussein, I., Wilson, M., Christoffel, D. J., Chen, T., Frohman, M. A., Robinson, J. K., Russo, S. J., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.046 · Cited by 214

Oligodendrocytes and Progenitors Become Progressively Depleted within Chronically Demyelinated Lesions

Mason, J. L., Toews, A., Hostettler, J. D., Morell, P., Suzuki, K., Goldman, J. E., & Matsushima, G. K. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63726-1 · Cited by 212

Diffusion barriers evoked in the rat cortex by reactive astrogliosis

Roitbak, T., & Sykov�, E. (1999) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199910)28:1 · Cited by 211

Myelin-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation can be overcome by pharmacological modulation of Fyn-RhoA and protein kinase C signalling

Baer, A. S., Syed, Y. A., Kang, S. U., Mitteregger, D., Vig, R., ffrench-Constant, C., Franklin, R. J. M., Altmann, F., Lubec, G., & Kotter, M. R. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn334 · Cited by 211

Notch1 signaling plays a role in regulating precursor differentiation during CNS remyelination

Zhang, Y., Argaw, A. T., Gurfein, B. T., Zameer, A., Snyder, B. J., Ge, C., Lu, Q. R., Rowitch, D. H., Raine, C. S., Brosnan, C. F., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902834106 · Cited by 210

Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation

Hammond, T. R., Gadea, A., Dupree, J., Kerninon, C., Nait-Oumesmar, B., Aguirre, A., & Gallo, V. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.015 · Cited by 206

Synantocytes: New functions for novel NG2 expressing glia

Butt, A. M., Kiff, J., Hubbard, P. S., & Berry, M. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1025751900356 · Cited by 203

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Remyelinate the Brain and Rescue Behavioral Deficits following Radiation

Piao, J., Major, T., Auyeung, G., Policarpio, E., Menon, J., Droms, L. A., Gutin, P. H., Uryu, K., Tchieu, J. H., Soulet, D., et al. (2015) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.01.004 · Cited by 198

Efficient central nervous system remyelination requires T cells

Bieber, A. J., Kerr, S., & Rodriguez, M. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10578 · Cited by 196

Transplantation of CNS Fragments into the Brain of Shiverer Mutant Mice: Extensive Myelination by Implanted Oligodendrocytes

Lachapelle, F., Gumpel, M., Baulac, M., Jacque, C., Duc, P., & Baumann, N. (2007) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000112359 · Cited by 192

Chd7 cooperates with Sox10 and regulates the onset of CNS myelination and remyelination

He, D., Marie, C., Zhao, C., Kim, B., Wang, J., Deng, Y., Clavairoly, A., Frah, M., Wang, H., He, X., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4258 · Cited by 191

The Nodes of Ranvier: Molecular Assembly and Maintenance

Rasband, M. N., & Peles, E. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020495 · Cited by 190

Pattern of remyelination in the CNS

BLAKEMORE, W. F. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/249577a0 · Cited by 182

Adult-born SVZ progenitors receive transient synapses during remyelination in corpus callosum

Etxeberría, A., Mangin, J., Aguirre, A. A., & Gallo, V. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2500 · Cited by 181

Gain of Olig2 function in oligodendrocyte progenitors promotes remyelination

Wegener, A., Deboux, C., Bachelin, C., Frah, M., Kerninon, C., Seilhean, D., Weider, M., Wegner, M., & Nait‐Oumesmar, B. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu375 · Cited by 180

Recovery from Chronic Demyelination by Thyroid Hormone Therapy: Myelinogenesis Induction and Assessment by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Harsan, L. A., Steibel, J., Zaremba, A., Agin, A., Sapin, R., Poulet, P., Guignard, B., Parizel, N., Grucker, D., Boehm, N., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4453-08.2008 · Cited by 177

The node of Ranvier in CNS pathology

Arancibia-Carcamo, I. L., & Attwell, D. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1305-z · Cited by 177

The use of cultured autologous Schwann cells to remyelinate areas of persistent demyelination in the central nervous system

Blakemore, W. F., & Crang, A. J. (1985) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(85)90088-7 · Cited by 174

Inhibition of Gli1 mobilizes endogenous neural stem cells for remyelination

Samanta, J., Grund, E. M., Silva, H. M., Lafaille, J. J., Fishell, G., & Salzer, J. L. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14957 · Cited by 170

NGF Regulates the Expression of Axonal LINGO-1 to Inhibit Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination

Lee, X., Yang, Z., Shao, Z., Rosenberg, S., Levesque, M., Pepinsky, R. B., Qiu, M. S., Miller, R. H., Chan, J. R., & Mi, S. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4175-06.2007 · Cited by 166

Notch1 and Jagged1 are expressed after CNS demyelination, but are not a major rate-determining factor during remyelination

Stidworthy, M. F. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh217 · Cited by 164

Chronic Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice and Rats

Hesp, Z. C., Goldstein, E. A., Miranda, C. J., Kaspar, B. K., & McTigue, D. M. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2568-14.2015 · Cited by 164

Oligodendrocyte PTEN is required for myelin and axonal integrity, not remyelination

Harrington, E. P., Zhao, C., Fancy, S. P. J., Kaing, S., Franklin, R. J. M., & Rowitch, D. H. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22090 · Cited by 163

Advanced MRI and staging of multiple sclerosis lesions

Absinta, M., Sati, P., & Reich, D. S. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.59 · Cited by 161

Oligodendroglial TNFR2 mediates membrane TNF-dependent repair in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination

Madsen, P. M., Motti, D., Karmally, S., Szymkowski, D. E., Lambertsen, K. L., Bethea, J. R., & Brambilla, R. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0211-16.2016 · Cited by 161

Rejuvenating Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Aging

Neves, J., Sousa‐Victor, P., & Jasper, H. (2017) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.008 · Cited by 160

The inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on oligodendrocytes

Siebert, J. R., & Osterhout, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07370.x · Cited by 158

Ascl1/Mash1 Promotes Brain Oligodendrogenesis during Myelination and Remyelination

Nakatani, H., Martin, E., Hassani, H., Clavairoly, A., Maire, C. L., Viadieu, A., Kerninon, C., Delmasure, A., Frah, M., Weber, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0805-13.2013 · Cited by 158

Vitamin D receptor–retinoid X receptor heterodimer signaling regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation

de la Fuente, A. G., Errea, O., van Wijngaarden, P., González, G. A., Kerninon, C., Jarjour, A. A., Lewis, H. J., Jones, C. A., Nait‐Oumesmar, B., Zhao, C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201505119 · Cited by 158

Dietary cholesterol promotes repair of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain

Berghoff, S. A., Gerndt, N., Winchenbach, J., Stumpf, S. K., Hosang, L., Odoardi, F., Ruhwedel, T., Böhler, C., Barrette, B., Stassart, R., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14241 · Cited by 151

Thyroid hormones promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and improve remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination

Franco, P. G., Silvestroff, L., Soto, E. F., & Pasquini, J. M. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.04.039 · Cited by 147

Genetically Induced Adult Oligodendrocyte Cell Death Is Associated with Poor Myelin Clearance, Reduced Remyelination, and Axonal Damage

Pohl, H. B. F., Porcheri, C., Mueggler, T., Bachmann, L. C., Martino, G., Riethmacher, D., Franklin, R. J. M., Rudin, M., & Suter, U. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5035-10.2011 · Cited by 145

Developmental Origin of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Determines Response to Demyelination and Susceptibility to Age-Associated Functional Decline

Crawford, A., Tripathi, R., Richardson, W., & Franklin, R. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.069 · Cited by 140

Chronic toxic demyelination in the central nervous system leads to axonal damage despite remyelination

Lindner, M., Fokuhl, J., Linsmeier, F., Trebst, C., & Stangel, M. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.004 · Cited by 136

lncRNA Functional Networks in Oligodendrocytes Reveal Stage-Specific Myelination Control by an lncOL1 /Suz12 Complex in the CNS

He, D., Wang, J., Lu, Y., Deng, Y., Zhao, C., Xu, L., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Zhou, W., & Lu, Q. R. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.044 · Cited by 136

Impaired remyelination and depletion of oligodendrocyte progenitors does not occur following repeated episodes of focal demyelination in the rat central nervous system

Penderis, J., Shields, S. A., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg126 · Cited by 130

Estrogen receptor β ligand therapy activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Kumar, S., Patel, R., Moore, S. M., Crawford, D. K., Suwanna, N., Mangiardi, M., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.005 · Cited by 129

Identification of the Kappa-Opioid Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Oligodendrocyte Remyelination

Mei, F., Mayoral, S. R., Nobuta, H., Wang, F., Desponts, C., Lorrain, D. S., Xiao, L., Green, A., Rowitch, D. H., Whistler, J. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1493-16.2016 · Cited by 126

ERK1/2 Activation in Preexisting Oligodendrocytes of Adult Mice Drives New Myelin Synthesis and Enhanced CNS Function

Jeffries, M. A., Urbanek, K., Torres, L., Wendell, S. G., Rubio, M. E., & Fyffe-Maricich, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1444-16.2016 · Cited by 126

Contact with Central Nervous System Myelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Maturation

Robinson, S., & Miller, R. H. (1999) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9466 · Cited by 120

Parallel states of pathological Wnt signaling in neonatal brain injury and colon cancer

Fancy, S. P. J., Harrington, E. P., Baranzini, S. E., Silbereis, J. C., Shiow, L. R., Yuen, T. J., Huang, E. J., Lomvardas, S., & Rowitch, D. H. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3676 · Cited by 120

Myelin regulatory factor drives remyelination in multiple sclerosis

Duncan, G. J., Plemel, J. R., Assinck, P., Manesh, S. B., Muir, F. G. W., Hirata, R., Berson, M., Liu, J., Wegner, M., Emery, B., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1741-7 · Cited by 120

Promoting oligodendrogenesis and myelin repair using the multiple sclerosis medication glatiramer acetate

Skihar, V., Silva, C., Chojnacki, A. K., Döring, A., Stallcup, W. B., Weiss, S., & Yong, V. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909607106 · Cited by 118

Targeting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Lesions to a Predetermined Axonal Tract System Allows for Refined Behavioral Testing in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Kerschensteiner, M., Stadelmann, C., Buddeberg, B. S., Merkler, D., Bareyre, F. M., Anthony, D. C., Linington, C., Brück, W., & Schwab, M. E. (2004) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63232-4 · Cited by 118

Age increases axon loss associated with primary demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice

Irvine, K.-A., & Blakemore, W. F. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.002 · Cited by 117

Progesterone and nestorone promote myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinating lesions of corpus callosum and cerebral cortex: Progesterone Receptor and Myelin Repair

El-Etr, M., Rame, M., Boucher, C., Ghoumari, A. M., Kumar, N., Liere, P., Pianos, A., Schumacher, M., & Sitruk-Ware, R. (2015) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22736 · Cited by 116

Liver X receptors alpha and beta promote myelination and remyelination in the cerebellum

Meffre, D., Shackleford, G., Hichor, M., Gorgievski, V., Tzavara, E. T., Trousson, A., Ghoumari, A. M., Deboux, C., Nait Oumesmar, B., Liere, P., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424951112 · Cited by 114

Identification of a Gene Regulatory Network Necessary for the Initiation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Swiss, V. A., Nguyen, T., Dugas, J., Ibrahim, A., Barres, B., Androulakis, I. P., & Casaccia, P. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018088 · Cited by 112

Remyelination reporter reveals prolonged refinement of spontaneously regenerated myelin

Powers, B. E., Sellers, D. L., Lovelett, E. A., Cheung, W., Aalami, S., Zapertov, N., Maris, D. O., & Horner, P. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1210293110 · Cited by 112

Demyelination arrest and remyelination induced by glatiramer acetate treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Aharoni, R., Herschkovitz, A., Eilam, R., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804632105 · Cited by 111

Functional Characterization of DNA Methylation in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage

Moyon, S., Huynh, J. L., Dutta, D. J., Zhang, F., Ma, D., Yoo, S., Lawrence, R., Wegner, M., John, G. R., Emery, B., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.060 · Cited by 111

Imaging outcomes for trials of remyelination in multiple sclerosis

Mallik, S., Samson, R. S., Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M. G., & Miller, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-307650 · Cited by 110

Late motor decline after accomplished remyelination: Impact for progressive multiple sclerosis

Manrique‐Hoyos, N., Jürgens, T., Grønborg, M., Kreutzfeldt, M., Schedensack, M., Kuhlmann, T., Schrick, C., Brück, W., Urlaub, H., Simons, M., et al. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22681 · Cited by 107

Myelin inhibits oligodendroglial maturation and regulates oligodendrocytic transcription factor expression

Plemel, J. R., Manesh, S. B., Sparling, J. S., & Tetzlaff, W. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22535 · Cited by 107

Transplantation of glial cells into the CNS

Blakemore, W. F., & Franklin, R. J. M. (1991) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90155-n · Cited by 105

Long-term remyelination fails to reconstitute normal thickness of central myelin sheaths

Ludwin, S. K., & Maitland, M. (1984) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(84)90037-6 · Cited by 104

Abnormal expression of TIP30 and arrested nucleocytoplasmic transport within oligodendrocyte precursor cells in multiple sclerosis

Nakahara, J., Kanekura, K., Nawa, M., Aiso, S., & Suzuki, N. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci35440 · Cited by 102

Pre-Existing Mature Oligodendrocytes Do Not Contribute to Remyelination following Toxin-Induced Spinal Cord Demyelination

Crawford, A. H., Tripathi, R. B., Foerster, S., McKenzie, I. A., Kougioumtzidou, E., Grist, M., Richardson, W. D., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2016) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.005 · Cited by 102

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Promotes Repair of Chronically Demyelinated White Matter

Vana, A. C., Flint, N. C., Harwood, N. E., Le, T. Q., Fruttiger, M., & Armstrong, R. C. (2007) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181587d46 · Cited by 101

IL4I1 augments CNS remyelination and axonal protection by modulating T cell driven inflammation

Psachoulia, K., Chamberlain, K. A., Heo, D., Davis, S. E., Paskus, J. D., Nanescu, S. E., Dupree, J. L., Wynn, T. A., & Huang, J. K. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww254 · Cited by 94

Olesoxime accelerates myelination and promotes repair in models of demyelination

Magalon, K., Zimmer, C., Cayre, M., Khaldi, J., Bourbon, C., Robles, I., Tardif, G., Viola, A., Pruss, R. M., Bordet, T., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22593 · Cited by 91

Chondroitinase treatment following spinal contusion injury increases migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

Siebert, J. R., Stelzner, D. J., & Osterhout, D. J. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.05.002 · Cited by 90

Daam2-PIP5K Is a Regulatory Pathway for Wnt Signaling and Therapeutic Target for Remyelination in the CNS

Lee, H. K., Chaboub, L. S., Zhu, W., Zollinger, D. R., Rasband, M. N., Fancy, S. P. J., & Deneen, B. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.024 · Cited by 89

Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system

Gonzalez, G. A., Hofer, M. P., Syed, Y. A., Amaral, A. I., Rundle, J., Rahman, S., Zhao, C., & Kotter, M. R. N. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31599 · Cited by 86

Decline in Rate of Colonization of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell (OPC)-Depleted Tissue by Adult OPCs with Age

Chari, D. M., Crang, A. J., & Blakemore, W. F. (2003) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/62.9.908 · Cited by 84

In vivo quantitative magnetization transfer imaging correlates with histology during de‐ and remyelination in cuprizone‐treated mice

Turati, L., Moscatelli, M. E. M., Mastropietro, A., Dowell, N. G., Zucca, I., Erbetta, A., Cordiglieri, C., Brenna, G., Bianchi, B., Mantegazza, R., et al. (2015) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.3253 · Cited by 84

Sox2 Sustains Recruitment of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells following CNS Demyelination and Primes Them for Differentiation during Remyelination

Zhao, C., Ma, D., Zawadzka, M., Fancy, S. P. J., Elis-Williams, L., Bouvier, G., Stockley, J. H., de Castro, G. M., Wang, B., Jacobs, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3655-14.2015 · Cited by 83

Stimulation of Monocytes, Macrophages, and Microglia by Amphotericin B and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Promotes Remyelination

Döring, A., Sloka, S., Lau, L. W., Mishra, M. K., van Minnen, J., Zhang, X., Kinniburgh, D. W., Rivest, S., & Yong, V. W. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1797-14.2015 · Cited by 82

Oligodendrocyte progenitors: Adult stem cells of the central nervous system?

Crawford, A. H., Stockley, J. H., Tripathi, R. B., Richardson, W. D., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.027 · Cited by 81

Liver X receptors regulate cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes

Nelissen, K., Mulder, M., Smets, I., Timmermans, S., Smeets, K., Ameloot, M., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22743 · Cited by 80

Identification of endothelin 2 as an inflammatory factor that promotes central nervous system remyelination

Yuen, T. J., Johnson, K. R., Miron, V. E., Zhao, C., Quandt, J., Harrisingh, M. C., Swire, M., Williams, A., McFarland, H. F., Franklin, R. J. M., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt024 · Cited by 80

Diosgenin promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation through estrogen receptor‐mediated ERK1/2 activation to accelerate remyelination

Xiao, L., Guo, D., Hu, C., Shen, W., Shan, L., Li, C., Liu, X., Yang, W., Zhang, W., & He, C. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22333 · Cited by 78

Cuprizone-induced demyelination in the rat cerebral cortex and thyroid hormone effects on cortical remyelination

Silvestroff, L., Bartucci, S. L., Pasquini, J. M., & Franco, P. G. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.02.018 · Cited by 77

E2F1 Coregulates Cell Cycle Genes and Chromatin Components during the Transition of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors from Proliferation to Differentiation

Magri, L., Swiss, V. A., Jablonska, B., Liang, L., Pedré, X., Walsh, M. J., Zhang, W., Gallo, V., Canoll, P., & Casaccia, P. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2840-13.2014 · Cited by 71

Regenerative Capacity of Macrophages for Remyelination

Rawji, K. S., Mishra, M. K., & Yong, V. W. (2016) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2016.00047 · Cited by 70

Activation of oligodendroglial Stat3 is required for efficient remyelination

Steelman, A. J., Zhou, Y., Koito, H., Kim, S., Payne, H. R., Lu, Q. R., & Li, J. (2016) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.023 · Cited by 69

Segmentation of magnetization transfer ratio lesions for longitudinal analysis of demyelination and remyelination in multiple sclerosis

Brown, R. A., Narayanan, S., & Arnold, D. L. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.059 · Cited by 67

Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 are present in remyelination in a T-cell- and antibody-mediated model of inflammatory demyelination

Seifert‐Held, T., Bauer, J., Weissert, R., Fazekas, F., & Storch, M. K. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0170-9 · Cited by 65

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase‐4 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhances CNS remyelination

Syed, Y. A., Baer, A., Hofer, M. P., González, G. A., Rundle, J., Myrta, S., Huang, J. K., Zhao, C., Rossner, M. J., Trotter, M. W. B., et al. (2013) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201303123 · Cited by 58

Efficient Remyelination Requires DNA Methylation

Moyon, S., Ma, D., Huynh, J. L., Coutts, D. J. C., Zhao, C., Casaccia, P., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0336-16.2017 · Cited by 57

Targeting human oligodendrocyte progenitors for myelin repair

Dietz, K. C., Polanco, J. J., Pol, S. U., & Sim, F. J. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.017 · Cited by 56

Cdk2 loss accelerates precursor differentiation and remyelination in the adult central nervous system

Caillava, C., Vandenbosch, R., Jablonska, B., Deboux, C., Spigoni, G., Gallo, V., Malgrange, B., & Evercooren, A. B. (2011) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201004146 · Cited by 55

Tocopherol Derivative TFA-12 Promotes Myelin Repair in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis

Blanchard, B., Heurtaux, T., Garcia, C., Moll, N. M., Caillava, C., Grandbarbe, L., Klosptein, A., Kerninon, C., Frah, M., Coowar, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0774-13.2013 · Cited by 54

Age-Related and Cuprizone-Induced Changes in Myelin and Transcription Factor Gene Expression and in Oligodendrocyte Cell Densities in the Rostral Corpus Callosum of Mice

Doucette, J. R., Jiao, R., & Nazarali, A. J. (2010) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-009-9486-z · Cited by 53

Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in the rat brain

Englander, E. W., Greeley, G. H., Wang, G., Perez-Polo, J. R., & Lee, H.-M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19991015)58:2 · Cited by 51

Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases

Hoang, D. M., Pham, P. T., Bach, T. Q., Ngo, A. T. L., Nguyen, Q. T., Phan, T. T. K., Nguyen, G. H., Le, P. T. T., Hoang, V. T., Forsyth, N. R., et al. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4 · Cited by 1,074

Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy

Baecher-Allan, C., Kaskow, B. J., & Weiner, H. L. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.021 · Cited by 938

Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology

Stadelmann, C., Timmler, S., Barrantes‐Freer, A., & Simons, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018 · Cited by 799

Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework

Kuhlmann, T., Moccia, M., Coetzee, T., Cohen, J. A., Correale, J., Graves, J., Marrie, R. A., Montalban, X., Yong, V. W., Thompson, A. J., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00289-7 · Cited by 667

Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond

Kuhn, S., Gritti, L., Crooks, D., & Dombrowski, Y. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8111424 · Cited by 625

Schwann cell remyelination is not replaced by oligodendrocyte remyelination following ethidium bromide induced demyelination

Gilson, J. M., & Blakemore, W. F. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200207020-00027 · Cited by 39

Myelin inhibits oligodendroglial maturation and regulates oligodendrocytic transcription factor expression

Plemel, J. R., Manesh, S. B., Sparling, J. S., & Tetzlaff, W. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22535 · Cited by 107

The orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR149 is a negative regulator of myelination and remyelination

Suo, N., He, B., Cui, S.-H., Yang, Y., Wang, M., Yuan, Q., & Xie, X. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24233 · Cited by 15

Spontaneous and induced remyelination in multiple sclerosis and the theiler's virus model of central nervous system demyelination

Miller, D. J., & Rodriguez, M. (1995) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.1070320306 · Cited by 28

The demonstration of recurrent demyelination and remyelination of axons in the central nervous system

Johnson, E. S., & Ludwin, S. K. (1981) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00689988 · Cited by 81