Targeting Sirtuin 1 to Improve Metabolism: All You Need Is NAD+?
Open accessAbstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an evolutionarily conserved NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that is at the pinnacle of metabolic control, all the way from yeast to humans. SIRT1 senses changes in intracellular NAD(+) levels, which reflect energy level, and uses this information to adapt the cellular energy output such that it matches cellular energy requirements. The changes induced by SIRT1 activation are generally (but not exclusively) transcriptional in nature and are related to an increase in mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant protection. These attractive features have validated SIRT1 as a therapeutic target in the management of metabolic disease and prompted an intensive search to identify pharmacological SIRT1 activators. In this review, we first give an overview of the SIRT1 biology with a particular focus on its role in metabolic control. We then analyze the pros and cons of the current strategies used to activate SIRT1 and explore the emerging evidence indicating that modulation of NAD(+) levels could provide an effective way to achieve such goals.
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Increasing NAD+ content leads to higher SIRT1 activity.
“Hence, increasing NAD+ content leads to higher SIRT1 activity (Canto & Auwerx, 2012).”
From Mitochondrial response to nutrient availability and its role in metabolic disease (2014) · cites this paper as Canto & Auwerx, 2012
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SIRT1 Protects against Microglia-dependent Amyloid-β Toxicity through Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling
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Influence of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol in man
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Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons
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SIRT1 transgenic mice show phenotypes resembling calorie restriction
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Self-citationSir2 links chromatin silencing, metabolism, and agingPreprint
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Sirt1 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Repressing UCP2 in Pancreatic β Cells
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Nutrient Availability Regulates SIRT1 Through a Forkhead-Dependent Pathway
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SirT2 is a histone deacetylase with preference for histone H4 Lys 16 during mitosisPreprint
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The CREB Coactivator TORC2 Functions as a Calcium- and cAMP-Sensitive Coincidence Detector
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Tumor Suppressor HIC1 Directly Regulates SIRT1 to Modulate p53-Dependent DNA-Damage Responses
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AMP-activated protein kinase-deficient mice are resistant to the metabolic effects of resveratrol
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SirT1 Gain of Function Increases Energy Efficiency and Prevents Diabetes in Mice
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Calorie restriction extends yeast life span by lowering the level of NADH
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SIRT1 Deacetylates and Positively Regulates the Nuclear Receptor LXR
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Absence of effects of Sir2 overexpression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila
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Regulation of Corepressor Function by Nuclear NADH
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LXRS AND FXR: The Yin and Yang of Cholesterol and Fat Metabolism
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Sirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer
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The Mammalian SIR2α Protein Has a Role in Embryogenesis and Gametogenesis
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SIRT3, a human SIR2 homologue, is an NAD- dependent deacetylase localized to mitochondria
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Tissue-specific regulation of SIRT1 by calorie restriction
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A fasting inducible switch modulates gluconeogenesis via activator/coactivator exchange
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The role of FoxO in the regulation of metabolism
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Fasting-dependent glucose and lipid metabolic response through hepatic sirtuin 1
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Mouse Sir2 Homolog SIRT6 Is a Nuclear ADP-ribosyltransferase
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway
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SIRT1 Deacetylates and Inhibits SREBP-1C Activity in Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism*
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SIRT1 Is Essential for Normal Cognitive Function and Synaptic Plasticity
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Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Inhibition in Blood Ameliorates Neurodegeneration
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DBC1 is a negative regulator of SIRT1
Kim, J., Chen, J., & Lou, Z. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06500 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
SIRT2 Regulates Adipocyte Differentiation through FoxO1 Acetylation/Deacetylation
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Sirtuin Functions in Health and Disease
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“For extensive discussion of the actions of other sirtuin members, we refer the reader to reviews elsewhere (Dali-Youcef et al., 2007; Michan and Sinclair, 2007; Yamamoto et al., 2007; Schwer and Verdin, 2008; Finkel et al., 2009; Guarente, 2011).”
Self-citationMiR-34, SIRT1, and p53: The feedback loop
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Negative regulation of the deacetylase SIRT1 by DBC1
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SirT1 Regulates Energy Metabolism and Response to Caloric Restriction in Mice
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AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream transcriptional pathways
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Self-citationA complex barcode underlies the heterogeneous response of p53 to stress
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SIRT1 inhibits inflammatory pathways in macrophages and modulates insulin sensitivity
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SIRT1 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adipocytes
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Conserved Metabolic Regulatory Functions of Sirtuins
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Sirtuins: The ‘ <i>magnificent seven</i> ’, function, metabolism and longevity
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Self-citationElimination of Replication Block Protein Fob1 Extends the Life Span of Yeast Mother Cells
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Caloric restriction, SIRT1 and longevity
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Self-citationC. elegans SIR-2.1 Interacts with 14-3-3 Proteins to Activate DAF-16 and Extend Life Span
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Lifespan extension induced by AMPK and calcineurin is mediated by CRTC-1 and CREB
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Active Regulator of SIRT1 Cooperates with SIRT1 and Facilitates Suppression of p53 Activity
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GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid–induced flushing
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 participates in the phase entrainment of circadian clocks to feeding
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Extension of Human Cell Lifespan by Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
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SIRT1 sumoylation regulates its deacetylase activity and cellular response to genotoxic stress
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JNK1 Phosphorylates SIRT1 and Promotes Its Enzymatic Activity
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SIRT1: recent lessons from mouse models
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PARP-2 Regulates SIRT1 Expression and Whole-Body Energy Expenditure
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DYRK1A and DYRK3 Promote Cell Survival through Phosphorylation and Activation of SIRT1
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Coactivator-Dependent Acetylation Stabilizes Members of the SREBP Family of Transcription Factors
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MicroRNA 132 Regulates Nutritional Stress-Induced Chemokine Production through Repression of SirT1
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“In addition, there is evidence that enhanced SIRT1 activity could be protective in conditions such as neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Araki et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2005a; Kim et al., 2007a; Donmez et al., 2010).”
PPARγ in human and mouse physiology
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“time frames (several hours) in order to drive SIRT1 activation (discussed in [25]).”
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“Its role in stress response is further confirmed by the identification of p53, hypoxiainducible factor-1a, and NF- B as SIRT1 targets (reviewed in Canto & Auwerx, 2012; Houtkooper et al., 2012).”
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Self-citationLoss of SIRT1 in diabetes accelerates DNA damage-induced vascular calcification
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GLP-1RA Liraglutide and Semaglutide Improves Obesity-Induced Muscle Atrophy via SIRT1 Pathway
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“These drugs include resveratrol (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006; Timmers et al., 2011) NMN (Yoshino et al., 2011; Canto and Auwerx, 2012) and nicotinamide riboside (NR; Canto and Auwerx, 2012; Gariani et al., 2016).”
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- Authors
- Cantó, C., & Auwerx, J.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Venue
- Pharmacological Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 166-187
- ISSN
- 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3616312
- OpenAlex
- W2104035332
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Pharmacological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Keywords
- SIRT1, sirtuins, NAD+, NAD+ metabolism, metabolic control, energy homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, antioxidant defense, SIRT1 activators, metabolic disorders, deacetylase
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, NAD, Protein Conformation, Substrate Specificity, Drug Discovery, Sirtuin 1
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