The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A Standardized Memory Scale for Clinical Use
Abstract
(1945). A Standardized Memory Scale for Clinical Use. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 87-95.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322
What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
(1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.3.321 · Cited by 3,516
Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence.
Heinrichs, R. W., & Zakzanis, K. K. (1998) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.12.3.426 · Cited by 2,798
DEFICITS IN STRATEGY APPLICATION FOLLOWING FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE IN MAN
SHALLICE, T., & BURGESS, P. W. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.727 · Cited by 2,017
Doty, R. L., Shaman, P., & Dann, M. (1984) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90269-5 · Cited by 1,854
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory
Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Watkins, K. E., Connelly, A., Van Paesschen, W., & Mishkin, M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5324.376 · Cited by 1,746
SEMANTIC DEMENTIA: PROGRESSIVE FLUENT APHASIA WITH TEMPORAL LOBE ATROPHY
HODGES, J. R., PATTERSON, K., OXBURY, S., & FUNNELL, E. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.6.1783 · Cited by 1,710
Benedict, R. H. B., Schretlen, D., Groninger, L., & Brandt, J. (1998) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1076/clin.12.1.43.1726 · Cited by 1,597
Patterns of Brain Activation in People at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Bookheimer, S. Y., Strojwas, M. H., Cohen, M. S., Saunders, A. M., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Mazziotta, J. C., & Small, G. W. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008173430701 · Cited by 1,328
The hopkins verbal learning test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms
Brandt, J. (1991) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049108403297 · Cited by 1,317
Neurocognition in first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review.
Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Giuliano, A. J., Goff, K. P., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0014708 · Cited by 1,130
Analysis of the elements of attention: A neuropsychological approach
Mirsky, A. F., Anthony, B. J., Duncan, C. C., Ahearn, M. B., & Kellam, S. G. (1991) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf01109051 · Cited by 874
Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis
Bäckman, L., Jones, S., Berger, A.-K., Laukka, E. J., & Small, B. J. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.520 · Cited by 735
The Preclinical Phase of Alzheimer Disease: A 22-Year Prospective Study of the Framingham Cohort
Elias, M. F., Beiser, A., Wolf, P. A., Au, R., White, R. F., & D'Agostino, R. B. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.6.808 · Cited by 716
Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function
(2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066397 · Cited by 646
The Natural History of Alzheimer's Disease: Description of Study Cohort and Accuracy of Diagnosis
Becker, J. T. (1994) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540180063015 · Cited by 576
Driessen, M., Herrmann, J., Stahl, K., Zwaan, M., Meier, S., Hill, A., Osterheider, M., & Petersen, D. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1115 · Cited by 562
Chronic pain patients are impaired on an emotional decision-making task
Apkarian, V. A., Sosa, Y., Krauss, B. R., Thomas, S. P., Fredrickson, B. E., Levy, R. E., Harden, N. R., & Chialvo, D. R. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.015 · Cited by 536
Alpha frequency, cognitive load and memory performance
Klimesch, W., Schimke, H., & Pfurtscheller, G. (1993) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01128991 · Cited by 530
Automatic and effortful processing in depression.
Hartlage, S., Alloy, L. B., Vázquez, C., & Dykman, B. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.247 · Cited by 523
Emmelot-Vonk, M. H., Verhaar, H. J. J., Nakhai Pour, H. R., Aleman, A., Lock, T. M. T. W., Bosch, J. L. H. R., Grobbee, D. E., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2007.51 · Cited by 518
Asymbolia for pain: a sensory‐limbic disconnection syndrome
Berthier, M., Starkstein, S., & Leiguarda, R. (1988) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410240109 · Cited by 456
Glucocorticoid-induced impairment in declarative memory performance in adult humans
Newcomer, J., Craft, S., Hershey, T., Askins, K., & Bardgett, M. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-04-02047.1994 · Cited by 441
Kreijkamp-Kaspers, S., Kok, L., Grobbee, D. E., de Haan, E. H. F., Aleman, A., Lampe, J. W., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.1.65 · Cited by 438
Emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia: Association with symptomatology and cognition
Kohler, C. G., Bilker, W., Hagendoorn, M., Gur, R. E., & Gur, R. C. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00847-7 · Cited by 437
Leach, L. S., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A. J., Windsor, T. D., & Butterworth, P. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0388-z · Cited by 413
Selective hypometabolism in the inferior frontal lobe in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease
Mayberg, H. S., Starkstein, S. E., Sadzot, B., Preziosi, T., Andrezejewski, P. L., Dannals, R. F., Wagner, H. N., & Robinson, R. G. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280111 · Cited by 412
Letenneur, L., Gilleron, V, Commenges, D., Helmer, C., Orgogozo, J. M., & Dartigues, J. F. (1999) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.177 · Cited by 406
Rowe, A. D., Bullock, P. R., Polkey, C. E., & Morris, R. G. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.3.600 · Cited by 400
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.2.165 · Cited by 327
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Ramstad, E., Krogh, H. B., Nilausen, T. D., Skoog, M., Holmskov, M., Rosendal, S., Groth, C., Magnusson, F. L., Moreira-Maia, C. R., et al. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub2 · Cited by 347
NPTX2 and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease
Xiao, M.-F., Xu, D., Craig, M. T., Pelkey, K. A., Chien, C.-C., Shi, Y., Zhang, J., Resnick, S., Pletnikova, O., Salmon, D., et al. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.23798 · Cited by 316
Valls-Pedret, C., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M., Medina-Remón, A., Quintana, M., Corella, D., Pintó, X., Martínez-González, M. Á., Estruch, R., & Ros, E. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111799 · Cited by 309
Practice effects during repeated administrations of memory tests with and without alternate forms
Benedict, R. H. B., & Zgaljardic, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.20.3.339.822 · Cited by 304
Greene, J. D. W., Baddeley, A. D., & Hodges, J. R. (1996) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00151-4 · Cited by 277
Kopelman, M. D. (1987) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.11.1482 · Cited by 272
Cardiac Index Is Associated With Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study
Jefferson, A. L., Himali, J. J., Beiser, A. S., Au, R., Massaro, J. M., Seshadri, S., Gona, P., Salton, C. J., DeCarli, C., O'Donnell, C. J., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.905091 · Cited by 256
Jokic, R., Klimaszewski, A., Crossley, M., Sridhar, G., & Fitzpatrick, M. F. (1999) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.115.3.771 · Cited by 250
Neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and treatment implications
Greisberg, S., & McKay, D. (2003) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00232-5 · Cited by 230
Developmental Consequences of Childhood Frontal Lobe Damage
Eslinger, P. J., Grattan, L. M., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530310112021 · Cited by 213
Reversible steroid dementia in patients without steroid psychosis
(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.3.369 · Cited by 194
Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T. E., Agrón, E., Launer, L. J., Grodstein, F., & Bernstein, P. S. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9677 · Cited by 191
Ottowitz, W. E., Tondo, L., Dougherty, D. D., & Savage, C. R. (2002) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220216210 · Cited by 185
Coffee Consumption and Cognitive Function among Older Adults
Johnson-Kozlow, M. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf119 · Cited by 173
Cognitive and psychosocial outcome following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury
HELLAWELL, R. T. (1999) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990599121403 · Cited by 166
Fowler, C., Rainey-Smith, S. R., Bird, S., Bomke, J., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B. M., Burnham, S. C., Bush, A. I., Chadunow, C., Collins, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-210005 · Cited by 164
Cognitive Impairment in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 16
(2006) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.124.4.537 · Cited by 163
Longitudinal change in cognitive performance among individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Albert, M., Moss, M. B., Blacker, D., Tanzi, R., & McArdle, J. J. (2007) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.158 · Cited by 160
Poly, C., Massaro, J. M., Seshadri, S., Wolf, P. A., Cho, E., Krall, E., Jacques, P. F., & Au, R. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.008938 · Cited by 159
a, S. (1999) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(98)90048-6 · Cited by 148
Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending
Khan, O., Ferriter, M., Huband, N., Powney, M. J., Dennis, J. A., & Duggan, C. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007989.pub2 · Cited by 144
Base Rates of “Impaired” Neuropsychological Test Performance Among Healthy Older Adults
Palmer, B. (1998) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/s0887-6177(97)00037-1 · Cited by 142
McCoy, D. C. (2019) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-019-00285-1 · Cited by 134
Jacobson, A. M., Ryan, C. M., Braffett, B. H., Gubitosi-Klug, R. A., Lorenzi, G. M., Luchsinger, J. A., Trapani, V. R., Bebu, I., Chaytor, N., Hitt, S. M., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00086-3 · Cited by 138
Parslow, R. A., & Jorm, A. F. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.3.509 · Cited by 134
The heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological analysis
LIBON, D. J., XIE, S. X., EPPIG, J., WICAS, G., LAMAR, M., LIPPA, C., BETTCHER, B. M., PRICE, C. C., GIOVANNETTI, T., SWENSON, R., et al. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990993 · Cited by 130
Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Martin, R. A., Colby, S. M., Myers, M. G., Gulliver, S. B., Brown, R. A., Mueller, T. I., Gordon, A., & Abrams, D. B. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00743.x · Cited by 129
Schubert, J. J., Veronese, M., Marchitelli, L., Bodini, B., Tonietto, M., Stankoff, B., Brooks, D. J., Bertoldo, A., Edison, P., & Turkheimer, F. E. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.223834 · Cited by 121
A psychiatric and neuropsychological study of patients with untreated Graves' disease
Trzepacz, P. T., McCue, M., Klein, I., Levey, G. S., & Greenhouse, J. (1988) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(88)90084-9 · Cited by 120
Dense amnesia in a professional musician following herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A. D., & Kapur, N. (1995) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639508405157 · Cited by 116
Lacunar Infarcts Are the Main Correlate With Cognitive Dysfunction in CADASIL
Liem, M. K., van der Grond, J., Haan, J., van den Boom, R., Ferrari, M. D., Knaap, Y. M., Breuning, M. H., van Buchem, M. A., Middelkoop, H. A. M., & Lesnik Oberstein, S. A. J. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000257968.24015.bf · Cited by 114
Slawik, M., Klawitter, B., Meiser, E., Schories, M., Zwermann, O., Borm, K., Peper, M., Lubrich, B., Hug, M. J., Nauck, M., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0297 · Cited by 113
Ardila, A., Lopera, F., Rosselli, M., Moreno, S., Madrigal, L., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., Arcos, M., Murcia, C., Arango-Viana, J. C., Ossa, J., et al. (2000) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/15.6.515 · Cited by 113
A comparison of methods for measuring cognitive change in older adults
FRERICHS, R., & TUOKKO, H. (2005) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.08.002 · Cited by 112
Deficits in selective attention following bilateral anterior cingulotomy
Janer, K. W., & Pardo, J. V. (1991) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.3.231 · Cited by 112
Visuoperceptual processes in brain damaged patients on the digit symbol substitution test
Glosser, G., Butters, N., & Kaplan, E. (1977) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207457709147202 · Cited by 108
MRI correlates of cognitive decline in CADASIL: A 7-year follow-up study
Liem, M. K., Lesnik Oberstein, S. A. J., Haan, J., van der Neut, I. L., Ferrari, M. D., van Buchem, M. A., Middelkoop, H. A. M., & van der Grond, J. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000339038.65508.96 · Cited by 104
Neuropsychological Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Dose-Response Analysis
Rohling, M. L., Meyers, J. E., & Millis, S. R. (2003) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1076/clin.17.3.289.18086 · Cited by 100
Captopril and Enalapril Improve Cognition and Depressed Mood in Hypertensive Patients
Braszko, Karwowska-Polecka, Halicka, & Gard (2003) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp.2003.14.4.323 · Cited by 89
Fields, R. B., Van Kammen, D. P., Peters, J. L., Rosen, J., Van Kammen, W. B., Nugent, A., Stipetic, M., & Linnoila, M. (1988) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(88)90024-2 · Cited by 88
Subcortical Vascular Disease and Functional Decline: A 6‐Year Predictor Study
Bennett, H. P., Corbett, A. J., Gaden, S., Grayson, D. A., Kril, J. J., & Broe, G. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50608.x · Cited by 73
Prospective Association of Smoking and Alcohol Use with Cognitive Function in an Elderly Cohort
EDELSTEIN, S. L., KRITZ-SILVERSTEIN, D., & BARRETT-CONNOR, E. (1998) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1271 · Cited by 69
The Role of Neuropsychologic Tests in the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Pineda, D. A., Puerta, I. C., Aguirre, D. C., García-Barrera, M. A., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2007) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.02.002 · Cited by 69
Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., Bateman, J. R., & Guzman, M. (2001) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2001_3 · Cited by 65
Libon, D. J., Price, C. C., Giovannetti, T., Swenson, R., Bettcher, B. M., Heilman, K. M., & Pennisi, A. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.489997 · Cited by 62
Rodgers, B., Windsor, T. D., Anstey, K. J., Dear, K. B. G., F. Jorm, A., & Christensen, H. (2005) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01158.x · Cited by 62
Metternich, B., Kosch, D., Kriston, L., Härter, M., & Hüll, M. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000254901 · Cited by 62
Mood, cognition and EEG changes during interferon α (alpha-IFN) treatment for chronic hepatitis C
Amodio, P., De Toni, E. N., Cavalletto, L., Mapelli, D., Bernardinello, E., Del Piccolo, F., Bergamelli, C., Costanzo, R., Bergamaschi, F., Poma, S. Z., et al. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.09.004 · Cited by 61
Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Motta, M., Giordano, M., Malaguarnera, G., Bella, R., Nunnari, G., Rampello, L., & Pennisi, G. (2011) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-011-9260-z · Cited by 61
Effects of MSH/ACTH 4--10 on memory, attention and endogenous hormone levels in women
VEITH, J., SANDMAN, C., GEORGE, J., & STEVENS, V (1978) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90201-9 · Cited by 59
Color discrimination, color naming and color preferences in 80-year olds
Wijk, H., Berg, S., Sivik, L., & Steen, B. (1999) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03399660 · Cited by 58
The relationship between episodic long-term memory and white matter integrity in normal aging
Charlton, R. A., Barrick, T. R., Markus, H. S., & Morris, R. G. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.08.018 · Cited by 55
Effects of experimentally induced dissociation on attention and memory
Brewin, C. R., Ma, B. Y. T., & Colson, J. (2013) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.005 · Cited by 55
de Brito, J. N., Pope, Z. C., Mitchell, N. R., Schneider, I. E., Larson, J. M., Horton, T. H., & Pereira, M. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16162894 · Cited by 54
Stoykova, R., Matharan, F., Dartigues, J.-F., & Amieva, H. (2011) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211001165 · Cited by 53
Education, Atrophy, and Cognitive Change in an Epidemiological Sample in Early Old Age
Christensen, H., Batterham, P. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Anstey, K. J., Wen, W., & Sachdev, P. S. (2009) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181961a84 · Cited by 48
Kobayashi, M., Kosugi, A., Takagi, H., Nemoto, M., Nemoto, K., Arai, T., & Yamada, Y. (2019) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29390-1_4 · Cited by 45
Strauss, J., Barr, C. L., George, C. J., Ryan, C. M., King, N., Shaikh, S., Kovacs, M., & Kennedy, J. L. (2004) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1385/nmm:5:3:181 · Cited by 42
Impairment of performance associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines
Gorenstein, C., Bernik, M. A., Pompéia, S., & Marcourakis, T. (1995) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119500900404 · Cited by 38
Amnesia in Acute Herpetic and Nonherpetic Encephalitis
Hokkanen, L., Salonen, O., & Launes, J. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550100038013 · Cited by 35
Cuesta, M. J., Peralta, V., Campos, M. S., & Garcia-Jalon, E. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.032 · Cited by 33
Fedio, P., & Ommaya, A. K. (1970) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(70)90039-7 · Cited by 28
Cognitive Performance in a Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Sample 1: Cognitive Functions
Johansen, T., & Dittrich, W. H. (2013) · Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.1155/2013/565191 · Cited by 21
Pozzi, F., Aloe, L., Frajese, G., & Frajese, G. (2013) · Research in Endocrinology · doi:10.5171/2013.552758 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Wechsler, D.
- Venue
- The Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1945-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-95
- ISSN
- 0022-3980 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-1019
- OpenAlex
- W2031696070
- Cited by
- 2,919
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.